Ịpụ n'Ịda Ogbenye
Ịpụ na ịda ogbenye bụ ọrụ nke ụlọ akụ ụwa na-akwado, yana usoro akwụkwọ anọ na-akọwa nsonaazụ nke ọrụ ahụ, nke na-achọ ịghọta otú ndị mmadụ si ebili nrịgo site na ịda ogbenye na ọganihu, na otú ha nwere ike isi daa azụ n'ime ya. ịda ogbenye. nyocha ntule gafere karịa obodo 500 na mba 15 maka otu na ihe kpatara ndị ogbenye ji pụọ na ịda ogbenye. Emere usoro a na 2007 n'okpuru nduzi nchịkọta akụkọ nke Deepa Narayan . [1] [2] [3] [4] Ndị ọzọ na-ede akwụkwọ na usoro gụnyere Patti Petesch, Lant Pritchett, na Soumya Kapoor . Akwụkwọ niile dị n'ịntanetị dị ka PDF na ebe nchekwa ihe ọmụma mepere emepe . [1]
Mbipụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Akwụkwọ anọ dị n'usoro bụ: [1]
- Mpịakọta 1. Echiche Cross-Disciplinary na Mobility nke Deepa Narayan na Patti Petesch, 2007.
- Mpịakọta 2. Ihe ịga nke ọma sitere na ala nke Deepa Narayan, Lant Pritchett, na Soumya Kapoor, 2009. Nke a bụ akwụkwọ kacha mkpa n'usoro isiokwu a.
- Mpịakọta 3. Nkwa nke ikike na ochichi onye kwuo uche na India site na Deepa Narayan, 2009.
- Mpịakọta 4. Na-ebili site na ntụ nke esemokwu nke Deepa Narayan na Patti Petesch, 2010.
ndetu nka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụlọ akụ mba ụwa ebipụtala akwụkwọ ndekọ aha zuru ezu maka ọrụ ahụ iji gbakwunye nkọwa qualitative dị n'akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. [2]
Nleba anya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụlọ akụ mba ụwa ebipụtala nkenke nkọwa. [5]
Isi ihe nchoputa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka onye nleba anya Duncan Green si kwuo, ihe ndị a bụ isi nchoputa nke ọmụmụ: [6]
- Ndị ogbenye na-etinye ahịrị ịda ogbenye n'ogo dị nso na ọnụ ụzọ $2/ụbọchị maka ego ha na-enweta n'ịzụta ikike ikike karịa ka ọnụ ụzọ $1/ụbọchị ejiri na ọtụtụ nyocha agụmakwụkwọ nke oke ịda ogbenye.
- Echiche nke Oscar Lewis banyere omenala ịda ogbenye bụ nke na-egosi na ndị ogbenye na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ndị nwere nchekwube, na-achọsi ike maka ọdịnihu dị mma, na ịmara ihe ize ndụ nke àgwà ọjọọ dị ka ịṅụ mmanya na ọgwụ ọjọọ.
- Ịda ogbenye bụ ọnọdụ/ahụmahụ, ọ bụghị àgwà na-adịgide adịgide.
- Ike nke ime na obi ike na mmadụ nwere ike isi na ịda ogbenye pụta na-abụkarị nzọụkwụ mbụ na ngbanwe na-aga nke ọma na ịda ogbenye.
- Ndị ogbenye na-eche nhọrọ akụ na ụba dị ole na ole ihu karịa ndị ọgaranya, nke a bụkwa nnukwu ihe mgbochi na-egbochi ha ịpụ na ịda ogbenye.
- Microcredit naanị anaghị enyere ọtụtụ mmadụ aka ịhapụ ịda ogbenye. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike inye aka mgbe ejikọtara ya na ezigbo akụrụngwa mpaghara.
- Ọchịchị ime obodo na-anabatawanye nke ọma na-eduga na ahụike na ịdị ọcha dị mma nke mpaghara.
- Imekọ ihe ọnụ nwere ike inyere ndị ogbenye aka ịnagide ma ọ dịghị eme ka ha pụọ na ịda ogbenye n'ihi na, ọbụna na-ejikọta ọnụ, ha enweghị nnukwu akụ na ụba.
nnabata[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Deepa Narayan dere op-ed na The New York Times ụlọ na nchoputa na ọmụmụ a kọrọ n'akwụkwọ. [7]
Duncan Green nyochaa usoro akwụkwọ na blọọgụ ya maka Oxfam, na-akpọ ya ihe ọmụmụ mega pụtara ìhè. [6]
Onye bụbu onye isi ala United States Bill Clinton kpọrọ usoro isiokwu a “ihe enyemaka dị mkpa maka onye ọ bụla na-agba mbọ ibelata ịda ogbenye.” [3]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Voices of the Poor, 1990s nnyocha nke World Bank banyere statics nke ịda ogbenye. Ịpụ na ịda ogbenye mere onwe ya dị iche na olu ndị ogbenye n'ihi na ọ lekwasịrị anya na mgbanwe nke ịpụ na (na ịdaba n'ime ịda ogbenye), ọ bụkwa ihe ọmụmụ ogologo oge kama ịse foto n'oge.
- Project Priorities Control ọrịa
- Deepa Narayan, Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, Ịpụ na ịda ogbenye
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
ike isi daa azụ n'ime ya. ịda ogbenye. nyocha ntule gafere karịa obodo 500 na mba 15 maka otu na ihe kpatara ndị ogbenye ji pụọ na ịda
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Moving Out of Poverty. Open Knowledge Repository (2007–2009). Retrieved on March 26, 2014."Moving Out of Poverty". Open Knowledge Repository. 2007–2009. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Narayan. Moving Up and Out of Poverty: Countries, Communities, and Individuals. World Bank. Retrieved on March 26, 2014.Narayan, Deepa; Pritchett, Lant; Kapoor, Soumya. "Moving Up and Out of Poverty: Countries, Communities, and Individuals". World Bank. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Moving Out of Poverty, Volume 2 Success from the Bottom Up. Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved on March 26, 2014."Moving Out of Poverty, Volume 2 Success from the Bottom Up". Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- ↑ Narayan. Publications. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved on March 26, 2014.
- ↑ The moving out of poverty study: an overview. Understanding poverty by consulting with the poor: the World Bank's Moving Out of Poverty study. World Bank (2009). Retrieved on March 26, 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Green (March 18, 2009). 'Moving Out of Poverty': Outstanding new mega-study from the World Bank. From Poverty to Power (Oxfam blog). Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved on March 26, 2014.Green, Duncan (March 18, 2009). . From Poverty to Power (Oxfam blog). Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- ↑ Narayan. "Poverty’s Two-Way Street", The New York Times, May 26, 2009. Retrieved on March 26, 2014.