Ụsọ Oké Osimiri

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Pịa Gaviota dị na Santa Barbara County, California bụ mmiri mmiri ime obodo n'ụdị ọwa Santa Barbara nke Goleta Point gbara ya na ndịda yana oke ugwu nke ahụ ahụ n'ebe ugwu.  Ogologo oge ikpeazụ a na-emepe akara mmalite nke dị n'elu osimiri Southern California nwere nnukwu bluffs, osimiri ndị nwere ike na ala mgbaka juru .

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[1]Achọtala ndị mgbasa ozi bi na Paleoindian Period (13,000–8,500 BP ) site na ebe nchekwa ihe mgbe ochie dị n'ọnụ osimiri na n'ụdị oke osimiri ebe ngosi nnukwu nri.  Ɔka ala obodo iri na anɔ Chumash dị n'ụdị oke egwu Qasil, Tajiguas na Shishuchi'i' . [2]

Ndị Spanish ọrịa ịchị Alta California site na njem Portolá nke 1769–1770.  Ọtụtụ mpaghara dị n'ime ọtụtụ ranchos 1794 onyunyo ala Spanish, Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio na nri ala Mexico, Rancho Punta de la Concepcion (1837), Rancho Cañada del Corral (1841) na Rancho Dos Pueblos (1842).

[3]N'ihe na-eru nso na njedebe nke 1920s, CD na-egosi na Ellwood Oil Field na-ebute mgbawa ọzọ n'ụdị oke osimiri.  N'oge Agha nke amaghị, ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri Japan gbawara n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, tankị, na ngwá ọrụ ndị mgbasa ya.  [1] Bombardment nke Ellwood ịrịba na mgbede nke February 23, 1942. Izu ole na ole ka ikike ahụ na Pearl Harbor nchebe, a wakporo kọntinent United States .  A na-agbasa mgbasa redio nke Onye isi ala Franklin D. Roosevelt mgbe sub ahụ na ọwa Santa Barbara .  [2] Ọnwe onye isi ahụ mana isi nke otu ebe onyonyo.  Ihe ahụ merenụ ajụjụ, na ajụjụ na West Coast.  [3] Ndị agha ahụ hibere ngalaba radar ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mepere na 1920 ka awụ ụgbọ ala malitere na osimiri wee bụrụ ebe ndị ụgbọ ala na-ewu ewu.  Mgbe ụdị ngalaba ahụ na 1946, ndị nwe ya rere ụlọ ahụ na steeti yana Refugio State Beach gara n'ihu dị ka njem mmiri na-ewu ewu.  [4] N'afọ 1953, steeti ịdọrọ ụrọ ụbọ akwara El Capitan State Beach.

. [4] Congress nyere iwu ka mkpagbu ihe na 1999 maka 76-mile-long (122 km) National Seashore si Coal Oil Point na UC Santa Barbara ruo Point Sal na ugwu ugwu nke Vandenberg Space Force Base .  [1] Ọ bụ ebe na National Park Service mpaghara na mpaghara dabara adaba na njirimara okike na dị mkpa nke mba, [1] inye ọkụ ahụ na nguzobe ahụ ekwe omume n'ihi mmegide mpaghara n'ime ihe dịka 200,000 acres  (81,000 ha) ebe ọkụ ihe na ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke ikiri ala na-eji akwụkwọ ọhụrụ.[5]

[6]A na-hazi nke cru na gas sitere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n' mmiri osisi na-enweta ndị ejikọrọ na ụlọ ọrụ nnụcha dị anya site na pipeline.  ụgbọ Refugio wụfuru na Mee 19, 2015, ike n'ebe ugwu nke Refugio State Beach, wepụrụ 142,800 U.S. galọn (3,400 barrels; 541,000 lita) ihe n'ime otu n'ime pipeline.


[7] [7]Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary a na-ekwu aro okwu ikwu okwu okwu na 2021 kachachara nke ọma nke nhọpụta nke Northern Chumash Tribal Council nyefere.  [1] Oke osimiri ahụ ga-agụnye ụfọdụ akara ala dị n'oke osimiri dị mkpa maka ihe nketa ebo ahụ dị ka atụpụtara n'ụdị 156 miles (251 km) nke oke osimiri site na Gaviota Creek n'ebe ugwu rue Santa  Rosa Creek n'obodo Cambria, San Luis Obispo County.  [1] Ebe nsasị mmiri a bụ aro nke dị ka 7,600 square miles (20,000 km nwere oke oke ohia kelp, oke aja aja na olulu mmiri, na ala mmiri na-eje ozi dị ka ebe a na-elekọta mmadụ maka ọtụtụ.  ụdị azụ ọzụzụ yana ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ụdị egwu na egwu.

Ọkụ Alisal[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[8]Ọkụ Alisal gbara n'ehihie nke Ọktoba 11, 2021;  ọ gbara 16,970 acres (6,868 ha) ma bibie ụlọ iri na abụọ.  [1] Otu n'ime ọkụ ikpeazụ nke oge ọkụ ọkụ California nke afọ 2021, ọkụ ahụ dara n'ịkpọ ebe mmiri mmiri Alisal na ifufe siri ike nke dị n'ebe ugwu àmà ahụ wetara ọkụ ahụ ngwa n'ebe ndịda site  na nnukwu obodo Los Padres National Forest .  [2] Ọkụ ahụ tolitere site na ịhụnanya acres n'ime awa ole na ole ka ifufe nke malite mmalite kpalitere ire ọkụ n'elu ugwu ugwu Santa Ynez n'ụdị Tajiguas Landfill.  [3] Ifufe na-efe efe ruru 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) gbochiri izipu ụgbọ elu dị na ibu.  [4] Mmiri ọkụ dị obere butere ọkụ dị oke egwu n'ime mbụ mbụ.  [5] N'echi ya ka ifufe tụ ka mma, ụgbọ elu ụgbọ ala butere ọkụ site n'ịchụsa ihe na-ama ọkụ .  N'ime ụbọchị ọ mgbasa, ntụgharị ahụ dị ngwa ngwa ka ndị ọrụ ala na- mada ụgbọ elu na Santa Maria Air Tanker Base .  [6] Mgbe ọkụ ahụ ada Route 101 na Tajiguas Beach, ọ akara n'ebe ọmụmụ na n'ebe ahụ ike ma na-emechi ụzọ ahụ ihe ụmụaka atọ.  [7] Akwụsịkwara ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ụzọ na ebe dị anya n'ime oge ahụ.  [8] steeti ahụ, Gaviota, Refugio, na El Capitan, mechiri ka ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na-eji ha eme ụlọ, ime, na ihe ngosi.  [9] Ọkụ ahụ gbara usoro nzacha nke na-eji ibe osisi dị na Tajiguas Landfill mebie ma mebie sistemu mmiri mmiri, nchịkọta gas na-ekpofu mmiri, na ụfọdụ ike dị arọ.  [10] Ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ọkụ ahụ ike n ndị ndị dị n'ebe a na-adzọsa gbasasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ Exxon Mobil mechiri emechi na Las Flores Canyon, na Rancho del Cielo, ebe ezumike nke President Ronald.  Reagan na First Lady Nancy Reagan.  [11] Ọdọ Mmiri Freedom, otu n'ime ɔdɔ mmiri abụọ dị n'ebe a na-azụ anụ, ejirila na-ebunye mmiri mmiri ikuku.  [12] A kọrọ na e bibiri ụlọ anọ otu na Ọktoba 16, yana ụlọ mebiri emebi.  Ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na-akwado maka oke oke a na-atụ anya ya na ikuku nkụ.  [13] Enwetara ọkụ ahụ kpamkpam na Nọvemba 20. [14] Nkwadebe maka mbuze ap nwere ike ike, na irighiri ihe nkiri site na otu ndị injinia, ndị na-amị amị, na ndị ọrụ ihe gbasara mbara ala na-ahụ ebe ndị  nwere nsogbu.  [15] Ọrụ nrụzi okporo ụzọ 101 akpọ ikpochapụ na amị ebe mgbaba mmiri mebiri emebi na amị ụgbụ okwute n'ụdị ugwu na-achọ ihe ọlụ.  [16] M ịgba ndị ọrụ afụ egwuregwu mbụ iji nyere agụ ndụ aka itolite azụ ebe ndị na-agba ehi kere ahịrị ọkụ .

Geography[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọ dị na mbara ala dị warara dị n'ịsọ oke osimiri dị n'etiti oge oke osimiri siri ike na ugwu Santa Ynez nke dị n'ikirika mmirika ogologo ya na nstụtụ ugwu nke ugwu ahụ na-agbada n'egwu ugwu  abụọ ala, nke Jalama Creek kewapụrụ, nke ga-ahụ n'anya na Oke ọkụ Pasifik.  tupu eruo Lompoc .  Pịa Santa Ynez na-aga n'ebe ugwu nke ugwu ahụ, na-ahụ ya na ogologo ogologo ha.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ugwu dị n'ime karin Los Padres National Forest, [1] Site na ihu igwe Mediterenian, agwara ụdị na ụdị anụ ndị dị iche iche iche ihe anụmanụ na-adị 1,400 e mere ọbọ.  [1] Ugwu Santa Ynez bụ ụzọ maka anụ obodo si na mpaghara ime ime California.  Anụ njirimara na-agụnye ọkpọm ugwu, anụ kara bea ojii, badgers, ugo ọla edo, na condor California .  [2] Ugwu ndị ahụ yiri Channel Islands dị n'ebe ndịda, ụzo ụzo nke ndị mụrụ– amụ na-ewu ewu nke bụ ike ala nke ugwu Santa Monica .

[9]A na-ewere mmiri dị n'oge oké osimiri dị iche iche ụdị ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nke oké osimiri.  [1] [1] Ụdị na-ahụ ahụkebe a na- ebe a bụ ihe si na mmiri oyi si n'ebe ugwu na-ezute mmiri ọkụ si n'ebe ndịda.  Mbugharị kwa afọ nke ihe dị ka 19,000 Gray whales site na ọwa Santa Barbara nwere ike ịbịaru nso dị ka 100 feet (30 m) site n'ikpere mmiri.  na-egosi mmiri nwere nnukwu nnukwu kelp na ala mmiri na-eje ozi dị ka ebe a na-elekọta maka ọtụtụ ụdị azụ egwu yana ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ụdị egwu na egwu.  [1] Mmiri mmiri nke Gaviota Creek bụ mmiri nwere ike n'ekiri oke osimiri a ma bụrụ abụkwa iyi mkpa nchara nchara na Southern Santa Barbara County.  [2] Refugio Creek bụ otu n'ime nnukwu iyi iyi dị n'ikiri mmiri osimiri wee na-agbadata site na ntụgharị nke ụtụtụ, ebe a na-azụ anụ, na akara ime obodo na okpuru Highway 101 tupu tupu.  ọ banye na Oke okporo Pasifik .

Iji akụrụngwa na nchekwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-ahụ mbara ala dị warara dị n'elu oke osimiri eme ihe nkiri na ịma .  [1] ahụ ahụ nakweere akwụkwọ iji ala dị n'Ụdị oke osimiri na 1982 nke dabara na atumatu na ngosipụta ha iji ikike mma okike.  [2] Ebe echedoro n'ịkpọ US 101 ndị ụgbọ okporo ụzọ na eze nwere ikike mara ụzọ na okporo ụzọ: Gaviota State Park, El Capitan State Beach, na Refugio State Beach .  [1] Enwekwara ọtụtụ ugboro ndị nwere onwe.  [3] Enwere ọtụtụ ebe echedoro mmiri n'ụdị oke osimiri: Point Conception State Marine Reserve, Naples State Marine Conservation Area, na Kashtayit State Marine Conservation Area.

mgbaàmà ndị mmadụ bi na ya nwere nnukwu ebe a na-azụ anụ nwere ọtụtụ ala ejidere na nchekwa ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru iwu Williamson ma jiri ya mee ube oyibo, lemon na ubi ubi osisi ndị ọzọ.  [1] Dos Pueblos, ebe a 214-acre anụ ọhịa (87 ha), kewara dị ka Naples, mana ọ oriọna na-emepe element.  [2] Ebe a na-azụ anụ dị n'ime Rancho Dos Pueblos, 15,535-acre (62.87 km Onyinye ala Mexico, na- na-eri n'etiti Goleta Slough na oke El Capitan State Beach. [3] [4] Dos Pueblos  Institute na-eji ebe a na-azụ anụ dị ka kla asị n'ahụ na-ahụ ọrụ ugbo na-adigide ma na-enye ndị otu Chumash ebe maka emume [5] Ugbo Abalone Cultured, nke dị na ebe a na-  azụ anụ, na-arụkọ ọrụ na Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center na National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center na White Abalone Restoration Consortium, nke na-amụ nke a mmiri mmiri na-etinye n'ihe ize ndụ iweghachi  Ọnụ anụ anụ. Ha na-agbakọkwa aka n'ịkwalite usoro iji kuziere ụgbọ na-ahụ banyere nchekwa mmiri na nchekwa na-adigide . [10]

ami ahụ bụ otu n'ime ebe izizi na California maka isi na gas dị n' mmiri mmiri .  A na-esi na ikpo okwu dị n'ụ mmiri osimiri na-ahụ isiokwu crude na gas .  Enwere ike ịhụ igwe Hondo na Harmony ngwa ngwa n'ụdị osimiri n'ihu Channel Islands na Channel Santa Barbara site na okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko.  [1] Ndị ọrụ na-eji ala na-eme ihe n'ime ime obodo edebewo ebe a na-esi nri na opekempe ebe a na-edozi nri na gas n'ebe a na-enweta ihe mmetụta dị n'ime mmiri tupu tupu.  ebuga ya n'ebe a na-ahụ nri dị anya.

[11] . US 101 na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ejikọta ọnụ n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri nke nwere trestles ụgbọ oloko na-agafe akwa mmiri na-agafe na mkpọda ahụ.[1]  Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2023 gosiri mkpa ọ dị imeziwanye okporo ụzọ anụ ọhịa site n'ịdozi ọwa mmiri iji nabata ụdị buru ibu dị ka mgbada mule na ọdụm ugwu.[2]  Mpaghara dị ogologo (kilomita 34 kilomita 21) nke US 101 sitere na ugwu ugwu Goleta ruo okporo ụzọ steeti 1 na Las Cruces bụ steeti họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ okporo ụzọ mara mma.[3]  Mgbe okporo ụzọ ahụ na-atụgharị n'ime ime obodo na Gaviota State Park, akụkụ bluff dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị ogologo na 30 kilomita (48 km) ebe ndị mmadụ na-agaghị enweta.[4][62]  Ewubere akụkụ 2.5-mile (kilomita 4.0) nke okporo ụzọ Coastal California n'ime Gaviota State Park.[5][6]  A na-amụ nhazi oge nwa oge maka akụkụ okporo ụzọ site na Guadalupe ruo ogige ntụrụndụ steeti.[7][8]  Ụzọ ndị a na-eso Chumash na oge Spanish.[1]

Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Atụmatụ osimiri Gaviota, Ógbè Santa Barbara, Nọvemba 8, 2016
  • Gaviota: The End of Southern California - ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ 2017 na ụdị dị iche iche nke Gaviota Coast na-emesi ike na anụ ọhịa mmiri na terrestrial </img>

Àtụ:California Central Coast

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NPS Cultural
  2. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named KCET 2015-08-20
  3. ↑ Modugno (2019-02-09). Who was El Capitan? (en-US). Goleta History. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved on 2022-02-26.
  4. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NVR 2003-04-09
  5. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NPS letter
  6. ↑ Kacik. "Refugio oil spill pipeline might take five years to get back online", Pacific Coast Business Times, November 5, 2015. Retrieved on November 29, 2015.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Proposed Designation of Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved on 2021-11-11.
  8. ↑ Lehr. "Volunteers mend Alisal Fire line", KEYT NewsChannel 3-12, 2021-12-19. Retrieved on 2021-12-20. (in en-US)
  9. ↑ VENTURA FWO: Biologists Get Into the Dirt to Restore Native Plants at Coastal Riparian Site (en). www.fws.gov (March 28, 2008). Retrieved on 2020-12-18.
  10. ↑ Mason. "Learning first-hand about conservation", Santa Barbara News-Press, 2021-09-15. Retrieved on 2022-01-08. (in en-US)
  11. ↑ California Coastal Trail - Gaviota Segment (en-us). California Department of Parks and Recreation (2007-11-07). Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved on 2021-10-13.
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