Ọdịnihu Obodo
Ọdịnihu Mpaghara (nke bụbu International Society for Ecology and Culture) bụ ọgbakọ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke ebumnuche ya bụ ime ka mmadụ mata ihe ọ na-akọwapụta dị ka isi ihe na-akpata ọgba aghara mmekọrịta ọha na eze, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba nke oge a.
Ndị otu ahụ na-arụ ụka na ilekwasị anya na otu okwu - ịzọpụta whales, igbochi ụlọ ọrụ ike nuklia, na-eri nri ndị agụụ na-agụ, wdg - na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-eme ka ha daa n'ikpeazụ dị ka atụmatụ. Kama, Local Futures kwenyere na a ga-elekwasị anya n'ịgbanwe isi ike ndị na-emepụta ma ọ bụ na-eme ka nsogbu ndị a niile dịkwuo njọ. N'ime ndị agha ahụ bụ ijikọ ụwa ọnụ akụ na ụba, ike ụlọ ọrụ, na echiche nke teknụzụ na "ọganihu" nke akụ na ụba. Dị ka ihe ngwọta, Mpaghara Ọdịnihu na-akwalite mpaghara akụ na ụba yana ihe ndị ọzọ dabere na mpaghara na omenala ndị ahịa ụwa, dị ka ụzọ isi chebe ma ụdị dị iche iche nke ndu na omenala. [1] [2] Ejikwa otu a na echiche nke Counter-development .
Ọdịnihu Mpaghara bụ nzukọ nne na nna nke mmemme na Ladakh, ma ọ bụ "Little Tibet", malitere na 1975. [3] Ọrụ Ladakh gụnyere ọtụtụ ọrụ aka, gụnyere mmemme ume ọhụrụ, wee nweta nnabata mba ụwa maka igbochi mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmepe ọdịnala na mpaghara ahụ. Onye nchoputa na onye isi obodo Futures, Helena Norberg-Hodge, kesara onyinye 1986 Right Livelihood Award .
Mpaghara Futures ewepụtala ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ na-emeri: Ọdịnihu Ochie: Mmụta sitere na Ladakh (1993) na Economics of Happiness (2011). [4] Onye na-akwado mmalite maka nri obodo (na otu n'ime òtù ole na ole na-ele nri obodo anya site n'ọnọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ), Local Futures mekwara akwụkwọ Bringing the Food Economy Home: Local Alternatives to Global Agribusiness (Kumarian Press, 2002), nakwa dị ka Mpaghara bụ Ọdịnihu Anyị (2019), yana ọtụtụ akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ maka ndị na-akwado nri mpaghara. Ndị otu ahụ hazikwara usoro nke Economics of Happiness ogbako, [5] gụnyere ihe omume na nso nso a na Berkeley, California (2012), Byron Bay, Australia (2013 & 2019), Bangalore, India (2014 & 2019), Portland, Oregon ( 2015), Florence, Italy (2016 & 2018), Bristol, UK (2018), Ladakh, India (2019) na Tokyo, Japan (2017, 2018 & 2019), yana mmemme kwa afọ na Jeonju, South Korea.
N'afọ 2020, nzukọ a bidoro mkpọsa n'ịntanetị maka ụbọchị ime obodo ụwa [6] iji wusie ike na ịkwalite mmata gbasara mmegharị mpaghara ụwa na-apụta.
Mpaghara Futures eguzobewo otu netwọk, International Alliance to Localization (IAL) iji mee ka ndị otu na ndị si n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-agbasi mbọ ike ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na omenala akụ na ụba ụwa . Ihe ọzọ otu obere nzukọ a si aga mba ụwa bụ na a sụgharịala ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na vidiyo Local Futures n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 40 dị iche iche.
Ndị isi obodo Futures na-etolitekwa bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ecologist .
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Helena Norberg-Hodge (onye nchoputa na onye isi obodo Futures)
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]