Ọdịdị ala nke Botswana
Botswana bụ mba na-enweghị mmiri nke dị na akuku Ndịda Afrịka n'ebe ugwu Ndịda Afrịka . Botswana nwere mpaghara nke ọnụ Ọgụgụ dị ka 581,730 square (224,610 ), nke 566,730 km2 (218,820 sq mi) bụ ala. Botswana nwere ókèala nke ngụkọta ogologo 4,347.15 (2,701.19 ), nke ókèala ya na Namibia, maka 1,544 (959 ); Ndịda Afrịka 1,969 (1,223 mi); Zimbabwe, 834 (518 mi) na Zambia, 0.15 kilomita (0.093 mi). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na Botswana na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ anyanwụ dị elu n'afọ ọ bụla ọ bụ ezie na oge oyi bụ oge kachasị amụ anwụ. Mba ahụ dum na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eme uzuzu n'oge ọkọchị.[1]
Ọdịdị ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ala ahụ dị larịị ma ọ bụ ala dị larị iche, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụfọdụ obodo ugwu, ebe a na-egwupụta ihe. Ọzara Kalahari dị n'etiti na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Okavango Delta, otu n'ime nnukwute ala n'ụwa, dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na Makgadikgadi Pans, nnukwu nnu dị n'etiti ugwu. E guzobere Makgadikgadi dị ka ebe obibi mbụ maka mmadụ oge ochie; Nnukwu ala mmiri a nwere ọtụtụ nnukwu akụkụ, nke kachasị bụ Nwetwe Pan, Sua Pan na Nxai Pan.[2] Ebe kachasị ala na Botswana bụ na njikọ nke Osimiri Limpopo na Shashe, na ịdị elu nke 513 m (1,683 ). Ebe kachasị elu bụ Monalanong Hill, na 1,494 m (4,902 ). A na-ekewa mba ahụ n'ime mpaghara mmiri anọ, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihi ọdịdị ala kpọrọ nkụ:
- Osimiri Chobe n'ókè ya na Caprivi Strip nke Namibia tinyere obere ebe mara mma dị n'akụkụ ya bụ akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri Zambezi.
- ọtụtụ n'ime mpaghara ugwu na etiti nke mba ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri Okavango.
- akụkụ kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ na-adaba na ọdọ mmiri Limpopo.
- mpaghara ndịda na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, nke bụ ndị kasị kpọọ nkụ, na-agbanye mmiri site na osimiri Molopo n'akụkụ ókèala South Africa na osimiri Nossob site na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Kalahari Gemsbok, ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri nke Osimiri Orange. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime osimiri ndị a na-asọba ruo Orange, Otú ọ dị. (Ntinye ikpeazụ e dekọrọ bụ n'afọ 1880.)[3]
Ewezuga osimiri akpọrọ Chobe, Okavango, Boteti na Limpopo, ọtụtụ osimiri Botswana na-akwụsị ịba n'oge ọkọchị na oge mmiri ozuzo.
Ọnọdụ ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Botswana bụ ọkara mmiri ozuzo, n'ihi obere oge mmiri ozuzo. Otú ọ dị, ịdị elu nke mba ahụ na ọnọdụ kọntinent ya na-enye ya ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ. Mba ahụ dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ikuku na-ebu mmiri maka ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ. Oge ọkọchị na-adị site na onwa Eprel ruo na onwa Ọktoba n'ebe ndịda na Nọvemba n'ebe ugwu ebe, Otú ọ dị, mmiri ozuzo dị elu. Ndịda nke mba ahụ na-ahụkarị ikuku oyi n'oge oyi (mmalite ọnwa Mee ruo ngwụcha ọnwa Ọgọst) mgbe nkezi okpomọkụ dị gburugburu ọnụ Ọgụgụ dị ka 14 °C (57.2 ). Mba ahụ dum nwere oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nkezi okpomọkụ gburugburu ọnụ Ọgụgụ 26 °C (78.8 ). Ọnụ ọgụgụ anyanwụ dị elu n'afọ niile ọ bụ ezie na oge oyi bụ oge kachasị amụ anwụ. Mba ahụ dum na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eme uzuzu n'oge ọkọchị.[1]
| Climate data for Gaborone (Sir Seretse Khama Airport, 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39 (103) |
40 (104) |
39 (102) |
37 (98) |
33 (91) |
29 (84) |
28 (83) |
33 (91) |
39 (103) |
38 (100) |
40 (104) |
39 (103) |
40 (104) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.7 (90.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
29.1 (84.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
13 (55) |
11 (52) |
0 (32) |
−1 (30) |
−1 (30) |
−2 (28) |
0 (32) |
5 (41) |
7 (45) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
−2 (28) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 143 (5.6) |
82 (3.2) |
74 (2.9) |
30 (1.2) |
8.3 (0.33) |
7.5 (0.30) |
1 (0.0) |
0.9 (0.04) |
5.8 (0.23) |
5.8 (0.23) |
58 (2.3) |
71 (2.8) |
487.3 (19.13) |
| Average precipitation days | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 41 |
| Source 1: African Regional Climate Centre[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase (records)[5] | |||||||||||||
Ihe ize ndụ ndị sitere n'okike[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Oké ọkọchị na-emetụta Botswana site n'oge ruo n'oge, ikuku nke oge ọnwa Ọgọstụ na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-efe, na-ebu ájá na uzuzu, nke nwere ike ime ka a ghara ịhụ ya.
Gburugburu ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ugbu a na Botswana bụ nke akpọrọ ịtabiga nri ókè, ọzara na ịdị adị nke naanị obere mmiri dị ọcha.
Nnyocha sitere n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na omume a na-emekarị nke ịbabiga ehi iji merie ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ụkọ, na-eme gore gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mfe. Nnyocha nke mpaghara ahụ na-ebu amụma na ka ọ na-erule afọ iri abụọ na iri ise usoro nke obere ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ịghọ ọnwa iri na asatọ karịa afọ abụọ n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe.[6]
Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Botswana dị na otu n'ime nkwekọrịta mba ụwa ndị akpọrọ :Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Organization, Ozone Layer Protection and Wetlands.
Ihe ndị dị oke mkpa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke mkpa nke Botswana, ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu bụ ókèala ya na Zambia n'elu Osimiri Zambezi na Chobe District
- Ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Africa na Zimbabwe, Central District
- Ebe ndịda kacha ukwuu bụ Bokspits, Kgalagadi District
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ókèala ya na Namibia*
- Rịba ama: Botswana enweghị ebe ọdịda anyanwụ kachasị ka akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ bụ nke 22nd meridian nke longitude n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Greenwich.
Ndemsibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 General Survey of Climatology, Landsberg (ed.),Elsevier, 2001
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Makgadikgadi, Megalithic Portal, ed. A.Burnham
- ↑ Times Comprehensive Atlas, (2007), Times Books, London
- ↑ Precipitation and temperature reference climatologies: Seretse Khama International Airport. African Regional Climate Centre.
- ↑ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gaborone, Botswana. Weatherbase.
- ↑ Sub-Saharan Africa news in brief: 10–22 April 2008 – SciDev.