Ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe n'ala na Naịjirịa
Ngwuputa mineral na Naijiria bụ naanị 0.3% nke nnukwu ụlọ ya, n'ihi na nke nnukwu akụ ya. Ndị ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe n'ime ụlọ eme ihe nke ọma, na-eduga na Nigeria na-ebubata mineral ndị ọ nwere ike n'ime ụlọ, dị ka nnu ma ọ bụ njikọ . Ikike nke ikike ọchịchị dị n'aka Gọọmenti etiti Naijiria bụ nke na-enye ndị otu dị iche iche aha ka ha iche, m na-ere akụ. Ngwuputa a haziri akwụkwọ akụkọ na 1903, mgbe mgbe colonial nke Britain ekiri nke Mineral Survey of the Northern Protectorates. Otu afọ ka e nwee, e hiwere nyocha nke Mineral Survey nke Southern Protectorates. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1940, Nigeria bụ nnukwu ndị na-ahụ tin, kọlụm, na kol . Nchọpụta nchọpụta na 1956, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ ihe ndị na-ahụ ihe, ka ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ ike anya na akụ ọhụrụ a. Agha obodo Naijiria na-awụ 1960 mere ka ọtụtụ ndị inyom n'ịgbapụta akụ na ji si mba ọzọ mere n'obodo ahụ. [1] Iwu nke Ngwuputa ihe na-arụ ọrụ site n'aka Ministry of Solid Minerals Development, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ nke ilekọta njikwa akụ niile dị na Nigeria. A na-hazi iwu Ngwuputa na Federal Minerals and Mining Act nke 1999. N'iche ihe mere eme, ụlọ ọrụ nwera n'iche ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ na nna Nigeria. Nke a butere mbenata nke nkọwa n'ihe mmegharị nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu mineral niile. ụfọdụ Obasanjo nwere usoro ire ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ nye ndị ọchụnta ego onwe na 1999. [1] Ndị ọrụ Ngwuputa Ngwuputa Naijiria eburula ọkụ "Economic Diversification Agenda", site na ịbụ & gas, na ọrụ ugbo, Ngwuputa, wdg, ihe na obodo ahụ.
Coal, lignite na coke
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ngwuputa ihe bụ mwepu ma ọ bụ mineral na ọla n'ụwa. Onye ọrụ Coal nke Nigeria bụ ụlọ ọrụ parastatal nke e hibere na 1950 ma na-ejide onwe ya na Ngwuputa, nhazi, na iredide coal, lignite na coke ruo 1999. [1]
Achọpụtara coal na mbụ n'Enugwu n'afọ 1909 na Udi Ridge dị n'Enugwu. Ọ bụ Albert Kitson, onye Britain bụ́ia na-egwupụta ihe, injinra ya. Geology coal bụ nke nke nkume sedimentary na oge oge ochie ochie nke akwụkwọ na ọrụ microbial nri n'ime ogologo oge. Ogbete ogbunigwe mepere madị ịwepụta coal mgbe niile ka ọ na-erule 1916. Ka ọ na-erule 1920, idị koal erutela 180,122 . E hiwere coal Nigeria na 1950, ma ka ọ na-erule afọ 1960, ikike 565,681 long tons (574,758 t) . Agha obodo Naijiria mere ka a gbahapụ ọtụtụ ogbunigwe. Mgbe agha ahụ biri na nwa 1970s, iwu coal ike ike ịgbake. M ịgbakọ iji mechanize ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1970s na 1980 akara ihe ịga nke ọma n'ikpeazụ, ma jide ya n'ihi nsogbu na ndị ikpe na ikpe. [2] ihi bụ isi maka iji kol na Nigeria bụ maka ihe eji ọrụ ụgbọ oloko. Abẹ akwụkwọ ka ọ bụrụ fim dizel ka agha obodo Naijiria gbahapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta coal.
Gọọmenti Naijiria na-anwa ịwepụ ụlọ ọrụ Coal Corporation n'onwe ya ma ree akụ ya. Ọ bụ ebe na ụlọ maka coal emetụtara n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma site n'ịkwaga na Edidiz na gas na-arụ ọrụ site n'aka òtù dị iche iche bụbu ndị na-azụ aja koal, obere sọlfọ dị na Nigeria bụ ihe na-achọsi ike site n'aka ndị ọrụ mba ụwa na Italy na United Kingdom, bụ ndị na-achọsi ike. ebubatala kol Naijiria. Nsogbu ego n'oge na-adịbeghị anya emeela ka ọ dị nso na njedebe nke ọrụ Ngwuputa Coal Corporation nke Nigeria, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ azaghachila site n'ịgba ire ụfọdụ akụ ya ka ọ na-eche ka rụchaa ọrụ nkeonwe [2]
N'April 2008, Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka Mines na Steel Sarafa Tunji Ishola 5 na Naijiria na- ndị coal ka ọ na-anwa imezigharị ngalaba ọkụ ya, ma gbaa ndị China na--ahụ ego ume ike ego na ụlọ ọrụ coal. [3]
Ọfịs Ngwuputa Ngwuputa nke Naijiria na-ahụ maka ikike ngwuputa ihe na Naijiria niile. Ha bụ ndị isi nke Ministry of Mines and Steel Development nke Federal Republic of Nigeria
Ọlaedo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na- ebe nchekwa ọla edo na Northern Nigeria, nke kacha nso nso Maru, Anka, Malele, Tsohon Birnin Gwari-Kwaga, Gurmana, Bin Yauri, Okolom-Dogondaji, na Iperindo na steeti Osun
Mmepụta akara edo na 1913 wee rute ọnụ na 1930s. N'oge Agha nke ihe, ụmụaka. Ndị ụlọ ndị ọrụ ndị gbahapụrụ ogbun, a naghịkwa enweta iheigwe.
E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa Ngwuputa nke Naijiria (NMC) na eji 1980 iji ogologo edo. Enweghị ego na ịrata uru dị mfe site na ntụkwasị obi mere ka ọ daa. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, enweela ụfọdụ na-achọpụta edo na steeti Osun na South Western Nigeria. Ngwuputa obere ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ aka na-arụ ka na-ewu ewu.
Ezinụlọ Allie sitere na Anka bụ otu n'ime ezinaụlọ ọla edo na-eduga na mpaghara ahụ. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
Lithium
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2019, a nkwado lithium na mmiri. Igwe a na-achọsi ike maka echiche. Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ngwungwu igwe na-egosi nchara nke Naijiria, Olamilekan Adegbite, akwụkwọ nri nke Elon Musk nyere maka m lithium na Nigeria na 2022. [4] [5]
Columbite, wolframite, na tantalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Columbite na tantalite bụ ọla eji rie ihe niobium na tantalum . A na-akpọkọta Columbite na tantalite dị ka coltan n'Africa. Tantalum bụ ihe bara uru na- ahụkebe eji eme ihe n'ichepụta ngwá electronic. Na Naijiria, nchekwa pegmatite nke coltan na- CIAkwa isi iyi nke ọtụtụ ndị dị oke ọnụ ọnụ na nke dị obere dị ka beryl, aquamarine, na tourmaline . A na-ahụ pegmatites ndị a na steeti Nassarawa dị nso na Jos Plateau, yana n'Aba mpaghara na ndị mụrụ ọmụmụ Nigeria. A na-egwu obere mineral ndị a. [1] Wolframite (tungsten) nwere ike na steeti North.
Bitumen
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Achọpụtara Bitumen na mbụ na 1900, na-achọpụta lekwasịrị anya ntọala na 1905. A na-atụ anya na a na-echekwa bitumen na steeti Ondo, Legọs, Edo na steeti Ogun nke mpaghara ndịda-abụ ịbụ Naijiria bụ ịbụ barel iri na isii, ebe aja aja na-egosi siri ike dị ike barel iri anọ na abụọ ihe ngosi nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ. nti ala crude dị ugbu a.
Ígwè ígwè
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Naijirịa nwere ọtụtụ ebe a na-etinye ọla nchara, mana ebe kacha mma dị na Itakpe na gburugburu Kogi . [6]
E hiwere National Iron Ore Mining Company na 1979 wee nye ya ozi inyocha, irigbu, nhazi, na ịfe iron iron concentrate na Ajaokuta Steel Company (ASCL) na Ajaokuta na Delta Steel Company (DCL) na Aladja . Ọchịchọ chọre esiwo n'ọtụtụ igwe na-akpụpụta ngwaọrụ. Ndị ọrụ na ọrụ ngwuputa ya dabere na Kogi State . A na- ngosi nke oke ebu ihe maka mkpa ụlọ ugbu a. Na mgbakwunye, mmetụta ụfọdụ ego n'ahụ n'ịrụ igwe si mba ofesi na Guinea. [7]
Uranium
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị ọrụ Nigeria Uranium Mining Company (NUMCO) bụ ụlọ ọrụ parastatal nke na-achịkwa njikwa na ngwuputa uranium na Nigeria ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ogbenye na eze / onwe ya na Total Compagnie Minière nke France, nke nwere 40% nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Na 1989, Total wepụrụ na mmekọ ahụ, na 1993 ike nye ọrụ NUMCO na nyọcha nke ala Nigeria . Akụsara ụlọ ọrụ NUMCO na 1996. Mechanization nke coal corporation enwe ihe ịga nke ọma, nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị agha Gọọmenti ndị ọrụ ego ewe ndị nwere ezi nka ọrụ. </link>[ ] bụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ coal na-ihe. Enwekwara obi ọkara ka kpọpụ ụlọ ọrụ coal na nkeonwe mana ọ dara
Dị ka ọ dị na 2008, gọọmenti nọ na-emezigharị ihe onwunwe ya fọdụrụnụ.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a mụrụla ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa uranium dị mkpa na Cross River State, Adamawa State, Taraba State, Plateau State, Bauchi State, na Kano State site na British Geological Survey . [8]
Nkume bara nnukwu uru
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ngwuputa nkume dị iche iche emeela na mpaghara Plateau, Kaduna na Bauchi steeti, maka sapphire, ruby, aquamarine, emerald, tourmaline, topaz, garnet, amethyst, zircon, na fluorspar..
Ngwuputa obere ihe nka nka (ASGM)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Naijiria, ọrụ nka na obere ọla edo (ASGM) na-agụnye ọrụ ngwupụta ọla edo na-adịghị ahazi, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-enweghị ohere ịnweta ego. Ndị ọrụ iri ma ọ bụ karịa na-enweghị nkà na-eji ngwá ọrụ na ụzọ ndị na-adịghị mma wepụta obere nkwụnye ego ọla edo na ọkwa mmepụta adịghị mma. Ngwuputa ọla edo dị ntakịrị nwere ike ịbụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka, ọkara mechanized, ma ọ bụ mechanized, n'adịghị ka mgbapụta ọla edo nke aka ọrụ, bụ nke bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka kpamkpam. [9]
ASGM na-enyere ndị omenkà na ndị na-achụ ego aka ibi ndụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke ngwa ahịa dị ka diamond, ọla edo na ngwaahịa ugbo, na-eme ka a na-arụ ọrụ na azụmahịa na-aga n'ihu.
A kọwakwara ASGM dị ka obere ọrụ Ngwuputa Ngwuputa na-anakọta ma nụchaa ọla na mineral sitere na nke abụọ na nke isi site na iji usoro ochie ma ọ bụ crude. Agụnyere ndị na-egwupụta obere obere, ndị na-ajụ obere, ndị na-anọghị n'ozi, ndị iwu na iwu na-akwadoghị. [9]
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu na steeti Plateau mụrụ na ogbunigwe 1,100 gbahapụrụ agbahapụ ka e nwechara ngwupụta ogbunigwe n'afọ ndị 1960, na-etinyezi nnukwu nsogbu nye ihe ruru nde mmadụ abụọ bi na mpaghara ahụ. A kọrọ na ọdụ ogbunigwe redio bụ ihe egwu nye ndị obodo bi na gburugburu ebe a na-egwupụta akụ na mpaghara Jos, Barikin-Ladi, Bukur, Bassa na Riyom. [10]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Godwin Chukwudum Nwaobi. The Nigerian Coal Corporation: An Evaluation of Production Performance (1960-1987). Quantitative Economic Research Bureau. Archived from the original on 2011-05-28. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
- ↑ Nigerian Coal Corporation Broke, Sells Assets. Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
- ↑ Electricity - Country to Try Coal. Daily Trust. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.
- ↑ Nigeria turns down Elon Musk's Telsa to mine lithium. afripol.org. Retrieved on 2022-09-22.
- ↑ Why Nigeria Turned Down Elon Musk's Bid To Mine Raw Lithium For Tesla (en-US). Naija247news Media (2022-09-19). Retrieved on 2022-09-22.
- ↑ Nigeria - Metallic Minerals. Online Nigeria. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
- ↑ Balogun (2022-03-21). Mining sector remains stunted despite huge potential (en-US). Businessday NG. Retrieved on 2023-02-06.
- ↑ New Uranium Mining Projects - Africa. WISE Uranium Project. Retrieved on 2008-04-12.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 (2020-09-09) "Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining", Mineral Resource Governance in the 21st Century, 79–104. DOI:10.18356/89a57af1-en. ISBN 9789280737790. Retrieved on 2023-02-17. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Two million Nigerians at risk from radioactive waste, 5 July 2008, Agence France-Presse.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ministry of Power and Steel Development
- AF Calvert (1910). Naijiria na ogige ya, London: Edward Stanford.