Ịsi unere

unere na-isi nri [1] bụ otu ụdị unere na-atọ ụtọ n'ụdị Musa nke a na-eme ihe na-esi asụsụ. A naghị eri ha na-esighị esi ma na-enwekarị starchy.[2] A na-akpọ ọtụtụ unere nri dị ka plantain (/ˈplæntɪn/, /plænˈteɪn/ , /ˈplɑːntɪn / ) ma ọ bụ 'unere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ'.[3] N'ezi osisi eme ihe, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "plantain" eme ihe ikike maka ezigbo plantain, ebe a na-akpọ ụdị starch ndị ọzọ a na-esi nri "banana na-esi". Ezigbo osisi bụ ụdị nri nke otu AAB, ebe unere na-esi nri bụ ụdị nri ọla nke otu A AB, AAA, ABB, ma ọ bụ BBB. Aha mgbasa a nabatara ugbu a maka ụdị osisi ndị niile n'ìgwè ndị a bụ Musa × paradisiaca . [4] A na-erikarị unere Fe'i (Musa × troglodytarum) sitere na Pacific Islands ka a na-esi ya esi ma ọ bụ sie ya esi, a na-akpọkwa ya "plantain", mana ha emepụta nke ụdị ọ blula. nke osisi unere niile nke oge a sitere na ya.

Unere bụ isi nri dị na West na Central Africa, nchọpụta Caribbean, Central America, na ugwu South America.[1] Ndị otu Musa bụ ụmụ amaala mpaghara nke Ndịda Ọwụwa ntọala Eshia na Oceania. [2] osisi osisi unere na-amịpụta n'afọ niile, na-eme ka ha bụrụ nri arịfụ na ya n'oge niile.^[1]

A na-emeso unere na-esi nri dị ka mkpụrụ osisi starch nwere ụtọ na-adịghị mma na ọdịdị dị nro mgbe a na-esi ya. Enwere ike iri unere na-esighị esi; Otú ọ dị, a na-ejikarị ha esi nri, sie ha, ma ọ bụ mee ha ntụ ọka ma ọ bụ ntụ ọka.^[2]

Nkọwa

^[3] Plantain nwere starch na shuga dị ala ụfọdụ unere nri, n'ihi ya, a na-esikarị ha esi ma ọ bụ na-edozi ha n'ụzọ ọzọ tupu a rie ha. A na-esikarị ha esi ma ọ bụ sie ha mgbe a na-eri ha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mgbe a na'usoro, a iron ime ha ka ha ntụ ọka ma ọ ka ha ihe ndị e mere ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya. na pancakes. A isi plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma mee ka ọ dị ọcha ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ofe sie ike.[1] osisi osisi plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-esikarị ike, na akpụkpọ ahụ na-esokarị ike nke na a ga-eji mma bepụ ya iji die ya.

Enwere ike ịkpụcha plantain ndị tozuru etozu, ndị na-acha odo odo dị ka unere nri; anụ ahụ dị nro karịa nke na-eto eto, mkpụrụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ụfọdụ n'ime starch agbanweela shuga. Enwere ike iri ha na-esighị esi, mana ha anaghị adị ụtọ dị ka unere, yabụ a na-esikarị ha esi. Mgbe a na-esi plantain na-acha odo odo, ha na-enwekarị caramelize, na-agbanwe ụcha ọla edo na-acha nchara nchara. A pụkwara isi ha, sie ha, mee ha ka ha sie ha, ma ọ bụ sie ha n'elu icheku ọkụ, ma ọ bụrụ na a pịrị ha ma ọ bụ na-enweghị akpụ ha.^[4]

Plantain bụ nri a ma ama na mpaghara okpomọkụ nke ụwa, na-abụ nri nke iri kachasị mkpa n'ụwa.^[5] Dị ka ihe oriri, a na-emeso plantain n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka poteto, na-enwe ụtọ na ọdịdị na-anọpụ iche mgbe a na-esi mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-esighị ike site na ịṅụ mmiri, isi, ma ọ bụ isi nri.^[4]

Ebe ọ bụ na ha na-amị amị n'afọ niile, plantain bụ nri a nri na ya, na Mba ndị na-emepe nche na- nchekwa nri zuru oke, nchekwa, na njem njem. N'Africa, plantain na unere na-enye ihe nsogbu 25 nke calorie nke mkpa maka ihe mkpa nde mmadụ 70. [1] Ubi osisi plantain nwere ike ibibi site na ifufe, n'ihi na Musa spp. Ụdị ifufe nke ọma.^[6]

Plantain nkezi na-enye ihe dị ka 920 kilojoules (220 kilocalories) nke Ike nri ma bụrụ ezigbo isi iyi nke potassium na eriri nri.[1] osisi ahụ, yana osisi ahụ dum, nwere ike ike uwe na aka, ọ àmà isi ike ike ya.^[7]

Nchịkọta

Linnaeus na mbụ kewara unere n'ụdị abụọ iche na ojiji ha dị ka nri: Musa paradisiaca maka unere na Musa sapientum maka unere nri. A maara ha abụọ a dị ka akwụkwọ n'etiti ụdị Musa acuminata (A genome) na Musa balbisiana (B genome). A na-eji aha mbụ ebụ, Musa × paradisiaca, eme ihe ugbu a dị ka aha ihe àmà maka niile dị otú ahụ. Ọtụtụ plantain nke oge a bụ triploids na-amị mkpụrụ mmetụta nke AAB Group, mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka "Plantain group". Ìgwè unere ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na-eri nri unere nke East African Highland (Mutika / Lujugira subgroup) nke AAA Group na plantain nke Pacific (gụnyere Popoulo, Maoli, na Iholena subgroups), nke AAB Group..^[8]

Na Honduras, Venezuela na Central Colombia, a na-akpọ plantain e siri esi tajadas. Ha bụ omenala n'ọtụtụ nri, dị ka pabellón criollo nke Venezuela. Onye na-elekọta ma ọ bụ onye na-ere nri nri ike inye ha dị ka barandas (ama ụzọ okporo ụzọ ndị nche), n'asụsụ, ebe ọ bụ na a na-etinye ogologo akwụkwọ n'ụdị zuru ezu, ya mere ọ dị ka nke a. Mgbanwe ụfọdụ na-agụnye akụkụ ma ọ bụ shuga ma sie ya na bọta, iji nweta caramel ola edo; egwuregwu ya nwere mmasị na dị ụtọ. A mara otu ahụ ahụ dị ka amarillos na fritos maduros na Puerto Rico, Cuba, na Dominican Republic. Na Panama, a na-eri tajadas kwa ụbọchị na osikapa, anụ na agwa, si otú a bụrụ mkpa nke nri nri Panama, dịka ọ dị na Honduras. N'ụzọ dị iche, na Nicaragua, a na-esi tajadas esi na- isi, a na' ike ya na fritanga, na anụ ezị e siri esi ma ọ bụ carne asada, ma ọ bụ n'onwe ha na akwụkwọ unere. akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ma ọ bụrụ na salad cabbage ma ọ bụ cheese ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ Nri e siri esi.

Na Puerto Rico, a na-enye plantain e siri esi n ụzọ nri iche iche dị ka dị n'ụdị, nri ngwa ngwa, na nri bụ isi. Nhọrọ ọzọ maka tostones bụ arañitas (obere udo). Aha ahụ sitere na mpempe akwụkwọ plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na odo odo nke na-eme ka obere ụkwụ na-eke na friji n'onwe ya, nke na-emesị yie udo dị nro na efere. Alcapurrias bụ nri na-atọ ụtọ nke nwere ntụ ọka masa nke e ji unere na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, yautía, jiri ngwaọrụ, annatto mee ka ọ dị ụtọ ma tinye ya na picadillo. Alcaparrado de plátano nwere plantain ọzọ ozire na masa. Mofongo bụ nri nri n'anya n'ịtọetiti ahụ na-eme emume ederede na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime nri mkpa mkpa na Puerto Ricos. A na-esi plantain otu ugboro ma jiri galik, ozi (butter, akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ isiokwu oliv), Chicharrón ma ọ bụ becon, ma mee ka ọ bụrụ b ma rie ya na anụ ndị ọzọ, ofe, akwụkwọ nri ma ọ bụ naanị ya. pionono nke Puerto Rican bụ nri na-atọ ụtọ ma na-atọ ụtọ nke e ji akwụkwọ nke plantain na-acha odo odo, cheese, picadillo, na-ama njikọ akụ mee. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ iko plantain na-atọ ụtọ nke e ji cheese, anụ ehi a gwa agwa agwakọta na ihe na-eme ka mmetụta dị nro. Ralleno de plátano bụ nri na-atọ ụtọ nke papa rellena na-ewu ewu n'okporo ụzọ ámá na cuchifritos.

Na Puerto Rico, a na-eme mofongo site n'iji chicharrón ma ọ bụ becon, galik, mkpụrụ oliv na-akpa plantain e ghere eghe n'ime ụrọ. A anụ anụ ọ lụlụ, azụ, shellfish, akwụkwọ nri, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, ma ọ bụ ịgụ. A na-ahụ ahụ ahụ n'ime cylinders nke dị ihe dị ka aka abụọ ma rie ya na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ihe brọsh ọkụkọ. A na-etinye Mofongo relleno na sauce creole n'elu ya kama iji broth ọkụkọ. Creole sauce nwere ike ike anụ ehi, ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ nri mmiri; a na-awụnye ya n'ime oghere dị n'etiti, nke e ji spoon mee, na mofongo. A na- nsogbu na yautias na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ndụ masa, ihe a na-eme eme nri dịka alcapurria, nke bụ ụdị friji na-atọ ụtọ.. ^{[citation needed]}

Fufu de platano bụ nri ehihie ọdịnala na nke a ma ama na Cuba, ma yie nke Puerto Rican mofongo. Ọ bụ fufu a na-eme site n'isi plantain na mmiri ma jiri ndụdụ sie ya. A na-agwakọta fufu na anụ ọkụkọ na sofrito, ofe e ji ụzọ, galik, yabasị, ose, tomato, mmanya na cumin mee. yiri nke Cuban fufu mofongo a na-eri na Puerto Rico, mana a naghị eme ya ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ sie ya. Fufu bụkwa nri nri a na-ama ekiri ọtụtụ awụ nke a na-eme na Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon na mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda sere na Central Africa. A na-eme ya n'ụzọ yiri nke Cuban fufu, mana a na-akụrụ ya, ma nwee ihe siri ike, bụrụ nke yiri putty nke a na-emezi ka ọ gbalụ. A na-eji akpu, yam ma ọ bụ plantain dinta ya na akpu eme fufu n'Ebe Ọdịda onye Afrịka.. ^{[citation needed]}

Nri ndị ọzọ

Ọ bụ ezie na unere na-esi nri bụ starchier ma na-ejikarị ya eme nri na-atọ ụtọ n'ihi ya, ọtụtụ nri na-esi ísì ụtọ na Philippines na-ejikwa unere na nri dị ka isi ihe, dị ka:

Banana cue - unere saba siri ike nke e ji shuga caramelized kpuchie.
Binignit - ofe nri na-atọ ụtọ nke osikapa na mmiri ara akị bekee na unere saba dị ka otu n'ime isi ihe ndị e ji mee.
Ginanggang - unere saba e siri esi nke e ji margarine na shuga kpuchie.
Maruya - unere na-atọ ụtọ nke e ji unere saba na batter mee.
Minatamis na saging - unere saba a na-esi n'ime mmiri na-atọ ụtọ. A naghị eri ya naanị ya, mana a na-eji ya eme ihe na nri ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị halo.
Pritong saging - unere saba siri ike.
Pinasugbo - unere a pịrị apị nke e ji shuga na mkpụrụ sesame kpuchie ma sie ya ruo mgbe ọ ga-abụ.
Saba con hielo - ihe oriri ice a kpụrụ akpụ nke na-ejikarị Minatamis na saging na mmiri ara ehi.
Turon - ụdị nri na-atọ ụtọ lumpia (mkpịsị akwụkwọ) nke e ji unere saba chara acha mee nke a na-ekpuchi na crepe dị nro ma sie ya. ^{[citation needed]}

Mgbe ndụchara akpụkpọ ahụ, ekiri ike ike mfe osisi ahụ na-esighị ike ma sie ya n'ime ọkụ iji mgba chips. A maara ụgbọ a dị nro nke plantain dị ka tostones, patacones ma ọ bụ plataninas na ụfọdụ mba Central America na South America, platanutres na Puerto Rico, mariquitas ma ọ bụ Chicharritas na Cuba na chifles na Ecuador na Peru. Na Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Puerto Rico na Venezuela, tostones na-ezo aka na patties siri ike ugboro (lee n'okpuru). Na Cuba, a na-akpọ osisi osisi plantain mariquitas. A na-egbutu ha nke ọma, ma sie ha na-ekiri ruo mgbe ha na-acha ọla edo. Ha bụ nri na-ewu ewu a na-eri na nri bụ isi. Na Colombia, a mara ha dị ka platanites ma na-eri ha na suero atollabuey dị ka nri. Tostada na-ezo aka na plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, nke na-esighị ike nke e bepụrụ n'ụdị iche iche, sie ya, sie ya ọzọ, ma mee ka ọ dị nnu. A na-ihe tostadas ndị a eme ihe dị ka nri ma ọ bụ nri dị nro. A mmasị ha dị ka tostones ma ọ bụ patacones n'ọtụtụ mba Latin America. Na Honduras, a na-akpọ mmetụta osisi unere tajadas, nke a nwere ike ike mịcha n'ụzọ ọo-nne-nne a maara dị ka eriri plantain.. ^{[citation needed]}

Chips e siri esi na isiokwu akị bekee ma wụsa nnu, nke a na-akpọ upperi ma ọ bụ kaya varuthhu, bụ nri dị nro na South India na Kerala.[1] Ha bụ ihe dị mkpa na sadya, oriri na-eri akwụkwọ nri a ihere n'oge ego na Kerala. A na-akpọkarị chips "plantain chips" mgbe e ji plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mee ha nke na-atọ ụtọ, dị ka poteto chips. Na Tamil Nadu, a na-eji ụdị dị nro nke e ji osisi plantain na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ mee iji mee chips e ji nnu, chili ntụ na Asafetida mee. N'asụsụ egwuregwu / etiti India Marathi, a na-akpọ plantain Rajeli kela (nke ụdị "eze-sized" unere), a na-eme ya eme chips e siri esi. ^{[citation needed]}Templeeti:Comparison of major staple foods

Ihe na-adịghị anabata ya

Ọrịa plantain na unere na-eme na njirimara ndị a na-ahụkarị nke nri na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ọrịa mkpụrụ osisi latex, ^[9] ^[10] gụnyere ọnya na obere ọzịza nke egbugbere ọnụ, ire, ọnụ ma ọ bụ akpịrị, akpụkpọ ahụ, mkpesa afọ ma ọ bụ anaphylactic shock. N'etiti ihe karịrị 1000 protein achọpụta na ụdị Musa bụ ọtụtụ protein allergens akọwapụtara na mbụ.^[11]

Hụkwa

Ntuaka

↑ Pillay (2011). Banana Breeding: Progress and Challenges. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-0018-8. Retrieved on 2022-06-07.
↑ Plantain | Description, Uses, History, & Facts (en). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2021-10-03.
↑ Rodriguez (2020-03-25). The Right Way to Peel a Plantain (en). The Spruce Eats. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved on 2021-04-05.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Albert (2009-07-01). Plantains: Kitchen Basics (en-US). Harvest to Table. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved on 2021-04-05. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Pariona (2019-06-07). What Are the World's Most Important Staple Foods? (en-US). WorldAtlas. Retrieved on 2024-03-12.
↑ Morse (27 March 2013). Banana Tree Wind Damage (en). Home Guides | SF Gate. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved on 2021-04-05.
↑ La mancha de plátano (es). El Nuevo Dia (15 April 2011). Retrieved on 30 July 2019.
↑ Randy C. Ploetz (2007). "Banana and plantain – an overview with emphasis on the Pacific island cultivars". Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Retrieved on 5 June 2011.
↑ Brehler (1997). "'Latex-fruit syndrome': frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies". Allergy 52 (4): 404–10. DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01019.x. PMID 9188921.
↑ (2002) "The latex-fruit syndrome". Biochem Soc Trans 30 (6): 935–40. DOI:10.1042/bst0300935. PMID 12440950.
↑ (2013) "In-depth proteomic analysis of banana (Musa spp.) fruit with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries". Electrophoresis 34 (2): 207–14. DOI:10.1002/elps.201200389. PMID 23161558.

[Pillay_Tenkouano_2011_p._22-1] Pillay (2011). Banana Breeding: Progress and Challenges. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-0018-8. Retrieved on 2022-06-07.

[:22-2] Plantain | Description, Uses, History, & Facts (en). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2021-10-03.

[3] Rodriguez (2020-03-25). The Right Way to Peel a Plantain (en). The Spruce Eats. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved on 2021-04-05.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Albert (2009-07-01). Plantains: Kitchen Basics (en-US). Harvest to Table. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved on 2021-04-05. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[5] Pariona (2019-06-07). What Are the World's Most Important Staple Foods? (en-US). WorldAtlas. Retrieved on 2024-03-12.

[6] Morse (27 March 2013). Banana Tree Wind Damage (en). Home Guides | SF Gate. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved on 2021-04-05.

[El_Nuevo_Dia_2011-7] La mancha de plátano (es). El Nuevo Dia (15 April 2011). Retrieved on 30 July 2019.

[ploetz-8] Randy C. Ploetz (2007). "Banana and plantain – an overview with emphasis on the Pacific island cultivars". Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Retrieved on 5 June 2011.

[pmid9188921-9] Brehler (1997). "'Latex-fruit syndrome': frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies". Allergy 52 (4): 404–10. DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01019.x. PMID 9188921.

[10] (2002) "The latex-fruit syndrome". Biochem Soc Trans 30 (6): 935–40. DOI:10.1042/bst0300935. PMID 12440950.

[11] (2013) "In-depth proteomic analysis of banana (Musa spp.) fruit with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries". Electrophoresis 34 (2): 207–14. DOI:10.1002/elps.201200389. PMID 23161558.

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