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Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na Naijiria

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Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na Naijiria
petroleum industry
Oge/afọ mmalite1903 Dezie
nwere ojijipetroleum Dezie
ihu nkeeconomy of Nigeria Dezie
kọntinentEluàlà Dezie
mba/obodoNaijiria Dezie
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpagharaMba Mmiri Dezie
ihe eji ya emeoil reserves in Nigeria Dezie
Mmepe mmepụta mmanụ na Naịjirịa

. [1]Naijiria bụ mba nke abụọ na-ahụ nri na gas na Africa .  [1] Ụgbọ crude sitere na basin Niger Delta na-ahụ n'ụdị: ọkụ, na atụnyere arọ - ọkụ ọkụ nwere ihe dị ka ike ndoda 36 ebe nke dị arọ nwere ike ndò 20-25.  Ụdị abụọ bụ paraffin na obere sọlfọ .  [2] A na-akwado akụ na nyere Nigeria na-efufu ego nke ukwuu site na ego na ego a na-enweta site na ụlọ ọrụ ngwaọrụ ala 1960. [3] Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị na February 2021 na-egosi na ngalaba,  ala Nigeria na-enye aka na ihe dika 9% nke GDP dum nke mba ahụ.  [4] Naijiria bụ nnukwu ndị na-ebupụ pụrụ na eserese ala na United States of America .  N'afọ 2010, Naijiria na-ebupụ ihe ụmụaka otu nde barel kwa ụbọchị na United States, na-amị anya 9% nke mkpokọta na-egosi ala US na-ebubata na ihe 40% nke Nigeria na-ebupụ

[2] [3]Mkpa maka ikike zuru oke na ụlọ ọrụ egwu ala, fim mfe nke aha aha, na agbamume nke mpaghara na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere ka Goodluck Jonathan ọ na-enye ụlọ ọrụ Petroleum na July 18, 2008

Akụkọ akụkọ fim egwu na Naijiria laa azụ na 1903, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria Bitumen Corporation mụrụ ọrụ na mba ahụ.  Ná akụkọ nke Agha Mbụ, a na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.  N'ihi ahụmahụ nkà na ẹse na ego nke ụlọ ọrụ, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ siri ike weghaara ihe ngosi nke azụmahịa na mba ahụ.  Mgbe nke ahụ asị, e nyere D'Arcy Exploration Company na Whitehall Petroleum ikike, ma ọ dịghị ụlọ ọrụ ahụghị uru uru ma ha we nnwere onwe ikike ha na 1923. [1] Enyere Shell D'arcy Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria akwụkwọ ikike ọhụrụ  nke gbara 920,000 square kilometers (357,000 square miles), otu ụlọ ọrụ Shell na BP (nke a na-akpọ Anglo-Iranian n'oge ahụ).  Ndị ọrụ ahụ ahụmahụ ọrụ na 1937.

[4]Enyere otu ikike inyocha n'ụdị nile nke Naijiria mana acreage e kenyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na akwụkwọ ikike mbụ e ọdúnra n'afọ 1951 wee mechaa, n'etiti 1955 na 1957. Ọrụ ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri n'afọ 1951 site na  olulu mmiri nke mbụ agbagoro na mpaghara Owerri .  Achọpụtara akụkọ na-ahụ nke azụmahịa na Akata, na nso Eket na 1953. [1] Tupu Akata, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ejirila ihe dị ka nde £ 6 na-eme ihe na mba ahụ.  N'ịchụso n'ihe ala dị n'ahịa, Shell-BP iferi na Oloibiri, Nigeria, na 1956. Mmiri ndị ọzọ dị mkpa achọtara n'oge ahụ bụ Afam na Bomu dị na mpaghara Ogoni .  1957, na 1960 kwa, e bugara nke 847,000 nke isiokwu crude.  Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 1950s, e nyere ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ ndị Britain ikike inyocha: Mobil na 1955, Tenneco na 1960, Gulf Oil, mechara Chevron na 1961, Agip na 1962, na Elf na 1962. Tupu ebutere  , Naijiria (dị ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka) na-adaberesi ike na mbupụ ọrụ ugbo iji nye akụ na mụrụ ya.  [2] Ma ọ bụrụ na afụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afụ 50 egwu egwu na mba ahụ, Shell-BP idera isi na Oloibiri na Niger Delta .  Ebe mbụ mbụ akara na 1958.

Ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala Naịjirịa kwenyere na ha enwebeghị ike inweta uru akụ na ụba na-enweta site n'iwepụta mmanụ na Naịjirịa. N'akụkụ dị ukwuu n'ihi na ndị ọrụ gọọmenti Naijiria na-anọgide na-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu na uru nke mmepụta mmanụ Nigeria na-emepụta, na-eduga na gọọmenti na-eweghara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta mmanụ nile, na ụmụ amaala na-ahụghị uru mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba. [5]

. [6]Onye isi ala Naijiria dị ka nke 2023, Bola Tinubu, emeela ihe iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ na gas dị na Nigeria bụ nkeonwe .  Ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nwe na njikwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị mmadụ na nnukwu ogbenye na-ahụ ike nke o elelu nke akụ na mmetụta uru mmetụta na gas na mmịpụta, Tinubu na-atụ anya na privatization na free akara ga-ekwe  ka ukwuu hara nhatanha na eze nke nwere.  nrụrụ aka juru ebe niile nwa awụ 1950 na ihe mbụ mgbe mbụ ịkpọ oku ala

Foto Satellite nke Niger Delta

[7]N'ihe dị ka afọ 2000, mbupụ Ibu na gas ruru ihe 98% nke ego mbupụ na ihe dịka 83% nke ego etiti na-enweta, yana iwepụta ihe ụmụaka 14% nke GDP ya.  Ọ na-azụ 95% nke ego odi mba ofesi, yana ihe dịka 65% nke ego fu ego

. .Ndị ọrụ United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) na-eme nchekwa nchekwa nri ala n'agbata 16 and 22 billion barrels (2.5.  Ihe nchekwa ya na-eme ka Naijiria bụbụ mba nke na-enwe ike ịhụ na nke dị anya, nke kacha baa n'Africa.  kwa ụbọchị.

Ihe ahụ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa ihe niile dị na mba ahụ gbakọbara na gburugburu Delta nke osimiri Naịja, mana ọgịrịga ndị dị n'ikpere mmiri bụkwa ndị ma ama na mpaghara oke osimiri nwere ezigbo mma.  Naijiria bụ otu n'ime mba ole na ole na-ekiri nri ka nwere ike izi ihe ya.  N'akpa ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ OPEC.  [1] Ihe ihe na Naijiria mebere ihe bụ isi iwu OPEC gbasara iwu, iji chịkwaa ọnụ ahịa n'ahịa mba ụwa.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, emebiela Iche site na iwe nke ndị bi na Niger Delta, bụ ndị chere na a na-erigbu ha.

. Naijiria nwere ikike nke ala isiokwu 159 na olulu mmiri 1481 na-arụ ọrụ dịka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mkpa Ala si kwuo.  [1] mgbaàmà kacha ihe na mba ahụ bụ mmiri mmiri Niger Delta Basin dị na Niger Delta ma ọ bụ mpaghara " South-south ", nke akpọ 78 n'ime ala 159 ipa.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ala ntụgharị ala Nigeria dị obere ma gbasasia, na 1990, obere ala ndị a na-amị mkpụrụ pụta bụ 62.1 nke ihe niile Naijiria na-achọ.  Nke a dị iche na ala iri na isii ịkwụ ụgwọ, bụ nke izi 37.9% nke ụtụ ala Nigeria n'oge ahụ.

A na-ekewa ala Naijiria dị ka "ọkụ" na "ụtọ", n'ihi na ekiri ahụ sọlfọ .  Naijiria bụ obodo kacha kacha ekiri mmasị na OPEC.  [1] calaamad a na-atọ ụtọ yiri egwu a na-amịpụta n'Oké eji North .  A maara isiokwu a dị nro ka "Bonny Light".  Aha nke crudes Naijiria ndị ọzọ, ndị a na-akpọ aha ha niile dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ elu mbupụ, bụ Qua Ibo, Escravos mix, Brass River, Forcados, na Pennington Anfan.

  1. ↑ "UPDATE 2-Nigeria will boost oil output if OPEC asks", Reuters, 2011-03-08. Retrieved on 2021-05-29. (in en)
  2. ↑ Overview of the Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill (en). Lexology (2012-09-12). Retrieved on 2021-08-07.
  3. ↑ Jonathan forwards Petroleum Industry Bill to NASS, says Petroleum Minister. www.premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved on 2023-02-26.
  4. ↑ History of the Oil Industry « LUBCON INTERNATIONAL. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved on 2012-12-04. Retrieved 26 November 2012
  5. ↑ Walker. "The day oil was discovered in Nigeria", BBC News, 2009-03-17. Retrieved on 2021-08-11. (in en-GB)
  6. ↑ Dzirutwe. "Nigeria's NNPC winding down crude oil swap contracts, CEO says", Reuters, 2023-06-04. Retrieved on 2023-06-27. (in en)
  7. ↑ Bank (August 2004). "Taxation and State Participation in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector" (in en-US). 
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