Ụbara Asụsụ Maban
Asụsụ Maban bụ obere ezi na ụlọ nke asụsụ ndị a gụnyere na ezi na ụlọ Nilo-Sahara. A na-asụ asụsụ Maban n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Chad, Central African Republic na ọdịda anyanwụ Sudan (Darfur).
Asụsụ dị iche iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ngalaba Maban gụnyere asụsụ ndị a:
- Mimi nke Nachtigal
- Kenjeje (Yaali, Faranga)
- Masalit: Surbakhal, Masalit
- Aiki (Runga na Kibet, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dị iche)
- Mabang: Karanga, Marfa, Maba
Asụsụ ndị a gbara akaebe na ndepụta okwu abụọ a na-akpọ "Mimi", nke Decorse (Mimi-D) na Nachtigal (Mimi -N) chịkọtara, a na-ekewapụkwa ha dị ka Maban, ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbagha nke a. Mimi-N pụtara ihe a ọ nwere njikọ dịpụrụ adịpụ na Maban n'onwe ya, ebe Mimi-D yiri ka ọ bụghị Maban ma ọlị, na myirịta n'ihi mkparịta ụka asụsụ na Maba na-achịkwa mpaghara.
Blench (2021) na-enye nkewa n'ụzọ dị a:[1]
- Proto-Maban
Mmekọrịta mpụgara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na ndabere na ihe akaebe ọdịdị dị ka akara ọnụọgụ atọ na aha, Roger Blench (2021) na-atụ aro na ndị ikwu kacha nso nke asụsụ Maban nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, ọkachasị asụsụ Taman, nke mejupụtara alaka n'ime Northern Eastern Sudanic. Maban na-enwekwara okwu yiri asụsụ Fur, asụsụ Sahara, na ọbụna asụsụ Songhay, mana n'ozuzu ya, ọ nwere ọtụtụ okwu yiri asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.[1]
Okwu ntụnyere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Blench (2021) na-etinye mgbochiume ndị a maka proto-Maban:[1]
| (p) b | t d | tʃ | k ɡ | |
| s (z) | ʃ | (h) | ||
| m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| w | l r | j |
O yikarị ka ụdaume bụ ATR abụọ, na ọ dịkarịa ala *ɛ *e *i *ɔ *o *u na ikekwe *ɪ *ʊ, gbakwunyere ogologo.
O yikarị ka enwere ụda ndekọ abụọ tinyere ohere nke ụdaolu na ụdaume ogologo.
Ị̀Nkọwa okwu ndị bụ isi maka asụsụ Maban:
| Asụsụ | anya | ntị | imi | ezé | ire | ọnụ | ọbara | ọkpụkpụ | osisi | mmiri | Iri nri | aha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Maban[1] | *kàSì-k | *Majọ m | *sati-k; *sàdí-k / *sadi-ɲi | *delemi-k | *fari-ŋ | *ta-k / *ta-si | *-a Lag- | *milli-ik | ||||
| Maba[2] | kàʃì-k/-ñi | koi-k | boiñ | sati-k | delmi-k | kan-a/-tu | arii | kàñjí-k | soŋgo-k | inji | -afọ- | mílí-i/-síi |
| Masalit[2] | kóo-gí/- ee | kwó̀yɛ | dúrmì | kácìŋgi | gélmèdì | kánà | fàríŋ | kónjì | na-atọ ọchị | na | -iny- | mirsi/-ldiŋ |
| Aiki[2] | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya | kaàsá | mùndú | sàdí | nadìyím | Yú-k | pày/-ó; fáai | Ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-abụ na ọ ga na-abụ na o ga-abụ. | rí-k | tà-k | - Jaịlịa- | mèek-í/-ú |
| Kibet[2] | kàs/-u | kaàsá | ebe a na-eme | sàdí | na-enwe ike | Yú-k | fal/-u; ari | njekedi / njhọdu | ri-k | ta | - Jaịlịa- | m lk-i/- na-enwu |
| Mimi nke Nachtigal[3] | kal | kuyi | hur hur hur | ziːk | otu puku | ari | kadʒi | anyanwụ (< ajị anụ?) | ||||
| Mimi nke Decorse[4] | onyinyo | feɾ | fir | ɲain | ɲyo | ya | engi | ɲyam |
Ọnụ ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụnyere nke ọnụ ọgụgụ n'asụsụ ọ bụla:[5]
| Nchịkọta | Asụsụ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maba | Maba | Ọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma | mbàːr, mbíːr, Mbùl | Somghàːl, káyáŋ | àssàːl, ássíː | Gịːr, gịːr | sit̀tàːl, langíː < Arabic sitta | Mọndiː | na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị mfe | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a ka a na-akpọ ɔ̀ddɔ́yí | Ọ̀ttúɡ |
| Masalit | Masalit (1) | Tioŋ | mbà | Kaaŋ | Ọ dị anya | tóór | It̪í | mairi | na-adịgide adịgide | àyi | Ọ na-adịkarị |
| Masalit | Masalit (2) | tishyom (na-enweghị aha), tish (na n.) | mbara ala | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a | dị ka | tur | ya na | maịl | aya aya | adey | Utuk |
| Masalit | Masalit (3) | tyǒm (na-enweghị aha), tíiilò (na n.) | mbà | Kaaŋ | As | gị | n'ihi ya | mairi | n'afọ | nadɛ́i | Ọtúk |
| Runga-Kibet | Kibet | doˈwai | mba maka | khasaŋˈɡal | ʔaːtal | tor | ʔiˈsal | mɪndɪrˈsɪʔ | mbaːkhl | khaˈdɛijə | Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akọwa ya |
| Runga-Kibet | Runga | khanˈda | mba | khazaŋɡa | na-abịa n'ụra | tur | n'ime afọ | mɪnˈdirsi | mbɑkadeli | khaddɛl | jtukị |
Hụkwa ihe ndị a
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta okwu Maban (Wiktionary)
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
- ↑ Lukas, Johannes & Otto Völckers. 1938. G. Nachtigal's Aufzeichnungen über die Sprache der Mimi in Wadai. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 29. 145‒154.
- ↑ Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In Actes du XVIe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
- ↑ Chan (2019). The Nilo-Saharan Language Phylum. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha mmekọrịta na asụsụ nke asụsụ Kibet, Rounga, Daggal na Mourro nke Chad. SIL International.
Agụmagu ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Otu Maba Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nzọụkwụ Mbụ Na-aga n'ihu Proto-Maba. Asụsụ na Ọdịbendị Afrịka 4: 113-133.
Njikọ mpụgara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] N'elu Mimi