Ọnọdụ ala nke Cameroon
Na 475,440 km2 (183,570 ), Cameroon bụ mba nke iri ise na atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Ọ ji ntakịrị ihe karịa mba Sweden na steeti California nke US. Ọ dị ka Papua New Guinea n'ibu. Ala Cameroon bụ 472,710 km2 (182,510 sq mi), na 2,730 km2 (1,050 ) nke mmiri.
Mba ahụ dị na Etiti na Ndịda Afrịka, n'ókè nke Bight of Biafra, n'etiti Equatorial Guinea na Naijiria.
A na-akọwa Cameroon mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "Afrịka dị obere" n'ihi na ọ na-egosipụta ihu igwe na ahịhịa niile nke kọntinent ahụ: ugwu, ọzara, oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, ala ahịhịhịa savanna, na ala oké osimiri. Enwere ike kewaa Cameroon na mpaghara ise. A na-amata ndị a site na ọdịdị anụ ahụ, ihu igwe, na ahịhịa.
Mpaghara okike
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Ala dị larịị nke Cameroon dị n'ụsọ oké osiri na-agbasa iri abụọ ruo iri asatọkilomita (iri ruo iri ise mi) n'ime ala site na Gulf of Guinea (akụkụ nke Oké Osimiri Atlantic) ruo n'akụkụ ala dị larị. Otú ọ dị, na steeti ọdịda anyanwụ mbụ, oke nke Ugwu Cameroon fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ruo n'oké osimiri. Ala dị larịị nwere oke ọhịa gụnyere mpaghara mangroves nke Etiti Afrịka karịsịa gburugburu Douala na n'ọnụ mmiri nke Osimiri Cross n'ókè ya na Naịjirịa.
Nnyocha nchọpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro na e nwere 643km2 nke ala mmiri na Cameroon, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ mba nke iri atọ na itoolu n'ihe gbasara ebe dị larịị.[1]
Ala dị ala nke Ndịda anyanwụ Cameroon Plateau, nke na-esi n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ebili ma bụrụ nke oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ na-achịkwa, nwere nkezi ịdị elu nke narị ise ruo iri isii mita (otu nde na narị isii ruo nde abụọ ). Ọ dị obere karịa ụsọ mmiri.
N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Cameroon bụ usoro ugwu, ugwu, na ala dị larịị nke sitere na Ugwu Cameroon ruo ọdọ mmiri Chad n'akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ. Mpaghara a gụnyere Bamenda, Bamiléké, na ugwu ugwu Mambilla. O nwekwara ụfọdụ n'ime ala kachasị eme nri na mba ahụ, ọkachasị gburugburu ugwu mgbawa nke Mt. Cameroon. Ebe a nke oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ ka World Wildlife Fund kewara dị ka mpaghara ọhịa Cameroonian Highlands na Ugwu Cameroon nke a na-ewere iche n'ihi na dị ka ugwu na-agbọpụta ọkụ ọ nwere gburugburu ebe dị iche na ugwu ndị ọzọ.
Site na mbara ala ndịda nke oké ọhịa, ala ahụ na-arịgo n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ugwu Adamaoua (Adamawa) nwere ahịhịa, ugwu. Na-agbasa gafee Cameroon site na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, Adamaoua na-eme ihe mgbochi n'etiti ugwu na ndịda. Nkezi ịdị elu ya bụ otu nde m (3,400 ).
Ala dị larịị nke ndịda savanna sitere na nsọtụ Adamaoua ruo Lake Chad. Ahịhịa ya bụ ahịhịa Nke a bụ mpaghara mmiri ozuzo na okpomọkụ dị elu dị ka akụkụ nke mpaghara savanna nke Ndịda Sudan.
ihu igwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịgasị iche na ala, site na okpomọkụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ruo semiarid na okpompe n'ebe ugwu.
N'ịbụ nke na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpuchi mmiri, belt dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri gụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime ebe mmiri na-ekpofu n'ụwa. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, Debundscha, ala nke Mt. Cameroon, nwere nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke nde iri na narị ato milimita (narị anọ na ise in).[2]
| Climate data for Yaoundé | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33 (91) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
36 (97) |
34 (93) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
34 (93) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
32 (90) |
36 (97) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.6 (85.3) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
15 (59) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
16 (61) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
16 (61) |
14 (57) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.0 (0.75) |
42.8 (1.69) |
124.9 (4.92) |
171.3 (6.74) |
199.3 (7.85) |
157.1 (6.19) |
74.2 (2.92) |
113.7 (4.48) |
232.3 (9.15) |
293.6 (11.56) |
94.3 (3.71) |
18.6 (0.73) |
1,541.1 (60.69) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3 | 4 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 23 | 11 | 3 | 144 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.5 | 79.5 | 81.0 | 82.0 | 84.0 | 85.0 | 85.5 | 86.0 | 85.5 | 85.0 | 82.0 | 79.0 | 82.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 172.0 | 179.0 | 169.9 | 164.5 | 166.2 | 126.0 | 96.1 | 86.2 | 102.4 | 130.2 | 167.1 | 181.4 | 1,741 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[3] NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: BBC Weather[5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Douala (1971-2000, extremes 1885-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.8 (96.4) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.8 (100.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.1 (91.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.8 (103.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.7 (87.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.4 (74.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 34.2 (1.35) |
54.5 (2.15) |
155.2 (6.11) |
241.2 (9.50) |
276.2 (10.87) |
354.1 (13.94) |
681.4 (26.83) |
687.5 (27.07) |
561.2 (22.09) |
406.6 (16.01) |
123.1 (4.85) |
27.5 (1.08) |
3,602.7 (141.84) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5 | 9 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 26 | 24 | 12 | 5 | 215 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 85 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 83 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 193.3 | 179.1 | 171.9 | 176.5 | 175.8 | 123.1 | 72.0 | 53.2 | 90.8 | 131.2 | 162.1 | 184.2 | 1,713.2 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[6] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1957-1990),[8] NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[9] | |||||||||||||
Ụdị dị iche iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị ihu igwe dị iche iche na mpaghara okike nke Cameroon, dị ka ụsọ oké osimiri, ugwu, savanna, ọzara, na oké ọhịa na-ekpo ọkụ, na-enye ohere ka mba ahụ nwee ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche. Nde hekta iri abụọ na abụọ site na gburugburu ebe obibi nke oké ọhịa Congo Basin dị na Cameroon, ebe ụdị osisi nde itoolu ụdị nnụnụ narị itoolu, na ụdị anụmanụ narị ato na iri abụọ na-enye nwa ara bi, gụnyere osisi otu narị iri ise na isii dị iche iche, nnụnụ asatọ dị iche iche na anụmanụ iri anọ na-enye ụmụ ara.[10] Ókèala ya na Naịjirịa nwere otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche n'Afrika.[11]
Dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị nchedo iji chebe ihe onwunwe ndị dị n'ihe ize ndụ, Cameroon eguzobewo ebe echedoro kemgbe afọ 1932, gụnyere ogige ntụrụndụ mba, ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa, ebe nchekwa ụmụ anụmanụ, na otu ebe nchekwa osisi.[12]
Cameroon nwere nlele Forest Landscape Integrity Index na afọ 2018 nke 8.00/10, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke iri abụọ na itoolu n'ụwa niile n'ime mba otu narị na iri asaa na abụọ .[13]
Osimiri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mba ahụ nwere usoro mmiri anọ. N'ebe ndịda, osimiri ndị bụ isi na-aga n'ebe ndịdi ọdịda anyanwụ ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ kpọmkwem na Gulf of Guinea na Wouri, na obere Dibamba, Bimbia na Mungo na Cameroon estuary dị nso na Douala; Sanaga, Nyong, na Ntem na-agawanye n'ebe Ndịda n'ụsọ oké osimiri; Akwayafe na Manyu (nke na-esonyere Nigerian Cross), na obere Ndian na Meme n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri.[14] Otú ọ dị, Dja na Kadeï na-asọba n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ime Osimiri Congo. N'ebe ugwu Cameroon, Osimiri Benoué (Benue) na-aga n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ikpeazụ banye na Niger, ebe Osimiri Logone na-aga ugwu n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Chad.
Ụfọdụ n'ime ókèala nke Cameron na-eso osimiri, gụnyere Aïna, Akwayafe, na Ntem ma ọ bụ Campo.
Ihe ọmụma
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ebe: Etiti Afrịka n'ókè nke Bight of Biafra, n'etiti Equatorial Guinea na Naijiria
Nkọwa ala: 6°N 12°E / / 6; 12
Mpaghara: ngụkọta: 475,440 km2 (183,570 sq mi) ala: 472,710 km2 (182,510 ) mri: 2,730 km2 (1,050 mi)
Mpaghara e jiri ya tụnyere: buru ibu karịa Sweden
Ókèala ala: ngụkọta: 5,018 km ókèala mba: Central African Republic 901 km, Chad 1,116 km, Republic of the Congo 494 km, Equatorial Guinea 183 km, Gabon 349 km, Nigeria 1,975 km
Nkwupụta ụgbọ mmiri: oke osimiri: 12 (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
Ala: dịgasị iche iche, nwere ala dị larịị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, ala dị larị n'etiti, ugwu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.
Elu dị oke elu: ebe kachasị ala: Oké Osimiri Atlantic 0 m ebe kachasị elu: Fako (on. Ugwu Cameroon) 4,095 m
Ihe ndị sitere n'okike: mmanụ ala, bauxite, ore iron, osisi, hydropower
Ojiji ala: ala a na-akọ ugbo: 13.12% ihe ọkụkụ na-adịgide adịgide: 3.28% ndị ọzọ: 83.61% (2012)
Ala a na-agba mmiri:
Ngụkọta mmiri a na-agbanwe agbanwe:
Mmiri na-atọ ụtọ (ụlọ / ụlọ ọrụ / ọrụ ugbo): ngụkọta: 0.97 km3/afọ (23%/10%/68%) kwa onye: 58.9 m3/afọ (2005)
Ihe ize ndụ sitere n'okike: Mgbawa limnic na-adịbeghị anya na mwepụta nke carbon dioxide:
- site na Lake Monoun, mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọọst afọ 1984, na-egbu iri atọ na asaa
- site na Lake Nyos, mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na otu n' ọnwa Ọgọọst afọ 1986, na-egbu ihe ruru otu nde na narị asatọ.
Ihe ndị na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi: ọrịa ndị mmiri na-ebute bụ ihe zuru ebe niile; mgbukpọ ọhịa; ịta nri gabigara ókè; ọzara; ịchụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị; igbubiga azụ ókè
Nkwekọrịta mba ụwa: otu ha bụ;: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timer 94, Wetlands, Whaling bịanyere aka, mana a kwadoghị ya: Nuclear Test Ban
Ọdịdị ala: mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya 'ebe mgbago nke Afrịka;' na mba ahụ dum, e nwere ebe isi iyi na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe na-egosi ọrụ mgbawa ugwu ugbu a ma ọ bụ nke gara aga; Ugwu Cameroon, ugwu kachasị elu na mpaghara Sahara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, bụ ugwu mgbawa na-agbọpụta ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ.
Ihe ndị dị oke mkpa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nke a bụ ndepụta nke ebe ndị dị oke mkpa nke Cameroon, ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda anyanwụ karịa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ugwu bụ ala mmiri a na-akpọghị aha nke na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad, Ógbè Ebe Ugwu Dịpụrụ adịpụ
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ ebe a na-akpọghị aha n'ókè ya na Republic of Congo na Osimiri Sangha n'ihu obodo Congo nke Bomassa, East Region
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ndịda bụ isi ala a na-akpọghị aha na njikọ nke Osimiri Sangha na Osimiri Ngogo n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Congo nke Ouesso, East Region
- Ebe kachasị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Ebe a na-akpọghị aha na Akwabana Island, Southwest Region
Ihe ngosi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Cameroon
- Ọdịdị ala nke Cameroon
- Ndepụta ugwu mgbawa na Cameroon
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Murray (2019). "The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats". Nature 565 (7738): 222–225. DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8. PMID 30568300.
- ↑ Highest Average Annual Precipitation Extremes. Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation, National Climatic Data Center. 9 August 2004. Last accessed 7 November 2006.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service - Yaounde. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved on May 21, 2023.
- ↑ Yaounde Climate Normals 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ↑ "Average Conditions Yaounde, Cameroon", BBC Weather.
- ↑ World Weather Information Service – Douala. World Meteorological Organization.
- ↑ Station Douala (fr). Meteo Climat.
- ↑ Klimatafel von Douala (Duala), Observatorium / Kamerun (de). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst.
- ↑ Douala Climate Normals 1961-1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
- ↑ Cameroon. Cameroon. Retrieved on 29 September 2020.
- ↑ Africa: Cameroon, Nigeria. Retrieved on 29 September 2020.
- ↑ Mesmin Tchindjang (2001). Mapping of Protected Areas Evolution in Cameroon from the Beginning to 2000: Lesson to Learn and Perspectives.. Table 1 World Wildlife Organization. World Wildlife Organization. Archived from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved on 14 February 2013.
- ↑ Grantham (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications 11 (1). DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 33293507.
- ↑ Gabche. Cameroon Estuarine Systems. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved on 2012-10-25.
Ndemsibia
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