Ịkpụchasị osisi
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Prunedbushcloseup.jpg/220px-Prunedbushcloseup.jpg)
Ịkwacha osisi bụ omume horticultural, arboricultural, na silvicultural nke gụnyere ịwepụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke osisi, dị ka alaka, buds, ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ.
Omume a gụnyere iwepụ ezubere iche nke ndị ọrịa, mebiri emebi, ndị nwụrụ anwụ, ndị na-adịghị arụpụta ihe, na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-achọghị ihe ọkụkụ sitere na ihe ọkụkụ na ahịhịa dị n'okirikiri. N'ozuzu, obere alaka nke a na-egbutu, ọ na-adị mfe maka osisi osisi na-eme ka ọnya ahụ ghara imebi ma si otú ahụ na-amachi ikike nke intrusion na ire ere. Ya mere, ọ ka mma ime ka osisi ndị na-eto eto na-egbutu ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa, kama iwepụ alaka ndị buru ibu, ndị na-adịghị mma site na osisi tozuru okè.
Osisi osisi nwere ike ịmalite usoro a na-akpọ "ịkwachaa onwe ya", ebe ha ga-adaba alaka ma ọ bụ alaka ndị na-adịghịzi amịpụta ume karịa ka ha chọrọ. A na-eche na usoro a nwekwara ike ime n'ihi enweghị mmiri, iji belata elu ebe mmiri nwere ike ịla n'iyi.[1] A na-akpọ ịwụfu alaka nke a eke cladoptosis.
Enwere ike itinye usoro ịkpụchasị osisi pụrụ iche na osisi ụfọdụ, dị ka roses, Osisi mkpụrụ osisi, na mkpụrụ vaịn. Enwere ike iji usoro dị iche iche na-ebibi ahịhịa karịa ndị a na-eji na osisi osisi na-adịgide adịgide.
Ihe kpatara osisi prune gụnyere iwepụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ, ịkpụzi (site n'ịchịkwa ma ọ bụ gbanwee uto), imeziwanye ma ọ bụ na-akwado ahụike, belata ihe ize ndụ site na alaka na-ada, ịkwadebe ụdị ọmụmụ maka ịkụ mkpụrụ, yana owuwe ihe ubi na ịbawanye mmepụta ma ọ bụ ogo nke okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi.
Okwu ndị a na-akpọ pruning
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![Branch wood, trunk wood, branch collar, branch bark ridge clearly identified on a tree.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Labelled_tree_parts.jpg/480px-Labelled_tree_parts.jpg)
Osisi Alaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi alaka bụ ogwe osisi nke na-eto site na ogwe osisi ọzọ.
Osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Osisi ogwe osisi bụ isi ogwe osisi nke ogwe osisi ọ bụla na-etolite.
Nke a na-ezo aka n'ógbè dị n'okpuru njikọ nke osisi alaka na-ejikọta na ogwe osisi / ogwe osisi. Nke a nwere ike iyi ka a na-ebuli ya elu.
Akpụkpọ ahụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nke a na-ezo aka na njikọ dị n'etiti osisi alaka na osisi ogwe osisi. Ọ na-elekarị anya dị elu. [1]
Ụdị Ntọala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Arborist_pruning_Statue_of_Liberty.jpg/200px-Arborist_pruning_Statue_of_Liberty.jpg)
Ịkpụchasị osisi n'ime obodo dị oke mkpa n'ihi na osisi ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche karịa ebe ha na-eto. [2]
Ndị na-akụ ahịhịa, ndị na-akụ mkpụrụ osisi na ndị na-elekọta ubi na-eji ngwá ọrụ ubi dị iche iche na ihe eji egbu osisi emebere maka nzube ahụ, dị ka secateurs, loppers, handsaws, ma ọ bụ chainsaws.[4] Na mgbakwunye na n'ime ọhịa, a na-ejikarị osisi na-akwacha osisi na osisi osisi ma na-etinyekarị ihe ndị a n'osisi ndị ruru mita 5-6, nke a bụ ụzọ dị mma nke ịkwachaa karịa ọkwa ọkwa. A na-arụkwa ịkwọ ohia ndị a na ntuli aka dị ka chainsaw nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karị. Teknụzụ ochie jiri Billhooks, agụba Kaiser na mma kwachaa. Ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-eji ụfọdụ coppicing, a naghị eji ha eme ihe n'ọhịa azụmahịa n'ihi ihe isi ike nke ịchacha ya na azuokokoosisi. Mkpụcha mmiri na-eme mgbe ị na-egbutu n'ime cambium oyi akwa nke isi ogwe nke nwere ike ime mgbe ị na-emeghị nke ọma na ịkpụ osisi ma wepụ akụkụ nke olu olu alaka nke nwere ike itinye osisi ahụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke eriri ntinye site na nje ọrịa ọhịa.
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke ịkwachaa ha nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mfe ụzọ abụọ. Otu n'ime ha na-egbutu alaka azụ ka a kpọmkwem na etiti n'ókè, na-akpọ Mbelata ịkpụ, na ndị ọzọ kpamkpam na-ewepụ a alaka azụ na otu ebe alaka ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikọta nke isi ogwe, na-akpọ mwepụ ịkpụ.[3]
Mbelata bụ mgbe ị wepụrụ akụkụ nke ogwe osisi na-eto eto gaa na usoro nke buds na-achọsi ike ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi dị n'akụkụ. A na-emekarị nke a na osisi ndị a zụrụ nke ọma maka ọtụtụ ihe, dịka ọmụmaatụ iji kpalie uto nke okooko osisi, mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ alaka, dị ka ihe mgbochi maka mmebi ikuku na snow na ogologo ogwe osisi na alaka, na n'ikpeazụ iji kwalite uto nke ogwe osisi n'ụzọ dị mma.
- Ntinye: Ụdị dị egwu nke ịkpụcha, ịkpụcha bụ iwepụ osisi dum, aka, ma ọ bụ alaka n'ebe ọ malitere.[3] A na-ejikarị nke a eme ihe iji mee ka osisi dịghachi ndụ site n'iwepụ ihe ndị tozuru oke, ndị na-adịghị ike, ndị nwere nsogbu, na ndị na-etobiga ókè. Mgbe emere ya nke ọma, imebi ya na-agba ume ka e nwee uto ọhụrụ nke ga-amị mkpụrụ na okooko osisi ngwa ngwa. Nke a bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị na ịpị roses na maka ịgbasawanye na "emeghe" alaka nke osisi ndị a leghaara anya, ma ọ bụ maka imezigharị obere osisi nwere ọtụtụ alaka.
- Topping: Topping bụ ụdị dị oke njọ nke na-agụnye iwepụ alaka niile na uto ruo nnukwu alaka ole na ole ma ọ bụ na ogwe osisi ahụ. Mgbe emechara ya nke ọma, a na-eji ya eme ihe na osisi ndị na-eto eto, a pụkwara iji ya malite ịzụ osisi ndị na'eto eto maka pollarding ma ọ bụ maka trellising iji mepụta Espalier.
- Ibuli elu na-ewepụ alaka ndị dị ala n'osisi iji nye ohere maka ụlọ, ụgbọala, ndị na-aga ije, na ọhụụ. [4]
- Mbelata na-ebelata ogo osisi, mgbe mgbe maka ikpochapụ maka akara ọrụ. Mbelata ịdị elu ma ọ bụ mgbasa nke osisi kachasị mma site na ịkpụ azụ ndị isi na ọdụ alaka na alaka ndị buru ibu iji were ọrụ njedebe (ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke obosara nke ogwe osisi ahụ). E jiri ya tụnyere elu, mbelata na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịdị na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke osisi ahụ.[5]
N'ubi mkpụrụ osisi, a na-egbakarị osisi mkpụrụ osisi iji kwalite uto ọzọ na iji mee ka osisi dị obere iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịghọrọ mkpụrụ osisi. A na-eme atụmatụ nke ọma maka usoro ịkpụ osisi n'ubi mkpụrụ osisi na mmepụta nke osisi ọ bụla bụ ihe dị mkpa.
Ịkụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Alaka na-anwụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe gụnyere ụkọ ìhè anyanwụ, mmebi nke ọrịa na ọrịa, na mmebi nke mgbọrọgwụ. Alaka nwụrụ anwụ ga-adaba n'oge ụfọdụ n'ogwe nne ma daa. Nke a na-abụkarị usoro na-adịghị ngwa ngwa mana ikuku dị elu ma ọ bụ oke okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka ọ dị ngwa. Isi ihe mere a na-eji eme osisi nwụrụ anwụ bụ nchekwa. Ọnọdụ ndị na-achọkarị iwepụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ gụnyere osisi ndị dị n'okporo ụzọ ọha na eze, ụlọ, ebe ọha na eze na-ahụkarị, eriri eletrik, eriri ekwentị na ogige. A na-enyocha osisi ndị dị n'ebe osisi dị ka ihe ize ndụ dị ala mana nyocha na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọbịa. A na-elekarị osisi ndị dị n'akụkụ ụzọ ụkwụ na ụzọ ndị a na-esi abanye anya maka iwepụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ.[6]
Ihe ọzọ kpatara deadwooding bụ uru ntụrụndụ, ya bụ, osisi nwere nnukwu osisi nwụrụ anwụ n'ime okpueze ahụ ga-adị mma karịa na-atọ ụtọ na osisi nwụrụ anwụ e wepụrụ. Enwere ike ịme omume anụ ahụ nke igbu osisi nwụrụ anwụ n'ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ ọ bụ ezie na a ga-ezere ya mgbe osisi ahụ na-abanye n'ime akwụkwọ. Usoro osisi nwụrụ anwụ na-eme ka usoro osisi ahụ dị ngwa. Ọ na-ebelata ibu na-achọghị na ikuku na-eguzogide ma nwee ike inyere aka n'ozuzu ya.
Nchịkọta ihe owuwu mgbochi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ime mgbochi na nhazi iji belata ọtụtụ nsogbu osisi ndị na-eto eto nwere ike inwe n'ọdịnihu. Ọdịdị ahụ nwere ike belata nrụgide osisi, mee ka ogologo ndụ osisi dịkwuo elu, ma kwalite iguzogide mmebi n'ihi ihe omume ihu igwe. Àgwà nke osisi ndị nwere ọdịdị dị mma gụnyere uto na-aga n'ihu site n'inwe otu onye ndú na-achịkwa, njikọ alaka na-enweghị ụgbụgbọ osisi, na okpokoro dị mma. Nchịkọta nke ihe owuwu na-eme nke a site n'ịmepụta ma ọ bụ ịnọgide na-enwe onye ndu na-achịkwa, mata alaka ndị dị ala n'elu okpokoro ahụ, gbochie alaka ndị dị n'okpuru okpokoro na-adịgide adịgide ito eto nke ukwuu, na-edebe alaka niile na-erughị otu ọkara n'obosara okpokoro, oghere isi alaka ndị dị na otu ogwe osisi na-achị achị, ma na-egbochi uto na alaka ndị nwere ụgbụgbọ osisi. [7]
Ịkpụchasị ndị nọ n'okpuru
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-eme ka ọ dị n'okpuru na aka na aka nke ga-agafe pasentị 50% nke obosara ogwe. Enwere ike ime mbelata ma ka na-enye ohere ihe dị ka 50% nke alaka ahụ. A na-eme nke a iji nyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọdịdị ma gbochie nhazi nke ndị isi na-achịkwa. Alaka ndị na-adịru nwa oge nwere ike ịdị ukwuu maka iwepụ ya mere a ga-eme ka ọ dị n'okpuru iji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata otu alaka site na 50% kwa afọ iji kwe ka osisi ahụ gwọọ nke ọma site na ọkpụkpụ ahụ. Ka osisi na-ebuwanye ibu ka ọ na-eto nwayọọ. Mbelata aka ndị buru ibu maka iwepụ ga-eme ka osisi ahụ kwalite uto ọhụrụ karịa iji ike gbaa aka ndị a na-achọghị ume ka ha gaa n'ihu na-eto. Iwepụ nnukwu alaka na-eme ka o yikarịrị ka ọkpụkpụ ahụ ghara ịgwọ nke ọma nke nwekwara ike ịdọta ụmụ ahụhụ, ọrịa na fungus. [7] [8]
Ịdị arọ nke okpueze
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmetụta nke okpueze bụ iwepụ alaka ndị dị ndụ nke na-eme ka ìhè banye, ikuku na-agagharị ma na-ebelata nguzogide ifufe nke na-ebepụ ihe ize ndụ sitere na mmebi na ohere nke nje. [9]
Ibuli okpueze
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ibuli okpueze na-agụnye iwepụ alaka ndị dị ala ruo n'ogo e nyere. A na-enweta ịdị elu site na iwepụ alaka dum ma ọ bụ iwepụ akụkụ nke alaka ndị na-agbasa n'okpuru ịdị elu achọrọ. A naghị ebuli alaka osisi ahụ elu karịa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ịdị elu ya.
A na-ebuli okpueze maka ịbanye; ndị a bụ ndị na-aga ije, ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ohere maka ụlọ na oche okporo ámá. Ibuli okpueze ahụ ga-eme ka okporo ụzọ na ndị na-agafe agafe gafee n'okpuru ya n'enweghị nsogbu. A na-ejikarị usoro ịkpụchasị a eme ihe n'obodo ukwu dịka ọ bụ maka nchekwa ọha na eze na ịma mma karịa ụdị osisi na uru osisi.
Ibuli okpueze na-ewebata ìhè n'akụkụ ala nke ogwe osisi; nke a, n'ụdị ụfọdụ nwere ike ịkwalite uto epicormic site na buds na-ehi ụra. Iji belata nke a, a na-ahapụ obere alaka n'akụkụ ala nke ogwe osisi ahụ. Iwepụ alaka ndị dị n'okpuru nwere ike iwepụ ịdị arọ nke okpokoro, nke a ga-eme ka osisi ahụ dị arọ, ya mere na-agbakwunye nrụgide na osisi ahụ. Mgbe ewepụrụ alaka n'osisi ahụ, ọ na-emepụta nnukwu ọnyá. Ọnyá a nwere ike ibute ọrịa na ire ure, ma nwee ike ibute mbelata nkwụsi ike nke ogwe. Ya mere, a ghaghị iwere oge na nchebara echiche dị ukwuu mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ịdị elu nke okpueze ahụ ga-ebuli.
Nke a ga-abụ ọrụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma ọ bụrụ na ụdị osisi ahụ bụ nke osisi. Ya mere, nke a ga-ewepụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ osisi ahụ ma mee ka osisi ahụ ghara ịdị mma. A gaghị eme usoro a ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ na-ada ada, ahụike na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nwụọ, na-anwụ ma ọ bụ dị ize ndụ (DDD) dịka ọrụ ahụ ga-ewepụ ụfọdụ n'ime ebe photosynthetic osisi ahụ na'ọrụ. Nke a ga-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi ahụ na-ebelata ma nwee ike ibute ọnwụ.
Ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ dị oke mkpa maka mpaghara ma ọ bụ obodo, (ya bụ, onye agha ma ọ bụ oge ochie) mgbe ahụ, ihe ngwọta ọzọ maka ibuli okpueze ga-abụ ịkwaga ihe a chọrọ ma ọ bụ ihe ka ọ ghara ịdị nso. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịmegharị ụzọ ụkwụ gburugburu akara mmiri nke osisi ka ọ ghara ịdị mkpa ka e bulie okpueze. Ihe ngwọta ọzọ ga-abụ ịkwado ma ọ bụ ijide alaka dị ala. Nke a bụ ihe ngwọta na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi. [10]
Nchịkọta ihe a na-ahụ anya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Họrọ ịkpụcha windo n'osisi.
Mbelata okpueze
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mbelata ịdị elu na ma ọ bụ ịgbasa osisi site na ịhọrọ ịkpụ azụ na obere alaka na osisi mkpụrụ osisi maka ịbawanye mgbochi ọkụ na ịkwalite àgwà mkpụrụ osisi.
Pollarding
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị a na-ahụkarị nke ịkpụchasị ebe a na-ebipụ ụdị ụfọdụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'isi pollard kwa afọ n'oge ụra. A na-amalite omume a n'osisi ndị na-eto eto ka ha wee nwee ike ime mgbanwe na obi ọjọọ nke omume ahụ. Enwere ike iji omume a mee ihe maka ịkpụzi osisi mana a na-ejikwa ya mee ihe na ụdị osisi ụfọdụ nke a pụrụ ire alaka ndị na-eto eto maka nhazi okooko osisi.
Ịchụpụ isi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Deadheading bụ omume nke iwepụ okooko osisi ma ọ bụ okooko osisi maka ịma mma, iji gbatịkwuo okooko ruo ọtụtụ izu ma ọ bụ kwalite ịmaliteghachi, ma ọ bụ iji gbochie Ịgha mkpụrụ.
Oge
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pruning_of_trees_in_Chandigarh.jpg/220px-Pruning_of_trees_in_Chandigarh.jpg)
N'ozuzu, ịkwachaa nkụ na obere alaka nwere ike ime n'oge ọ bụla n'afọ. Dabere na ụdị dị iche iche, a na-akụ ọtụtụ osisi na-ekpo ọkụ ma n'oge ezumike n'oge oyi, ma ọ bụ, maka ụdị ebe oyi oyi nwere ike imerụ osisi a kụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mgbe okooko gwụchara. Na temperate ebe ugwu hemisphere mgbụsị akwụkwọ kwachaa kwesịrị ẹse, dị ka spores nke ọrịa na ire ere dịkwa ka usoro ha dị ukwuu n'oge a n'afọ.
Ụfọdụ osisi osisi na-agbapụta ọbara nke ukwuu site na mbelata, dị ka mesquite na maple. Ụfọdụ na-akpọku nwayọọ nwayọọ, dị ka magnolia. N'okwu a, a na-akụ ha nke ọma n'oge uto na-arụsi ọrụ ike mgbe ha nwere ike ịgwọta ngwa ngwa. Osisi osisi ndị na-akụ n'isi n'oge, na spurs na-etolite n'osisi toro eto n'afọ gara aga, dị ka apụl, kwesịrị ịkwachaa ozugbo okooko ya dị ka ịkwachaa ya ga-achụ ifuru n'oge na-esote. Forsythia, azaleas na lilacs niile dabara na ngalaba a.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
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- ↑ McKenzie. "Trees Need a Proper Start – Prune Them Right". Purdue University.
- ↑ Fraedrich, Bruce. “Structural Pruning of Young Trees.” Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Technical Report.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tree Fruit Production Guide. tfpg.cas.psu.edu. Retrieved on 20 December 2017. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "pruningfruittrees" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Raising - Pruning - Landscape plants - Edward F. Gilman - UF/IFAS. hort.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved on 2024-05-28.
- ↑ Reducing - Pruning - Landscape plants - Edward F. Gilman - UF/IFAS. hort.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved on 2024-05-28.
- ↑ Removal of dead wood - Nelson's Tree Services. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved on 20 December 2017.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gilman (2008-01-24). "Chapter 12 — Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Young Trees". EDIS 2008 (1). DOI:10.32473/edis-ep315-2007. ISSN 2576-0009. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Gilman (2012). An illustrated guide to pruning, 3rd, Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. ISBN 978-1-111-30730-1.
- ↑ Crown Reduction - Nelson's Tree Services. Retrieved on 20 December 2017.
- ↑ Smiley, E, and Bruce Fraedrich. “Pruning Standard to Maintain Landscape Trees.” Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Technical Report.