Ụzọ e si apụ na ịda ogbenye
Pathways Out of Poverty (POP) bụ mmemme mmepe ndị ọrụ America hibere na Ọgọst 14, 2009 site n'aka ọchịchị Obama wee kwado ya site na American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) nke 2009. Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọrụ kwupụtara ndị nyere POP na Jenụwarị 13, 2010. [1] POP na-ezubere ndị mmadụ bi n'okpuru ma ọ bụ nso ọkwa ịda ogbenye iji nye ha nkà dị mkpa iji banye n'ahịa ọrụ ndụ ndụ ndụ, na-elekwasị anya na ike ike na ụlọ ọrụ ume ọhụrụ. Mmemme ọzụzụ a na-elekwasị anya n'ịkụzi agụmagụ akwụkwọ na nkà ịdị njikere ọrụ. Ụfọdụ mmemme na-enyekwa nkwado nkwado na nlekọta ụmụaka na ụgbọ njem iji merie ihe mgbochi nke ọrụ. [2]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụzọ ọpụpụ nke ịda ogbenye bụ nke United States Department of Labour ’s Employment and Training Administration na-ahụ maka ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde $150 bụ ARRA nyere ikike ma nye ya ego sitere na $2 nde-$8 nde gaa na ụlọ ọrụ obodo asatọ na mpaghara 30 maka inye ọzụzụ na ọrụ ntinye maka “iji nye ụzọ pụọ na ịda ogbenye na banye n'ọrụ.” [2] Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ gbara ndị na-achọ akwụkwọ ume ka ha lekwasị anya n'ijere Mpaghara Micro Data (PUMAs) ozi na ọnụego ịda ogbenye nke 15 pasent ma ọ bụ karịa. [2]
Ụzọ si na ịda ogbenye bụ akụkụ nke "mgbidi nke anọ" nke mmepe akụ na ụba, nke na-akọwapụta usoro gburugburu ebe obibi . [3]
Ọnọdụ bụ isi nke POP bụ ọzụzụ nke ndị nwere nsogbu maka "ọrụ n'ime arụmọrụ ike yana ụlọ ọrụ ume ọhụrụ." [2] A na-akpọ ụdị ọrụ a mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka "ọrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" ma ọ bụ ọrụ "green-collar" . Dị ka onyinye POP nyere ikike, ndị na-enye onyinye ahụ na-elekwasị anya ndị nwere obere ego, ndị agha agha, ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ndị kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, ndị bụbu ndị omempụ, na ndị nwere oke Bekee. [2] Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ndị nyere onyinye na-akọ na ha na-ewe ndị nnata enyemaka ọha, ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị ọrụ megoro agadi, ụmụ nwanyị, ndị pere mpe, na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. [2]
Onye ọ bụla nyere onyinye nweere onwe ya ịhọrọ na ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta ya na nzukọ ọ bụla, gụnyere ọha, nkeonwe, na ọ bụghị maka uru. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ndị mmekọ gụnyere kọleji obodo, ụlọ akwụkwọ teknụzụ, otu ndị dabere na okwukwe, otu ndị nwere obodo, na otu azụmaahịa . [2]
Ndị enyemaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọrụ kwupụtara òtù 38 nke mba na mpaghara ga-anata onyinye na Jenụwarị 13, 2010. [1] Ndị nyere maka Pathways Out of Poverty (POP) nwere ụdị abụọ: (1) mba anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke jikọtara ya na ndị otu mpaghara; na (2) otu ọha na eze na mpaghara na ndị na-abụghị uru.
Enwere ndị enyemaka mba asatọ:
| Nhazi | Ebe | Ọnụ ego nrite | Enyere ndị sonyere ya ozi |
|---|---|---|---|
| East Harlem Employment Services Inc. [1] | New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Hartford, CT; Benton, MI; Flint, MI; Baltimore, MD | $4,728,419 | Ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, ndị kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na ndị nwere ndekọ mpụ |
| Goodwill Industries International (GII) [2] | Atlanta, GA; Austin, TX; Charlotte, NC; Grand Rapids, MI; Phoenix, AZ; Washington, DC | $7,303,634 | Ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na-adịghị ala ala, ndị omekome mbụ, ndị ọrụ agadi, ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, na ndị kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị |
| Ọrụ maka Future Inc. (JFF) [3] | Chicago, IL; Detroit, MI; Los Angeles, CA; Milwaukee, WI; Philadelphia, PA | $7,997,936 | Ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị nwere nsogbu |
| MDC Inc. [4] | Charlotte, NC; North Charleston, SC; Mpaghara Orangeburg, Calhoun, na Bamberg, SC; Mpaghara maara ihe na Dickenson, VA; Scott County, VA | $3,780,816 | Ndị na-arụ ọrụ obere ụgwọ na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ |
| Njikọ Mba nke Kansụl Mpaghara (NARC) [5] | Apache Junction, AZ; Bisbee, AZ; Midland, TX; Odessa, TX; Dayton, OH | $7,994,999 | Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-amachaghị Bekee, ụmụ amaala America, na ndị mejọrọ mbụ |
| National Council of La Raza [6] | San Jose, CA; San Diego, CA; Chicago, IL | $3,063,839 | Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ndị na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị nwere oke mmụta Bekee |
| Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America Inc. [7] | Asheville, NC; Mpaghara Broward, FL; Phoenix, AZ | $4,900,000 | Ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, ndị kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na ndị nwere ndekọ mpụ |
| Ụlọ ọrụ PathStone [8] | Rochester, NY; Scranton, PA; Juana Diaz, Santa Isabel, na Villalba, PR; na Arroyo, Coamo, Guayama, na Salinas, PR | $8,000,000 | Ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, ndị kwụsịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na ndị nwere ndekọ mpụ |
Enyere Ọzụzụ Ndị Ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Iji sonye na mmemme ahụ, ndị na-enye onyinye ga-enye ọzụzụ ọrụ ndụ ndụ ndụ. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nyere onyinye ahụ na-akọ na-enye ọzụzụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ maka ndị sonyere ha na akwụkwọ enyemaka mbụ. Ọtụtụ ndị sonyere nwere ike ịchọ karịa ọzụzụ ọrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ka ha wee pụọ na ịda ogbenye; "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: Pathways Out of Poverty Grants" na-ezo aka na POP dị ka "itinye ọzụzụ na ọrụ nkwado n'ime mmemme jikọrọ ọnụ nke ga-enyere ndị mmadụ ezubere iche aka ịchọta ụzọ isi pụọ na ịda ogbenye na inwe afọ ojuju akụ na ụba." [2] Ndị na-enye onyinye na-akọ na-enye ọzụzụ ọzụzụ, isi na "nkà dị nro", nkuzi mmezi/ọrụ GED, Bekee nye ndị na-ekwu okwu n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ, nkuzi ịgụ akwụkwọ, ọzụzụ kọmputa, ọzụzụ ịzụ ahịa, yana ọrụ nkwado na ntinye aka. [2] Na mgbakwunye, akwụkwọ inye onyinye nwere ike ọ gaghị emetụta oke ọrụ ndị nyere onyinye nyere.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-enye onyinye na-akọ na ha na-eweghachi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, [2] agụmakwụkwọ remedial na ọrụ GED nwere ike ịchọrọ tupu ndị na-ewe ọrụ enwe ike isonye na mmemme ọzụzụ ọrụ ndụ ndụ na-achọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala diploma diploma. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ndị na-enye onyinye na-akọ na ha na-ewe ndị mmadụ nwere ọkwa agụghị akwụkwọ dị ala yana ọsụ asụsụ Bekee dị ala, na-eme ka ịnye ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ nkuzi nkuzi na Bekee.
"Nkà dị nro" na-ezo aka na "uwe, asụsụ, n'oge, na ọnọdụ," yana àgwà omume ndị ọzọ. [4] Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta ekwuola na enweghị nkà ndị a na-akpata nnukwu ihe mgbochi nye ndị ọ na-enweghị ka ọ hà ha ọrụ karịa enweghị nkà na ụzụ ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ. [3] Ihe dị ka mmadụ iri na asaa n'ime ndị nyere onyinye POP kwuru hoo haa na-enyere ndị sonyere aka na "ikike isi ma ọ bụ dị nro." [2]
Ọrụ nkwado na ihe mkpuchi nwere ike ịgụnye nlekọta ụmụaka n'efu, enyemaka na ụgbọ njem, na ndụmọdụ. Ihe dị ka ndị nyere onyinye iri na isii edepụtara na-enye ụdị ọrụ ndị a, n'agbanyeghị na ha edepụtaghị ọrụ akọwapụtara. [2] Nnyocha na-egosi na ịnye ụdị ọrụ ndị a dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme mmepe ndị ọrụ nwere ike inye aka melite nsonye mmemme na ibelata njedebe. [5]
Nsonaazụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ebe ọ bụ na ekwuputara ndị nyere onyinye naanị na Jenụwarị 2010, amabeghị nsonaazụ sitere na mmemme a. Agbanyeghị, ndị nyere onyinye depụtara nsonaazụ ndị a tụrụ aro na ọnụọgụ ndị sonyere debanyere aha, ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ ga-emecha ọzụzụ, ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ ga-emecha akara ma ọ bụ asambodo, yana ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ iji nweta ọrụ. [2]
Nsonaazụ atụpụtara site n'aka ndị enyemaka mba (n'ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ):
| Nhazi | Debanye aha | Ọzụzụ zuru oke | Nata Degree ma ọ bụ Asambodo | Nweta ọrụ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Harlem Employment Services Inc. [9] | 1,819 | 881 | ||
| Goodwill Industries International (GII) [10] | 1,300 | 571 | ||
| Ọrụ maka Future Inc. (JFF) [11] | 1,130 | 997 | 770 | 910 |
| MDC Inc. [12] | 700 | 400 | ||
| Njikọ Mba nke Kansụl Mpaghara (NARC) [13] | 500 | 500 | ||
| National Council of La Raza [14] | 161 | 161 | ||
| Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America Inc. [15] | 1,350 | 1,066 | ||
| Ụlọ ọrụ PathStone [16] | 1,176 | 616 |
Nsonaazụ atụpụtara site na ndị nyere onyinye mpaghara (n'ọnụọgụ ndị mmadụ):
| Organization | Enroll | Complete Training | Receive Degree or Certificate | Gain Employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative Opportunities Inc. [17] | 200 | 80% of graduates | ||
| Better Family Life Inc. (BFL) [18] | 900 | 700 | ||
| Boley Centers Inc. [19] | 150 | 125 | ||
| Citrus Levy Marion Regional Workforce Development Board Inc. [20] | 665 | 556 | ||
| City of Minneapolis [21] | 500 | 400 | 300 | |
| CNY Works Inc. [22] | 750 | 366 | 293 | |
| Community College of Philadelphia [23] | 250 | 225 | 203 | |
| Consortium for Worker Education [24] | 425 | 297 | ||
| Eastern Maine Development Corp. [25] | 105 | 90 | ||
| Florida State College at Jacksonville [26] | 390 | 332 | 282 | |
| Grand Rapids Community College [27] | 1,080 | 302 | ||
| It's My Community Initiative [28] | 236 | 200 | ||
| Lehigh Valley Workforce Investment Board, Inc. [29] | 200 | 100 | 75 | |
| Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD)[30] | 925 | 667 | ||
| Mi Casa Resource Center [31] | 500 | 400 | 150 | 50 |
| Mott Community College(MCC) [32] | 200 | 140 | ||
| Mountrie Technical College [33] | 260 | 208 | ||
| Northern Rural Training and Employment Consortium (NoRTEC) [34] | 554 | 420 | 420 | |
| Private Industry Council of Westmoreland/Fayette Inc. [35] | 250 | 120 | ||
| Providence Economic Development Partnership [36] | 300 | 180 | ||
| Roca Inc. [37] | 225 | 140 | ||
| SER - Jobs for Progress of the Texas Gulf Coast Inc. [38] | 300 | 300 | ||
| Southeast Community College Area [39] | 400 | 220 | 180 | 192 |
| Southwest Housing Solutions Corp. (SWHS) [40] | 360 | 310 | ||
| West Hills Community College District [41] | 150 | 126 | ||
| Western Iowa Tech Community College (WITCC) [42] | 300 | 300 | ||
| White Earth Band of Chippewa [43] | 240 | 100 | ||
| Workforce Development of Seattle-King County [44] | 450 | 365 | ||
| The WorkPlace Inc. [45] | 700 | 500 | 350 | |
| Worksystems Inc. [46] | 360 | 300 | 200 | 180 |
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 US Department of Labor announces $150 million in ‘Pathways Out of Poverty’ training grants for green jobs. U.S. Department of Labor.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: Pathways Out of Poverty Grants. U.S. Department of Labor.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Blair (2009). Local Economic Development: Analysis, Practices, and Globalization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- ↑ Blair (2009). Local Economic Development: Analysis, Practices, and Globalization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- ↑ Blakely (2010). Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.