Ọkụ ọkụ na South Africa
Ọkụ bụ nnukwu ihe egwu dị n'ime ụlọ ime ụlọ na South Africa.[1] A na-arụ ụka na "Na nkezi na South Africa n'ime afọ ise gara aga, a na-enwe ọkụ ụlọ iri kwa ụbọchị na onye na-anwụ n'ime ọkụ ụlọ kwa ụbọchị." Ọkụ na Cape Town.[3] A kọrọ na n'afọ 2014, mmadụ 2,090 gbara ọkụ na mpaghara Gauteng, "ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ n'ọkụ ụlọ nke na-ekpochapụ ebe ndị na-adịghị mma".[1]
Ihe na-akpata ọkụ ụlọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-akpọkarị ọkụ ọgbụgba n'ime ụlọ ihe mberede mana nke a bụ ndị otu ndị bi n'ụlọ a na-emegide ya. [2] Martin J. Murray na-arụ ụka na site na "ịnabata adịghị ike mmadụ ma ọ bụ nnukwu ihe mberede n'ihi ihe kpatara ya, ndị isi obodo-ewu ụlọ enwewo ike ịkọwapụta usoro iwu obodo nke mebeghị ntakịrị n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ ndị ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu - ndị na-ebu oke egwu. n'ime usoro ọnwụ na mbibi na-aga n'ihu - na-ahụkarị onwe ha n'ụzọ mmerụ ahụ." [3]
Matt Birkinshaw depụtara isi ihe kpatara ọgba aghara ọkụ dị ka enweghị ala, enweghị ụlọ, ịgọnarị ịnweta ọkụ eletrik, mmiri zuru oke na ọrụ mberede zuru oke. [4]
Azịza nke ụlọ ọkụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
NGO ọrụ ebere 'Children of Fire' na-enye Nkwado maka ndị ọkụ ọkụ, ntụ ntụ [5]
[6] [7]The shack bi' social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo agbaala mbọdị ihe ọ chere dị ka ike nke steeti ahụ iji dozie nsogbu ọkụ ụlọ [1] ma hazie ndị mmadụ iji onwe ya onwe ha na igwe ọkụ.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Lumkani, ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ South Africa hibere iji wepụta ngwaọrụ na-achọpụta okpomọkụ nke netwọk iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọkụ n'ime ime obodo na nke obodo.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ọkụ Shack abụghị ihe mberede, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Development Studies, Mahadum KwaZulu-Natal, 2005
- Ngwọta maka ọkụ ọkụ bụ Electrification, Ọ bụghị Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọzọ, South African Civil Society Information Service, 2008
- A Big Devil na Jondolos: Akụkọ banyere ọkụ ụlọ, nke Matt Birkinshaw, Abahlali baseMjondolo, 2008
- 'Ịnweta ọkụ eletrik na-atọ ụtọ', Interview with Zodwa Nsibande, The Guardian (UK), 2011
- N'azụ ọkụ ụlọ maka Makause, ndị dara ogbenye na ndị echefuru echefu, Daily Maverick, 2012
- Shack ọkụ: ekwensu na nkọwa nke mmepe, Daily Maverick, 2013
- Ọkụ Cape Town ụfọdụ ọ dị ọkụ karịa ndị ọzọ? , Rebecca Davis, Daily Maverick, 2015
- "Ebe ọkụ dị, e nwere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị": Enweghị ọchịchị na ndụ ihe onwunwe na Urban South Africa, Kerry Chance, Cultural Anthropology, 2015
Ihe ndetu na nrụtụ aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ This is how South Africa dies, Richard Poplak, The Daily Maverick, 2015
- ↑ Shack Fires are No Accident, School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005
- ↑ Murray (2009). "Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33 (1): 165–192. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x.
- ↑ The Politics of Fire, Matt Birkinshaw, Pambazuka, 2008
- ↑ About Children of Fire, Children of Fire, undated
- ↑ 'Getting electricity was so exciting', The Guardian (UK), 2011
- ↑ "Where there is fire, there is politics": Ungovernability and Material Life in Urban South Africa, Kerry Chance, Cultural Anthropology, 2015