Ọdịdị pụrụ iche

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Unic (société anonyme des automobiles Unic)
Founded 1905
Defunct 1938 (last automobiles manufactured: continued as a manufacturer of commercial vehicles)



1952 (sold to Simca)
Headquarters
Puteaux, France
Key people
 Georges Richard (founder)



Baron Henri de Rothschild (main investor)
Products Automobiles



commercial vehicles
Ụgbọ ala na-adọba ụgbọala 1909

Unic bụ onye na-emepụta ụgbọala na France nke e guzobere na 1905, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị ka onye na-emepụta ụgbọala ruo July 1938.[1] Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n'ihu na-emepụta ụgbọala azụmahịa, na-ejigide nnwere onwe ya ruo afọ iri na anọ ọzọ tupu Henri Pigozzi azụta ya na 1952, onye chọsiri ike ịzụlite Unic dị ka akụkụ ụgbọ ala azụmahịa nke azụmahịa Simca na-aga nke ọma n'oge ahụ.

Mmalite ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Georges Richard guzobere Unic mgbe ọ hapụrụ Richard-Brasier. N'afọ 1905, Richard nwere nzukọ na onye ọchụnta ego Baron Henri de Rothschild ma nweta ego maka ịmepụta "société anonyme des automobiles Unic", nke dị na Puteaux.[2] Ebumnuche ya bụ imepụta ụgbọala "dị iche" (karịa ndị nkịtị), na mbido ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere naanị ụgbọala na tagzi dị mfe nwere injin abụọ na anọ.

Azụmaahịa tagzi ga-anọgide na-adị mkpa nye Unic ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ, ebe nkwado ego Rothschild na-aga n'ihu n'oge dị mma na nke ọjọọ, nyere nkwụsi ike nke kwadoro azụmahịa ahụ, n'ụzọ dị egwu n'oge afọ ndị na-esote agha.

Uto na ụdị dị iche iche[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-emepụta ihe na mbụ bụ naanị ụgbọ ala ndị dị mfe, ewu ewu ha dị ka tagzi dugara na mmepụta nke ụgbọala nnyefe na obere ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ.[3] 1943 cc 12 CV (9 kW) ụdị cylinder anọ (nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka tagzi) nwere ihe ịga nke ọma ma dịrị ndụ na mmepụta ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20. (E mechara gbasaa injin ahụ ruo 2120 cc.) N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, tagzi ndị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ rụrụ sonyere na ọrụ Marne. Mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, e nyere cylinder anọ ọhụrụ (1847 cc), tinyere tagzi.

Ụgbọala mbụ na ọnwụ onye guzobere ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1922, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara ụgbọala dị tọn atọ, nke a na-akpọ Unic MSC, nke gosipụtara mmalite nke mgbanwe gaa na mmepụta nke ụgbọala azụmahịa buru ibu. 1922 bụkwa afọ onye guzobere Unic, Georges Richard, nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-echere ịkwaga n'ụlọ ọgwụ Paris, na-esote ihe mberede ụgbọala na-aga Rouen.[3] Georges Dubois, onye na-ahụ maka nnwale ụgbọ ala, weghaara ọrụ maka azụmahịa ahụ.

Ụgbọala ndị njem n'afọ ndị 1920[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ime afọ 1920, a na-ere ụdị egwuregwu 1997 cc ma jiri engines valve mee ihe na ụdị ụfọdụ.

Ka ọ na-erule oge nke 19th Paris Motor Show, n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1924, Unic na-egosi ụgbọala ndị njem atọ.[4] Ha niile nwere injin cylinder anọ, ọ bụ ezie na nnukwu injin 4-cylinder dị ka nke a na-etinye na ụdị 16HP ka a na-ahụ ugbu a dị ka nke ochie:

  • Unic "Type L1T" 10 CV/HP: 4-cylinder 1843 cc: wheelbase 3,050 mm (120.1 in)
  • Unic "Type L3T" 11 CV/HP: 4-cylinder 2000 cc: wheelbase 3,050 mm (120.1 in)
  • Unic 16 CV/HP: 4-cylinder 3450 cc: wheelbase 3,450 mm (135.8 in)

Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, na 22nd Paris Motor Show, ọ bụ naanị otu n'ime ụgbọala abụọ a na-egosi na-etinye injin 4-cylinder. Nke a bụ mmepe nke ụdị lita abụọ gosipụtara na 1924, nke a na-akpọzi Unic "Type L9", nke nwere 3,150 mm (124.0 in) wheelbase ma na-ejikarị "Torpedo" ma ọ bụ "Berline" (saloon / sedan). Otú ọ dị, maka afọ nlereanya nke 1929, a na-elekwasị anya ugbu a na ụdị 8-cylinder mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Unic 14 CV / HP ọhụrụ "Type H1" gosipụtara 2 1⁄-litre kwụ ọtọ-8 power unit ma nọrọ na 3,460 mm (136.2 in) wheelbase. A na-ere ya na 55,000 francs n'ụdị chassis efu.[5]

Ụgbọala ndị njem n'afọ ndị 1930[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Bọs njem UNIC 1937 L20

8-cylinder Unic "Type H1" nke e webatara na 1928 ka a na-emelite nke ọma dịka mgbanwe nke oge ahụ si dị: ka ọ na-erule afọ 1933, ụgbọ ala aghọwo Unic "ụdị H3" na ogo injin ahụ etoola site na 2 + 1⁄2 lita ruo 2646 cc.[6] Ọktọba 1933 bụ oge ikpeazụ ụgbọ ala ndị njem 8-cylinder ga-apụta na Unic show stand.[6]

N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ lekwasịrị anya na ụgbọala 4-cylinder na 11 CV / HP tax band, dịka ha nwere n'etiti afọ 1920.[6] N'afọ 1934, Unic kwupụtara ụdị ọhụrụ ha "Type U4" nke gosipụtara injin valve abụọ dị n'akụkụ ma ugbu a na-ejikwa nnyefe 4-ọsọ.[6] Ọrụ ahụ nke "berline" nke nwere oche ise (sedan / salon) abụghịzi nke dị larịị, mana ọnụọgụ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ nwere ike ịkpata nkatọ, ebe ọ bụ na n'etiti mwepụta ụgbọ ala ahụ n'October 1933 na Mee 1934, e mere ka azụ azụ dị ntakịrị, ebe n'ihu ya dịtụ ala dochie anya nke dị larịrị, na njirimara zuru ezu ghọrọ nke dịtụ mma.[6] Na mgbakwunye na ụgbọ ala ndị njem a, Unic gara n'ihu na-emepụta site na 1934 tagzi yiri ya nke "nnukwu ike".[6]

Afọ ikpeazụ nke mmepụta ụgbọ ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na Machị 1937 Unic melite ụdị ụgbọ ala ndị njem anọ maka oge ikpeazụ, maka 1937 October Motor Show e nyekwara ụdị cylinder isii anya dị mfe karị, n'ikwekọ na ejiji nke oge ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, ụgbọ ala ndị njem gbadatara naanị ụdị abụọ a. Unic Type U4D bụ ụgbọ ala nwere cylinder 2,150 (12CV) nke nwere valvụ n'elu ma nye mmepụta kachasị nke 55 hp (41 ), nke a kwadoro site na chassis siri ike, nke ọdịnala nwere 3,160 mm (124.4 in). Nnuu Unic Type U6C nke nwere cylinder isii nyere 85 hp (63 kW) site na injin 3,000 cc (17CV), nke a na-ebute site na igbe eletromagneti "Cotal" pre-selector gear, yana nhọrọ nke ogologo wheelbase n'etiti 3,200 (126.0 in) na 3,370 mm (132.7 in).[1]

Mkpesa nke ụgbọ ala ndị njem Unic n'oge a sitere na nkà na ụzụ ma ọ bụ site na ihe ọhụrụ dị egwu. Ndị nwere ekele maka ụgbọ ala ahụ nwere mmasị n'ịkwado dị mma nke sitere na usoro nke ọma e mere n'oge usoro mmepụta. Ihe ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị bụ ahụ ha mara mma, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere n'aka onye na-ewu ụgbọ ala Letourneur et Marchand ma ọ bụ site na enyemaka ha, Autobineau. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a naghị ere ụgbọala ndị pụrụ iche n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ma nke a gosipụtara na ọnụahịa. Na 1937 Motor Show ọkọlọtọ ígwè-bodied Unic Type U-4 D na 12CV engine ya dị na 53,750 francs (ma ọ bụ 35,500 francs na ụdị chassis).[1] E depụtara 13CV Talbot Type T4 "Minor" dị ike karịa na 42,500 Francs (ma ọ bụ 35,000 Francs n'ụdị chassis), ebe site na njedebe nke Citroën dị ogologo "ezinụlọ" nke Traction 11CV Longue nwere ike ịnwe maka 28,900 francs gụnyere ahụ, ebe nnwale prototype adịlarị n'ụzọ nke 2867 cc (15/16CV) nke Citroë Traction a na-ere ma na-ere ahịa.[7][8] Ndị ahịa ole na ole nọ na klas a dị njikere ịkwụ ụgwọ maka omume ọma Unic nke ntụkwasị obi, ụdị na ohere, na mmepụta ụgbọ ala ndị njem Unic kwụsịrị na July 1938.[1]

Mgbe 1938 gasịrị, Unic lekwasịrị anya na azụmaahịa gwongworo, ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-emepụta French. N'afọ 1966, ụlọ ọrụ ndị Ịtali bụ Fiat weghaara ya ma mesịa sonye na Iveco n'afọ 1975.

Usoro iheomume mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1952, Simca weghaara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke Henri Pigozzi duziri, onye chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ụgbọala azụmahịa. A na-akpọkarị ụgbọala nke oge a dị ka ụgbọala Unic-Simca.

N'afọ 1956, e weghaara aka French nke onye na-emepụta ụgbọala na Switzerland Saurer.

N'afọ 1966, Unic sonyeere Fiat Group.

N'afọ 1975, e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ụgbọala aha ya bụ IVECO na-ekpuchi ụdị ụgbọala na bọs dịka Fiat, OM, Lancia, UNIC na Magirus.

Na 1976 UNIC-FIAT S.A. ghọrọ UNIC S.A

Na 1992 IVECO UNIC S.A. gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ IVECO FRANCE S.A

N'afọ 2003, isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ si Villejuif kwaga Boissy St Léger, ebe e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ nke abụọ n'afọ 1995.

Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 (1998) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (Salon 1937) Nr. 6: 92–93.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Automobilia1938" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Gazoline n°185, décembre 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Essais Archives. Retrieved on Dec 14, 2019. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "gazoline.net" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ (2005) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1925 (Salon 1924) Nr. 72s: 80. 
  5. ↑ (2006) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1929 (Salon 1928) Nr. 84s: 80. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 (2002) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1934 (Salon 1933) Nr. 22: 77.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Automobilia1934" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ (1998) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (Salon 1937) Nr. 6: 89. 
  8. ↑ (1998) "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (Salon 1937) Nr. 6: 26. 

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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