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Abortion in Belgium

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

E kwadoro ite ime na Belgium nke ọma na 4 Eprel 1990, na-esochi arụkwaghịm nke Eze Baudouin nwa oge n'ihi akọ na uche.[1]

Usoro a bụ nke iwu kwadoro ruo izu iri na abụọ ka a tụchara ime (izu iri na anọ ka nwanyị dị ime gwụchara oge ịhụ nsọ).[1][2] Nwanyị dị ime kwesịrị ịnata ndụmọdụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụbọchị isii tupu ite ime ahụ na ịgakwuru dọkịta ya ka ọ nyochaa ahụike ya n'ime izu ole na ole ka usoro ahụ gasịrị.[2]. A na-anabata ite ime ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye ahụike nwanyị ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na achọpụtara ihe ize ndụ nke ịmụ nwa n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ.[2]

Nchịkọta

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Hunger strike in Ghent in January 1973 by members of the Dolle Mina group for the right to abortion and against the arrest of Dr. Willy Peers.

Ebu ụzọ machibido ite ime na Belgium na-enweghị isi site na edemede 348 ruo 353 nke Usoro Mpụ Belgian nke 1867. A kọwaziri ite ime dị ka otu n'ime mpụ "megide usoro ezinụlọ na megide omume ọha." Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nanị ole na ole ikpe banyere ite ime weere ọnọdụ ruo 1923, bụ́ mgbe ndị omeiwu Belgian wepụrụ iwu nke Henry Carton de Wiart sitere na Pati Katọlik webatara na 1913 (ma a naghị arụrịta ụka n'ụzọ nkịtị ruo mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị). maka mkpali ime ime yana mgbasa ozi na nkwalite mgbochi ime.[1] 'Eme ime ọgwụgwọ' weere ọnọdụ na 1940 n'ụlọ ọgwụ ụfọdụ, ebe ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ atụmatụ ezinụlọ mere na 1960 ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ndị na-asụ French na Belgium.[3]

N'afọ 1970, dọkịta na-ahụ maka ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị Dr. Willy Peers (fr; nl) guzobere Belgian Society for the Legalisation of Abortion (SBLA). N'otu afọ ahụ, National Council of Belgian Women haziri arụmụka banyere ite ime na netwọk na-eguzobe iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị kwụsị ime ha. Ìgwè Marie Mineur dị na Wallonia jikọtara ụmụ nwanyị na ndị dọkịta na-ewepụ afọ ime, ebe ìgwè Dolle Mina dị na Flanders kpọọrọ ụmụ nwanyị gaa Netherlands ịchọ ite ime. N'afọ 1971, e tinyere Iwu Callewaert na mgbalị iji mee ka ite ime bụrụ ihe iwu na Belgium na nke mbụ ya, mana enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.[4]

On 18 January 1973, Dr. Peers was arrested for performing more than 300 abortions in the Namur region. He spent 34 days in prison; demonstrations for his release and in favour of a revision of the law were attended by several hundred thousand people. The mobilisation gave rise to a 'judicial truce' by which prosecutors agreed not to prosecute doctors for performing abortions.

N'agbata afọ 1974 na afọ 1978, e nwere nkwụsịtụ na arụmụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị banyere ite ime. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ekwe ka ụfọdụ ite ime na-abụghị nke gọọmentị kwadoro (ma kwụọ ụgwọ site na ụfọdụ mutualities) ma ọ bụrụhaala na edebanyere aha ha dị ka 'curettage'. E mere atụmatụ na a na-ewepụ afọ ime 20,000 kwa afọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ite ime nzuzo e mere n'otu oge ahụ ka e mere atụmatụ na ọ dị elu dị ka 74,000-150,000 (ma e jiri ya tụnyere 100,000 ọmụmụ kwa afọ). [5] E mepụtara òtù nkwado ọhụrụ maka iwu nke ite ime, dị ka Kọmitii maka Decriminalisation of Abortion na 1976, Kọmitii Maka Ịkwụsị Usoro Iwu na 1978, na Action Group of Out-of-Hospital Abortion Centres (GACEHPA) n'otu afọ ahụ.N'ikpeazụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọkàiwu kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ahụ na 1978. E kpere ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ikpe na Brussels n'afọ 1983.   [citation needed]

1990 esemokwu iwu

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Ihe a tụrụ atụ nke Eze Baudouin n'èzí Katidral nke St. Michael na St. Gudula, Brussels.

N'ihi mmetụta nke Chọọchị Katọlik, na okwukwe onwe onye nke Eze Baudouin, Belgium nọgidere bụrụ otu n'ime obere mba Europe ebe ite ime bụ iwu na-akwadoghị mgbe mgbanwe dị iche iche na iwu na ikike ndị ọzọ na 1960s na 1970s. Mgbe e tiri iwu na-eme ka ite ime tọhapụ, ọ bụ ihe arụmụka nye ọtụtụ ndị Belgium.[6]

Ndị Senate Lucienne Herman-Michielsens na Roger Lallemand bu ụzọ tinye iwu iji mee ka ite ime tọhapụ na mbido afọ 1990, n'agbanyeghị mmegide nke Christian People's Party na-achị, a kwadoro iwu ahụ na nkwado nke njikọ aka ekpe nke Socialistische Partij na Parti Socialiste, na ndị otu nnwere onwe na Chamber of Representatives.

Nzukọ Episcopal nke Belgium, na-anọchite anya ndị bishọp Katọlik nke mba ahụ, rịọrọ ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu ha na nkwupụta ihu ọha nke kọwara mmegide Roman Katọlik megide iwu ahụ, na nkwenkwe na ọzụzụ atụrụ. N'oge ahụ, 75% nke ndị bi na Belgium bụ ndị Katọlik site na baptizim ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-abịa Mas dị ihe dị ka 18% .[7]

Ndị bishọp ahụ dọrọ ndị Katọlik Beljọm aka na ntị na onye ọ bụla na-arụkọ ọrụ "n'ụzọ dị irè na n'onwe ya" n'inweta ite ime bụ "na-ewepụ onwe ya n'etiti ndị ụkọchukwu". N'ihi nguzo siri ike nke ndị bishọp Beljọm, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ya na nwunye ya Queen Fabiola enweghị ike ịmụ ụmụ ọ bụla n'onwe ha, Eze Baudouin gwara Praịm Minista, Wilfried Martens, na 30 Machị 1990 na ọ pụghị ịbịanye aka na iwu ahụ n'enweghị ike ịbịanye aha ya n'enweghị imebi akọ na uche ya dị ka onye Katọlik.[8]

Ebe ọ bụ na iwu ahụ agaghị enwe ike iwu na-enweghị mbinye aka eze (Nkwado eze), ọjụjụ ya ịbịanye aka mepụtara ikike maka Nsogbu iwu.[9] Otú ọ dị, e doziri nsogbu ahụ site na nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti Eze na Praịm Minista Martens, nke Gọọmentị Belgium jiri usoro iwu nke kwupụtara na Eze enweghị ike ịchị, were ikike ya wee mee iwu "n'aha ndị Belgium", mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị omeiwu vootu iji weghachite Eze n'ụbọchị na-esote.[5][10][11][12][13][14]

Holy See kọwara omume eze ahụ dị ka "nhọrọ dị mma na nke obi ike" nke "akọ na uche dị ike" na-achịkwa.[15] Ndị na-akatọ Eze Baudouin na-atụ aro na omume ya bụ "ihe karịrị mmegharị ahụ" ka e weghachiri ya dị ka eze naanị awa 44 mgbe ewepụrụ ya n'ọchịchị.[8] A na-egosipụta akwụkwọ ozi Eze banyere okwu ahụ, nye Praịm Minista Martens, na BELvue Museum na Brussels.

Iwu dị ugbu a

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Mkpesa maka ikike ite ime na Brussels, 2012.

Iwu ite ime nke Belgium dị ugbu a malitere na 15 Ọktoba 2018, mgbe Gọọmentị mbụ nke Praịm Minista Charles Michel wepụrụ abortus provocatus na Iwu Mpụ ma tinye ya n'ime iwu dị iche.[16] Na mmezigharị a, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mmachibido iwu ga-anọgide na-adị, echiche nke 'mgbe mberede' ga-apụ n'anya. Banyere 'oge oyi', enwere ike ịgbakwunye ụbọchị isii na izu iri na abụọ, ọ ga-agbakwunye ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ihe mberede. Ọzọkwa, a ga-achọ ka dọkịta jụrụ ite ime zigara onye ọrịa ahụ dọkịta ọzọ.

E tinyere iwu a na iwu maka ịnakwere ime ọpụpụ maka Ọnọdụ obodo, nke e bu n'uche inyere ndị nne na nna aka na nhụjuanya nke ime ọpụkpụ kpatara.

Ndị otu mmegide tinyere akwụkwọ iwu iji mee ka ite ime bụrụ ihe iwu na itinye ite ime n'iwu gbasara ikike ndị ọrịa. N'ime atụmatụ ndị ahụ, a ga-amụba oge iwu ruo izu 18 ma belata oge ntụgharị uche ruo awa 48, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụbọchị isii.[17] Ụmụ nwanyị na-achọ ite ime mgbe izu iri na abụọ gachara agaala mba ndị agbata obi ebe a na-etinye oge dị ogologo dịka France (izu iri na anọ) ma ọ bụ Netherlands (izu iri abụọ na anọ). Otú ọ dị, njedebe izu iri na abụọ, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ ikike Europe na-enye ohere ite ime.[18]

Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ

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N'afọ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ewepụ afọ ime na Belgium bụ 9.2 maka otu puku ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-44. [19] N'afọ 2021, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ewepụ afọ ime na Belgium bụ 7.77 maka otu puku ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 15-44. [20] N'afọ 2021, e wepụrụ afọ ime 16,701, na 2020 ọ bụ 16,585. [21] N'afọ 2021, nkezi afọ nke onye tụfuru afọ ime bụ afọ 29.[21] Belgium nwere otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ala nke ite ime na afọ ime ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma.[21]

Igbe ozi nwere ozi mgbochi ite ime na Antwerp, 2010.

N'ime nnyocha nke otu ndị na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara okpukpe Centre d'action laïque mere n'afọ 2018, 75.4% nke ndị zaghachirinụ kwuru na ite ime ekwesịghị ịbụ mpụ, 16.6% ekwenyeghị, na 5.7% kwuru na ha anaghị akwado ma ọ bụ megide, na 2.3% enweghị ike ma ọ bụ achọghị inye azịza. [22]A na-eme March for Life kwa afọ na Brussels. [23]

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Montgomery. "Belgian King, Unable to Sign Abortion Law, Takes Day Off", The New York Times, 5 April 1990. Retrieved on 31 March 2023.
  2. ↑ Termination of Pregnancy/Abortion in Belgium. Angloinfo Brussels. Angloinfo. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved on 2016-06-08.
  3. ↑ L'Évolution de la législation sur l'IVG en Belgique et dans quelques pays d'Europe.
  4. ↑ Histoire. Archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved on 2022-09-28.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Belien (2005). A Throne in Brussels: Britain, the Saxe-Coburgs and the Belgianisation of Europe. Devon: Imprint Academic, 292–293. ISBN 1-84540-033-X.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Belien" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Montgomery. "Belgium Eases Its Abortion Law", The New York Times, 30 March 1990. Retrieved on 31 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Kerkpraktijk In Vlaanderen Table 1 page 115 PDF document in Dutch. Soc.kuleuven.be. Archived from the original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved on 2014-03-18.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hubert (1 March 2000). New History of Christianity. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-1227-0. Retrieved on 7 January 2012.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HubertGreen2000" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ Barker (15 April 2010). The Centrality of Religion in Social Life. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. ISBN 978-1-4094-0343-2. Retrieved on 7 January 2012. 
  10. ↑ Wilsford (1995). Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-28623-0. 
  11. ↑ Roberts (2003). West European Politics. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5421-1. 
  12. ↑ Witte (2010). Political History of Belgium. VUB University Press. ISBN 978-90-5487-517-8. 
  13. ↑ (2006) Encyclopedia of World Constitutions. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6078-8. 
  14. ↑ Obama's Pick for Vice President Is Catholic. But the Bishops Deny Him Communion. chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it. Retrieved on 31 March 2023.
  15. ↑ "Pope Prays at Tomb of Abortion Foe", 4 June 1995.
  16. ↑ Act of 15 October 2018 on voluntary termination of pregnancy, repealing Articles 350 and 351 of the Criminal Code, amending Articles 352 and 383 of the same Code and amending various legal provisions, Belgian Official Decree of 29 October 2018.
  17. ↑ Belgium moves to relax abortion law (19 April 2023).
  18. ↑ See comprehensive listing of countries and policies in the Abortion in Europe article.
  19. ↑ World Abortion Policies 2013. United Nations (2013). Retrieved on 3 March 2014.
  20. ↑ Verlsag nationale evaluatie zwangerschapsafbreking (January 1, 2020 – December 31, 2021). Retrieved on June 9, 2024.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Abortus en ongeplande zwangerschap in België: cijfers (nl). www.sensoa.be. Retrieved on 2024-06-09.
  22. ↑ laïque (2018). Les Belges, l'IVG et la loi. laicite.be. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved on 12 September 2021.
  23. ↑ The MARCH FOR LIFE will take place on April 2, 2023 at Place Poelaert. CLARA Life. Retrieved on 25 December 2023.
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