Ụtụ isi ike
| obere ụdị nke | tax  |
|---|---|
| ihu nke | Energy |
Ụtụ ike bụ ụtụ isi na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa ike (Fisher et al ., 1996, p. 416). [1] Arụmụka na-akwado ụtụ isi ike gụnyere ịchụso ebumnuche akụ na ụba, dịka mbelata mbelata mmefu ego na 1990s, yana uru gburugburu ebe obibi, ya bụ, mbelata mmetọ (Nellor, 1994, p. 1). [2] Adịghị ike nke ụtụ isi ike bụ na ha na-ebunye ibu (ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa) n'ụdị mbelata mmepụta akụ na ụba na ọrụ (p. 19).
United States[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'afọ 1993, President Bill Clinton tụpụtara ụtụ isi nke BTU . Ụtụ BTU bụ ụdị ụtụ ike (Baron, 1997, p. 14). [3] Ụtụ ahụ gaara atụ ụtụ isi mmanụ ọkụ na-adabere n'ọdịdị okpomọkụ ha ma e wezụga ifufe, anyanwụ na geothermal. Ọ dịghị mgbe nakweere. Ụtụ BTU gafere Ụlọ ahụ, mana ndị Senate jụrụ ya n'ihi mgbalị ndị na-agba ume chịkọtara megide nkuchi ya. Amụma a jụrụ ajụ bụ mmiri, dịka nchịkwa Clinton gbalịrị ịzọpụta mgbalị ha site n'ịchụpụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ụtụ isi na ọnụ ahịa ya karịa ọdịnaya okpomọkụ nke ike. [4] Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Democrats House bụ ndị tozuru oke maka ụtụ isi na ndị tụfuru oche ha na ntuli aka etiti oge 1994, boro ebubo maka ọnwụ ha na votu ha maka ụtụ isi BTU. Inweta "BTU'd" ghọrọ Beltway slang n'oge ahụ maka ndị meriri ntuli aka ọzọ site na ịtụ vootu maka atụmatụ esemokwu ahụ. [5]
Colorado[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na 7 Nọvemba 2006, ụmụ amaala Boulder, Colorado (obodo nwere ihe dị ka 100,000 ndị bi na mgbada ugwu Rocky Mtns) mere ntuli aka maka atụmatụ 202, Boulder Climate Action Plan Tax. Nke ahụ bụ nke mbụ ná mba ahụ nke gọọmenti ime obodo na-amanye ndị bi na ya ụtụ ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo iji lụso okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ọgụ. Ọ na-emetụta oriri ike yana mwepu maka ike carbon-anọpụ iche na ume ọhụrụ (dị ka Xcel Energy 's WindSource).
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Fisher, B.S. (1996). An Economic Assessment of Policy Instruments for Combating Climate Change. In: Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (J.P. Bruce et al. Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. ISBN 978-0-521-56854-8.
- ↑ Nellor, D.C.L. (16 May 1994). Energy Taxes and Macroeconomic Policy Objectives. Series: Papers on Policy Analysis and Assessment No. 94/9. Stock No: PPIEA0091994. International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department. Retrieved on 2010-04-23.
- ↑ Baron, R. (1997). Economic/Fiscal Instruments: Taxation (i.e., Carbon/Energy). Annex I Expert Group on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Working Paper No. 4, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD website. Retrieved on 2010-04-22.
- ↑ Hilzenrath, David S. "Miscalculations, Lobby Effort Doomed Btu Tax Plan." The Washington Post (June 11, 1993).
- ↑ Nordhaus, Ted. "Getting Real on Climate Change," The American Prospect (December 1, 2008).