Abigail Stoneman
Abigail Stoneman (amụrụ mgbe 1740, fl 1760 ruo 1777) bụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke Colonial America nke na-arụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na tii na ụlọ kọfị na Rhode Island, Massachusetts, na New York. O nyere ihe ntụrụndụ na ịgba egwú.
Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na narị afọ nke 18, ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụmụ nwanyị na-azụ ahịa. Ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ego ọ bụla nwanyị nwere tupu ya enwee ma ọ bụ nweta n'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya bụ di ya na-elekọta ya. Stoneman ghọrọ nwanyị naanị nwanyị di ya nwụrụ ma nwee ike rụọ ọrụ azụmaahịa yana jikwaa mkpebi ego ya.
Oge ọ malitere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Amaghị afọ Abigail mụrụ na nne na nna ya, ma e mere atụmatụ na a mụrụ ya mgbe afọ 1740 gasịrị. Onye nkwusa bụ́ Solomon Southwick kọwara ya iji mee ka onye nwe ụlọ ahịa na-eme nke ọma bụrụ onye a ma ama nke ọma ka ọ lụrụ nwanyị.
Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Abigail nwetara aha nna Stoneman site n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya, ma eleghị anya Samuel Stoneman, onye isi ndị agha Rhode Island bụ onye lụrụ ọgụ na French na Indiana n'etiti 1757 na 1760. Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka n'oge agha ahụ megide Crown Point na Canada. E kweere na di ya anwụọla n’afọ 17602]
Stoneman nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ mgbe o guzobere azụmahịa ya na Boston (1770). O nwekwara ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị ohu abụọ n'oge ahụ.[1].
Stoneman biri na nnukwu ụlọ dị na Marlborough Street wee gaa Nzukọ Nzukọ-nsọ nke Mbụ. E zuru ụlọ ya ụfọdụ china na $100 Spanish na 17662]
Nwanyị Ọchụnta ego
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na May 1767, Stoneman mepere ụlọ kọfị na ụlọ ahịa ngwaahịa sitere na West Indies na Newport nke a na-akpọ The Merchant's Coffee House. E hiwere ya na akara nke ogwe aka eze.[1] Iji nweta ego n'oge njem nlegharị anya n'oge okpomọkụ, ọ mepere azụmahịa n'obodo Middletown dị nso na 1768 wee gbakwunye ụlọ ịgba bọọlụ n'afọ na-esote. O nyere "ụlọ obibi genteel" na nri, dị ka syllabub, oroma na lemon cheesecake, achịcha na tart.[1] N'October 1769, ọ kwagara Whitehall (na Middletown) nke ọ kpọrọ Vauxhall. George Berkeley ebiela n'ụlọ ahụ
Na March 1770, ogbugbu Boston mere na King Street (ugbu a State Street). Mwakpo ahụ mere n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ Stoneman nwetara ma rụzie ya. Stoneman nyere kọfị kọfị na ebe obibi nwa oge na azụmahịa Boston ya site na 1770 ruo 1772. Otu n'ime ndị na-abanye ya, William Blodget, nyere ọrụ ndekọ ego ma na-ese ihe osise nke Stoneman na nwa ya nwanyị.
Ọ laghachiri Middletown ka ọ na-erule June 1772 wee rụọ ọrụ Vauxhall maka oge njem nlegharị anya n'oge okpomọkụ. N'oge oyi, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na British Coffee House na Newport. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị ọzọ na kọfị ma ọ bụ ụlọ tii.[1][2] Nanị nwanyị na Newport mere nke a n'oge ahụ, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ịṅụ mmanya iji rụọ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, King's Arms, n'oge oyi na ọnwa mmiri.[3] Ọ na-enye ebe obibi, ntụrụndụ, na ịgba egwú, bụ́ ebe nanị ndị ikom na-akwụ ụgwọ ịgba egwú.[2] Ọ kpọsakwara na ya nwere tebụl billiard ọ na-adọta ndị ahịa. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ bụ ebe a na-enwe nzukọ Mgbakọ Newport na mgbede Tọzdee.
N'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-enye ego ma gbasaa azụmahịa ya. N'otu ikpe, otu n'ime ndị ahịa ya, Benjamin Wickham, bịanyere aka na IOU maka £ 13 na itoolu nke klọb site n'otu n'ime kaadị ya na Machị 20, 1769. O mechara bụrụ ihe akaebe na ikpe na Stoneman tinyere akwụkwọ maka ịghara ịkwụ ụgwọ.[11] Ọ bụkwa ihe akaebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụzọ e si eme azụmahịa na narị afọ nke 18 nakwa na Stoneman ga-eji usoro ikpe mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji dozie ụgwọ ya.[11] O tinyere ọkwa na Newport Mercury iji nakọta ụgwọ, naanị nwanyị nọ n'obodo ahụ mere ya n'oge ahụ. Stoneman mepụtara mmekọrịta azụmahịa nke ndị ọgaranya.[13] Ya na ndị ọzọ na-azụ ahịa, bụ ndị bụkwa ndị ahịa ya bụ ndị ọ na-enye otuto. Ha gụnyere Eastons, Coggeshalls, na ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ na-eduga na Newport. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye ọchụnta ego na-aga nke ọma dabere na ikike ya imeziwanye ego na azụmaahịa ya. [14][10]
Alụmdi na nwunye nke Abụọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ si Newport lụrụ onye Bekee a na-akpọ aha mgbe ọ lụrụ John Treville, onye Knight of Malta na Hampton, Connecticut na August 28, 1774. Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị agha ịnyịnya nke Ọrụ Onye Kraịst Kasị Elu. [7] Ọ rere ihe onwunwe ya mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ahụ gasịrị ma soro di ya kwaga New York.[7]
E nwere echiche ole na ole banyere ihe mere di ya. O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ gbapụrụ mgbe o mebiri ọtụtụ ego ya ma ọ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ dị ka onye na-akwado ya na Agha nke Nnwere Onwe.[7]
New York
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 25, 1777, Stoneman guzobere London Coffee-House na Broad Street n'ihe bụzi Lower Manhattan nke New York City. Dị ka azụmaahịa ya gara aga, ọ na-enye ebe obibi, ntụrụndụ, na mmiri na-enye ume ọhụrụ. N'ime mgbasa ozi maka azụmahịa ahụ, o kwuru na ọ ji ụgwọ maka "ịdị mma na mmadụ" nke ndị agha Britain.[7] Ọ na-enye nri ụtụtụ na nri abalị. Azụmaahịa ahụ dị nso na Fraunces Queen's Head (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Fraunces Tavern).
Ihe odide
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Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Hartigan-O'Connor (2009). The ties that buy : women and commerce in revolutionary America. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4144-0.
- James (1971). Notable American women 1607-1959 : a biographical dictionary. Cambridge, Mass. : Belknap Press, 390–391. ISBN 978-0-674-62734-5.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- (2007) in Commire, Anne: Dictionary of Women Worldwide. 25,000 women through the ages. Three volumes.. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications.