Ụwa Ntụrụndụ, Maryland
mgbasa ozi bụ ebe ahapụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ na mpaghara njikọ na Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Ọ bụ ihe amachibidoro afọ, mepere emepe nke ndị lara ezumike nka bi. nchịkọta ngụkọ 2020 ọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 9,215. [1] Mara ụwa dum dị ka ebe aha pụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ Rossmoor maka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2000.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmepe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][1]N'afọ 1963, onye Ross Cortese akwụkwọ akwụkwọ maka ihe ngosi zoning iji wuo obodo 1,000-acre nke ụlọ nwere ọkara nke nwe obere ụlọ, ụlọ ime obodo, na ụlọ ụlọ ndị Norbeck, Maryland . [1] Ndị ọrụ Cortese enwetala nhọrọ 1,000 acres nke ala, nke a na-akpọbu traktị Nash, maka $5,000,000, na Cortese mmetụta anya na ọ ga-efu $ 750,000 ọzọ iji wuo ahụ ahụ dị ka eze siri dị. [1] A ga-amachibido ahụ maka ndị bi na ọ malitere ala afọ 52. [1] Cortese zubere iwu ụlọ, ebe igwu mmiri, ebe a na-agba agba, ebe ọkụ, ebe eji, ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ọgwụ. oriri na ndị maka ndị ọbịa, ebe egwuregwu golf nwere oghere 18, na ɔdɔ mmirika 8-acre na saịtị ahụ. [1] Pasent iri isii na ise nke mpaghara ahụ ga-abụ oghere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-emepe . [1] A ga-eji gbaa ebe ahụ dum gburugburu, ndị na-eche nche oge niile ga-ekirikwa . [2] Dị ka dị a si dị, ụlọ co-op ga-adị n'etiti $15,000 na $18,000, nke a ga-onye ya na nkwụghachi $1,000 na-adị nwanwanyị ma emesịa n'etiti $140 na $180. [1] Cortese arụworị Rossmoor Leisure World na Seal Beach, California, na 1961, [3] [4] na ọ na-ewu ụlọ akwụkwọ World Laguna Hills na Laguna Hills, California, na ụwa more na Walnut Creek, California .
Kansụl Obodo Montgomery akwụkwọ mkpọsa mpaghara mpaghara site na votu nke 3 ruo 1, yana 3 akwụkwọ. [1] [2] Onye otu kansụl na-kwekọrọ ekwedo bụ Kathryn E. Diggs, onye kwuru na ya nwere obi abụọ na ngosipụta ahụ ga-aga nke ọma n'ụzọ akụ na-ahụ. [2] Otu ụmụ amaala obodo obodore iwulite ahụ n'ihi na ha mpaghara ahụ ka ọ ngosi na mpaghara maka obere obere n'azụ. [1] Kansụl ahụ nọ na-eme ịgbatị okporo ụzọ Connecticut saịtị na mpaghara ahụ, mana Kansụl ahụ ọrụ ahụ n'ihi ihe a ire. [3] N'ime ọnwa ole na ole, Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission àmà 28,000 ụkwụ mmiri na ahịrị mmiri mmiri maka mgbaàmà. [4] onye ọrụ ihe owuwu nke Collins Kronstadt haziri ụlọ obibi na ụlọ obodo. [5] Thurman D. Donavan haziri nhazi ala, [6] nke natara onyinye site n'aka kọmitii nhazi nhazi ala nke American Association of Nurserymen na November 1966. [7] E gosiri nnukwu ụwa na-ebu n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá.[2]
Ụlọ ọrụ ịre ahịa nke ụwa ntụrụndụ na ụlọ ihe atụ mepere n'August 1965; [3] [4] Loy Sigmon bụ onye nrụpụta ime ụlọ nke mbụ ụlọ asaa ụdị. [5] J. Robert Conybeare jere ozi dị ka onye njikwa ahịa izugbe, [6] na Angus T. Johnson bụ onye nchịkwa mbụ nke obodo. [7]
A na-erere ndị obodo ahụ ahịa maka ndị chọrọ ịnọgide na-arụsi ọrụ ike ka ha bi ebe ahụ. [5] Ọ bụ ezie na amachibidoro ebe obibi maka ndị opekata mpe afọ 52 (emesịa welata ruo afọ 50), a chọghị na mbụ akaebe afọ. [8] Ụwa ntụrụndụ kwere ka ndị si n'agbụrụ nile biri n'ime obodo. [8]
[9]PNdi Foundation of Leisure World, otu 501(c)(3) na-akuaku iya, [1] [2] ya na onye bụbu onye mgbaka ụgbọ mmiri Kenneth E. BeLieu dị ka onye isi ala mbụ. [3] E rere ụlọ dị ka ngalaba-ops, na ọnụ na aha aha na-amalite na $15,000 na-ede akwụkwọ na-egosi na-nwanwanyị nke $85. [4] N'ime ọnwa isii, a na-ererị ụlọ 400.
Ebe ịzụ ahịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][10]A mara ọkwa maka mgbasa ụwa 100,000-square-foot center na October 1965. [1] Atụmatụ ahụ bụ ire ụlọ obibi 9,200 n'ime afọ ise, nhọrọ zuru ezu maka ihe dịka mmadụ 15,640 ibi. [2] Eji Safeway bịanyere aka n'iche ịzụ ahịa, ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ, ụlọ oriri naምክንያ na- ekpo ọkụ Shoppes cafeteria, na Maryland National Bank maka ụlọ na ụlọ dị nso. [1] Ndị ọchịchị Interfaith mebiri ala na October 22, 1965, na-enwe akwụkwọ maka ikike maka mmadụ 500.
Ndị bi na mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị mbụ bi na ya kwagara na Ọgọst 15, 1965. [11] [12] Ndị obodo ahụ mere emume nnabata na oghere nke iri na asatọ nke gọọlfụ maka ndị mbụ bi. [12] Ndị mbụ bi na nkeji iri na abụọ na Gleneagles Drive. [12] Oghere itoolu mbụ nke egwuregwu golf mepere June 1, 1966. [13]
Ịdị nwayọọ na ire ere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na ልኬቶች 1967, Leisure World mgbasa ozi ya site na nke obodo ezumike nka na nke echiche echiche obodo maka ndị okenye. [1] Ndị ụfọdụ ire nke ndị na-ahụ maka ntụrụndụ na World Leisure na September 1967 mgbe ndị na-ahụ anya siri ike gbagoro ọnụ ahịa ma dị ala ụfọdụ ọmụrụ nwa a na-anya anya ya. [1] ahia ahia na January 1, 1968. [2] Ịre akara ka na-eji ọrụ, ego onye na-ebu n'ala ndị ahụ tọgbọrọ chakoo buru ibu, na steeti US nke Maryland amachibidoro ọzọ na mpaghara ruo arụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nchekwa mmiri ọhụrụ, nke niile gbochiri obere ihe owuwu ọzọ. [3] Onye nna ahụ kwuru na ọ ga-adị mkpa ka e mepepụta ala nke ike n'efu n'ikpeazụ, ebe ọ bụ mkpa ndị ọzọ bi na ya iji kwado ụlọ ọrụ saịtị na-akwụ ụgwọ kwa ọnwa. [3] N'October 1974, World Leisure kagburu ịre maka ụlọ 480 nwere nwe obere ụlọ na ụlọ ndị dị ala n'ihi na onu oriri ọnụla ọnụ ihe owuwu na ọ dịghịkwa ihe doro anya mgbe a ga-ewu ụlọ ndị ahụ. . [4] ọnwa ise ka e hụ, Leisure World nyere maka ọrụ ọzọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ mụbara. [5] Na September 1976, onye akwụkwọ ahụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ mmiri na-ekpofu ihe dị 300,000 galọn. [6] Ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu afụ ka nke ahụ ahụ, bụ onye ikike ahụ gbara steeti akwụkwọ, na-ekwu na Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission emezughị 1965 iji nye njikọ mmiri na ọwa mmiri na mpaghara n'ihi na Ngalaba akụkọ na usoro nke Maryland nyere iwu ka njikọ ọwa mmiri na mpaghara ahụ. 1973. [7] Onye nkọwa ahụ, na o jisiri ike wuo ebe a na-achọ ihe mmiri site n'aka mmụọ Montgomery County iji zere nnukwu ego. [14]
John E. Byrne, Jr., onye njikwa nke Leisure World, kwetara ịzụta Leisure World n'aka Ross Coriese n'August 1968, [15] mana ereghị ya. N'April 1969, ụlọ ọrụ Crane kwetara ịzụta World Leisure World site na Coriese. [16] E mebiri nkwekọrịta ahụ ọnwa anọ ka e mesịrị site na nkwenye ọnụ. [17] Na February 1970, Zero Manufacturing Company kwetara ịzụrụ Rossmoor Corporation, onye mmepụta nke ntụrụndụ World. [18]
Ọkụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na Machị 1, 1968, ọkụ dara n'otu ụlọ ụlọ nwere okpukpu abụọ na Gleneagles Drive na World Leisure. [19] [20] Ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ 100 kọrọ gbasara ọkụ ahụ. [19] Ọkụ ahụ mebiri ụlọ anọ nke e mere atụmatụ na ha ruru $100,000. [19] Enwere otu mmerụ ahụ; Chief Sidney Bailey nke Sandy Spring Fire Department nwetara ọgwụgwọ maka ọkụ n'anya. [19] [20] Ọkụ gburu otu nwanyị n'ụlọ ya na Chiswick Court n'October 1969. [21] Na May 1976, ọkụ gbara n'ụlọ elu dị okpukpu atọ na Glen Eagle Drive. [22] Otu narị ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ kọrọ maka ọkụ ahụ. [22] Naanị mmerụ ahụ bụ onye mgbanyụ ọkụ nwere mkpịsị aka gbajiri agbaji. [22] Ọkụ ahụ bibiri ụlọ iri na abụọ, ezinụlọ iri na abụọ ahụ nwekwara ndị enyi na ezinụlọ ha kwabatara. [22] N’ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, ọkụ n’isi ụtụtụ gburu otu onye ma chụpụ mmadụ 40 ndị ọzọ bi ebe ahụ. [23]
Mgbanwe na atụmatụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Worldlọ ntụrụndụ jụrụ Montgomery County maka nkwado iji belata afọ obibi ya kacha nta site na 50 ruo 40, mana Montgomery County anabataghị mgbanwe ahụ. [24] N'August 12, 1968, Leisure World jụrụ Montgomery County Planning Board ka ọ wepụ oke afọ kpamkpam, mana Montgomery County Planning Board anabataghị mgbanwe ahụ. [15] N'August 23, 1968, Leisure World mere arịrịọ ọzọ ka ha kwụsị njedebe afọ maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara ala ahụ, na Montgomery County Planning Board anabataghị arịrịọ ahụ ọzọ. [25] [26] Montgomery County Planning Board ekwenyela ịgbanwe mpaghara mpaghara ala ahụ site na njupụta dị ala gaa na njupụta dị elu na ọnọdụ na ndị niile bi na ya ga-eru afọ 50 ma ọ bụ karịa na, na votu nke 4–1, Montgomery County Planning Board agaghị ekwe ka Ụwa Ntụrụndụ pụọ. nke nkwekọrịta ya. [25] Na Disemba 31, 1968, Kansụl Montgomery County kpebiri ikwe ka mgbanwe gaa na oke afọ maka ihe dịka pasentị 40 nke ala ahụ, n'agbanyeghị mmegide nke Montgomery County Planning Board. [27] Otu akụkụ nke mkparita uka ahụ, Leisure World kwetara ịzụlite akụkụ ala na-enweghị njedebe dịka mmepe dị iche. [28] Na February 1971, ezinụlọ atọ bi nso gbara akwụkwọ maka igbochi ịrụ ihe dị ka ụlọ 2,500. [29] Ndị gbara akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ 2,500 na-enweghị mgbochi afọ ga-adị ukwuu karịa ka e bu n'obi na mbụ n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ ga-abụ ezinụlọ. [29] Ndị na-agba akwụkwọ kwuru na ndị ọzọ bi na ya ga-eme ka mmụba nke ụgwọ ọrụ ọha na eze na mbelata nke ihe onwunwe ha. [29]
Geography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka mpaghara enweghị ụlọ ọrụ, akọwaghị oke nke oge ntụrụndụ, mana ọ bụ ogige gburugburu obodo kọwapụtara ya n'usoro n'usoro.
[30]Otú ọ dị, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ nke United States na United States Geological Survey nabatara World dị ka ebe ahapụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ,
Dị ka United States Census Bureau si kwuo, ebe ahụ nwere mkpokọta 1.1 square miles (2.8 km , ala niile.
Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ime ndị bi n'etiti 2011 na 2015, 23% na-asụ asụsụ ọzọ na-abụghị Bekee n'ụlọ. [30]
N'ihe dị ka afọ 2015, n'ime ndị dị afọ 25 ma ọ bụ karịa, 92% gụchara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na 46% enwetala akara ugo mmụta bachelor. [30]
N'ime ndị bi na 16 ma ọ bụ karịa, 26% na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ nkịtị. Oge njem ha ji aga ọrụ bụ nkeji iri atọ na atọ. Ọnụ ego ezinụlọ na-akpata bụ $53,175. N'ime ndị bi na ya, 7% nọ n'okpuru ọkwa ịda ogbenye . [30]
2010
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ozi ngụkọ nke 2010, [1] na-amụ mmadụ 8,749 bi na ezina mmetụta 5,803 na mpaghara ahụ. Nkezi ezina bụ 1.57. ezi ndị bi na ya bụ mmadụ 7,997 kwa maịlụ square. [30]
[30]Ụdị nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 75% Ọcha, 17% African American, 0.1% American American, 4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, na 2% sitere na ụdị abụọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ. Hispanic ma ọ bụ Latino nke ire ọ lụba bụ 7% nke ndị bi na ya. 71% bụ ndị ọcha na ọ bụghị Hispanic ma ọ bụ Latino.
Ndị bi na ya gụnyere ndị agha agha 1,444 . Ndị amụrụ na mba ofesi nwere 23% nke ndị bi na ya. [30]
2000
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dịka ngụkọ [50] nke afọ 2000, e nwere mmadụ 7,569, ezinụlọ 4,857, na ezinụlọ 1,792 bi na mpaghara ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya bụ mmadụ 6,918.0 kwa maịl (2,671.1/km2). Enwere ụlọ 5,347 na nkezi njupụta nke 4,887.1 kwa square mile (1,886.9/km2). Ihe mejupụtara agbụrụ nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 83.15% White, 11.57% African American, 0.04% Native American, 1.74% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.81% sitere na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, yana 1.66% sitere na agbụrụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Hispanic ma ọ bụ Latino nke agbụrụ ọ bụla bụ 4.43% nke ndị bi na ya.
Enwere ezinụlọ 4,857, n'ime ndị 3.5% nwere ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ 18 bi na ha, 32.4% bụ ndị di na nwunye bi, 3.8% nwere nwanyị nwe ụlọ na-enweghị di, na 63.1% bụ ndị na-abụghị ezinụlọ. 61.2% nke ezinụlọ niile bụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, na 56.8% nwere onye bi naanị ya bụ afọ 65 ma ọ bụ karịa. Onuawa bi a wadi mfe 1.53 a na ɔyɛ asafo mu panyin a na ɔyɛ ɔkwampaefo titiriw no hyia 2.33.
Na mpaghara ndị bi na-agbasa, yana 5.2% n'okpuru afọ 18, 1.8% si 18 ruo 24, 6.8% si 25 ruo 44, 9.7% si 45 ruo 64, na 76.5% ndị dị afọ 65 afọ ma ọ bụ karịa. . Ọkara afọ bụ afọ 77. Maka ụmụ nwanyị 100 ọ bụla, e nwere ụmụ nwoke 52.5. Maka ụmụ nwanyị 100 ọ bụla dị afọ 18 gbagoro, enwere ụmụ nwoke 50.9.
ego nke otu isiokwu nọ n' isha ahụ bụ $45,945, na ego otu ngwa na-akpata bụ $63,773. Ụmụ nwoke nwere ego ruru $54,408 yankin $36,038 maka ụmụ anụmanụ. Ego onye ọ banyere maka mpaghara ahụ bụ $37,761. Ihe dị ka 1.0% nke akara na 4.1% nke ndị bi n'okpuru ogbenye, enweghị nke ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 18 na 4.1% nke ndị dị afọ 65 ma ọ bụ akụkụ.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Willmann, John B. "Proposed Community Seen As Area Test of Yen For Adult Togetherness: Community Proposed For Adults 52 and Over".
- ↑ Von Eckardt, Wolf.
- ↑ "Leisure World To Open Office".
- ↑ "Leisure World Open at Norbeck".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wagner, Ruth.
- ↑ "Rossmoor Names Sales Manager".
- ↑ "Community For After-52".
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lanahan, Scottie.
- ↑ "Plans Laid to Sell W&L Stock Block".
- ↑ "Ecumenical Spirit at Work".
- ↑ "Occupancy Set Aug. 15 At Rossmoor".
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Rossmoor Leisure World To Honor First Residents".
- ↑ "Leisure World Names VP".
- ↑ Saperstein, Saundra.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hundt, Reed.
- ↑ Goodman, S. Oliver.
- ↑ "Crane Co. Abandons Plan to Acquire Rossmoor".
- ↑ "California Firm To Buy Rossmoor: Leisure World Communities".
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "Wheaton Fire Causes $100,000 In Damage".
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Town House Block Hit by Fierce Fire".
- ↑ "Rockville Woman, 61, Dies In House Fire".
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Barringer, Felicity.
- ↑ 1 dead, over 40 residents displaced after fire at Leisure World of Maryland (en). WTOP (2020-11-28). Retrieved on 2020-11-29.
- ↑ Rovner, Sandy.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Rossmoor Plea Again Is Denied".
- ↑ Feinberg, Lawrence.
- ↑ "Zoning Eased in Rossmoor: Montgomery Moves To Aid Community For Retired".
- ↑ Edwards, Paul G. "Rossmoor Zoning Plan Is Relaxed by Council".
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Scharfenberg, Kirk.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 "Leisure World CDP, Maryland".