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Ịrịọ arịrịọ

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A na-etinye ihe mkpuchi site na iji mkpịsị aka

Mkpesa ma ọ bụ plashing bụ usoro nke ijikọ alaka ndị dị ndụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ site na ogige na-emepụta ngere, ogige ma ọ bụ lattices.[1] A na-akụ osisi n'ahịrị, a na-ejikọta alaka ya ọnụ iji wusie ike ma mejupụta ebe ọ bụla na-adịghị ike ruo mgbe ogige ahụ tolitere.[2]. Alaka ndị dị nso nwere ike itokọ ọnụ, n'ihi ihe okike a na-akpọ inosculation, ihe aka eke. Pleach pụtakwara ịkwa osisi ndị dị gịrịgịrị, whippy iji mepụta mmetụta nkata.[1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Allée nke osisi lime na Arley HallỤlọ Nzukọ Arley

Mkpesa ma ọ bụ plashing (nke bụ okwu mmalite)[4] bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ubi site na njedebe oge ochie ruo na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, iji mepụta ụzọ ndo, ma ọ bụ iji mepụta mgbidi dị ndụ site na osisi ma ọ bụ osisi. [1] A na-eji osisi ndị na-eto eto na-akụkarị n'ahịrị. A na-egbutu ihe mkpuchi ahụ n'ime ụgbọ elu dị larịị na-ewepụ alaka ndị dị ala na-ahapụ alaka ndị dị n'okpuru anya. [1] Ndị ọrụ ugbo Europe rụpụtara ọrụ a bụ ndị ji ya mee ka ahịrị ogige ha dịkwuo nchebe.[5] Julius Caesar (ihe dị ka 60 BC) na-ekwu na ebo Gallic nke Nervii ji plashing mee ihe mgbochi nchebe megide ndị agha ịnyịnya.[2]

N'ebe a na-adọba ogige, enwere ike iji usoro a mee ka mma ma ọ bụ megharịa ogige ngwa ngwa iji mepụta ihe mgbochi siri ike, nke na-enweghị ike ime ka ọ dị mma maka ichichi anụmanụ. Ọ na-eme ka akụkụ ala nke ogige ahụ sie ike ma sie ike, a na-eme ya na omenala kwa afọ ole na ole.[7][8] A na-egbutu osisi osisi ndị dị n'ogige ahụ ruo n'etiti ma ọ bụ karịa, wee hulata ma kechie ya. Osisi ndị ahụ na-eto ngwa ngwa, na-akpụ ihe mgbochi n'ogologo ya dum.

N'ime ime ogige, otu usoro ahụ ewepụtala ọtụtụ ihe owuwu, [9] ije ndò nke ọma na ihe niile. A hụbeghị nke a nke ukwuu na mpaghara ndị America, ebe ịchọ mma na-arụsi ọrụ ike abụghị akụkụ nke ịkọ ugbo: "N'ihi oge a chọrọ iji lekọta ndị obi ụtọ," Donald Wyman kwuru, [10] "ha na-adịkarị obere oge. na ubi ndị America, mana a na-ahụkarị na Europe. "[3]

Mgbe nkeji iri na ise nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ gasịrị, usoro ahụ laghachiri n'ogige kichin, okwu ahụ wee pụọ n'iji Bekee eme ihe, ruo mgbe Sir Walter Scott weghachiri ya maka agba mpaghara, na The Fortunes of Nigel (1822). [4] Mgbe etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu gasịrị, ndị nwe ala England na-akụkwa ụzọ ọzọ, na-emekarị ka ọ na-ekpuchi ụzọ ndị na-agafe agafe, mana mgbe ụfọdụ, ụzọ ndị na'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ nke limes, dị ka Rowland Egerton na Arley Hall, Cheshire, nke na-adị ndụ n'ụdị a na-achịkwa nke ọma.[5]

Na Much Ado About Nothing, Antonio na-akọ (I.ii.8ff) na Prince na Count Claudio nọ "na-eje ije n'okporo ụzọ dị arọ n'ogige m. " A na-akpọ ụdị osisi mkpụrụ osisi dị otú ahụ na-eguzo n'efu mgbe ụfọdụ "Belgian fence": osisi mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto a na-egbutu na mpempe akwụkwọ anọ ma ọ bụ isii dị ka Y, na candelabra-ụdị eser a na-akpọ palmettepali, a na-akụ ya na nso, ihe dị ka mita abụọ na-ejikọta alaka ha na-agbakọta ọnụ iji mee ka nkwonkwo na-etolite.[6]

A na-ejikarị osisi ndị dị nro dị ka limewood ma ọ bụ osisi linden, ma ọ bụ hornbeams eme ihe na pleaching. Ogige Queen, Kew, nke e debere na 1969 iji gbakwunye ihe owuwu Anglo-Dutch nke Kew PAla nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa.[7] Ogwe osisi dị nro nke dị ihe dị ka mita atọ n'ịdị elu bụ akụkụ nke ogige obodo a kụrụ ọzọ na Rubens House, Antwerp, nke e mepụtara site na ihe osise Rubens The Walk in the Garden na ihe osisa nke narị afọ nke iri na asaa.[8]

N'ogige André Le Nôtre na ndị na-eso ụzọ ya, ịrịọ arịrịọ na-eme ka a hụ ụzọ ndị na-aga n'ihu n'ime ọhịa dị ọcha. Na Studley Royal, Yorkshire, a malitere ịmegharị okporo ụzọ ahụ ọzọ, dị ka nnwale na mweghachi, na 1972.[9]

Ịrịọ arịrịọ n'ihe osise

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A na-eji okwu pleach akọwa ụdị nka nke ịkpụzi osisi ma ọ bụ otu n'ime usoro nke ịkpkpụzi osisi. [10][11] Pleaching na-akọwa ịkpa alaka n'ime ụlọ, oche, ubube na ọtụtụ ụdị nka 3D ndị ọzọ. Ihe atụ nke ihe owuwu ndị dị ndụ gụnyere oche red alder nke Richard Reames na ụlọ elu sycamore nke Axel Erlandson.[12] E nwekwara echiche echiche dị ka Fab Tree Hab.[13]

Hụkwa

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  • Akụkọ ndị ọzọ
  • Espalier
  • Quincunx
  • Ịkpụzi osisi

Ihe edeturu

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  1. ↑ Seymour (1984). The Forgotten Arts A practical guide to traditional skills. page 53: Angus & Robertson Publishers, 192. ISBN 0-207-15007-9. 
  2. ↑ Caesar (1955). The Gallic Wars, translated by John Warrington, 228. 
  3. ↑ Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia 1971: "Pleach".
  4. ↑ The Fortunes of Nigel, ch. x, noted by Paul Roberts, 'Sir Walter Scott's Contributions to the English Vocabulary" PMLA 68.1 (March 1953, pp. 189-210) p 196.
  5. ↑ Charles Foster, "The History of the Gardens at Arley Hall, Cheshire" Garden History 24.2 (Winter 1996), pp. 255-271. p 265 and 266:fig 10.
  6. ↑ Eleanor Perenyi, Green Thoughts: A Writer in the Garden (New York) 1981 pp 24-25.
  7. ↑ Quarterly Newsletter (Garden History Society) No. 10 (Summer 1969), pp. 8-10.
  8. ↑ Anne Kendal, "The Garden of Rubens House, Antwerp"Garden History 5.2 (Summer 1977, pp 27-29), p.28.
  9. ↑ Ken Lemmon, "Restoration Work at Studley Royal" Garden History 1.1 (September 1972, pp. 22-23) p. 22.
  10. ↑ Article Title: Art Eco, Photographer Deborah Johansen California Living, SF Sun. Examiner and Chronicle 14 Nov 1980
  11. ↑ Article Title: The Tree Circus, Writer: Fredric Hobbs, San Francisco Sunday Examiner and Chronicle, 23 Nov 1980
  12. ↑ Mentgen (2000). GROW ON TREES The Complete Guide to Starting Your Own Profitable Tree Farm Includes Production, Maintenance and Marketing.. United States of America.: TLC Publishing, 120. ISBN 1-929709-03-X. 
  13. ↑ Article Title: Nature's Home, books, Princeton Architectural Press, July 2005
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