Gaa na ọdịnaya

Achicha

Dezie njikọ ndi a
Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Achicha íchíchè
Achicha (Benin)
Breads of Moskovskaya Oblast.

Achicha bu ihe ha né ri bu nke mkpuru ihe madu ne rí nke hé shìrì shi ihe mekotaria í bu nri gbèrè shí flour na mmiri nke oménàlà iche iche ne jí. Ha ne shí bèrịrị na ébé ȯkü zonari, mànà o dị ndi ne ti ya ùgòfụ, ne ghe ya, ma ndi na shi ya na okpá nke enweghị mmanu. O nwèríkí bini ọtọ na Í tògbòlù. Nnú, àbùbà na ihe ntọntó di ka yeast na baking soda bu ihe mádu shị ne ké achicha na mgbe di imerime, mànà achicha nwèríkí nwe ihe ndi ozor nor ya na ímé di kà mmiri ärä éfí, àkwá, nnu okpètè, ósò ntọ, mkpụrụ (di kà raisin), abụbọ (di ka yàbaàsì), ọkpa, ma mkpụrụ (di ka mkpụrụ poppy). Achichi bu ótụ nri di ichié nke mádu ne gbè, shí mgbe neolithic, na ha tú fùrù ya áhà ka "Nkwádo ndu".




Édémédé nke dị ntakiri. Nye Wikipedia áká Í me kọ sáasa.

History

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Achịcha bụ otu n'ime nri ndị a kwadebere kachasị ochie. [1] akaebe sitere [2] puku afọ iri atọ gara aga na Europe na Australia kpughere ihe fọdụrụ na nkume ndị a na-eji akụ osisi. O kwere omume na n'oge a, a na-ewepụta starch site na mgbọrọgwụ nkè ọsịsi, dị ka cattails ná ferns, n'elu nkume dị larịị, tinyé yá n'elu ọkụ ma sie ya n'ụdị achịcha dị larịị. [3] Achọtawo ihe akaebe kachasị ochie nke ime achịcha na ebe Natufian dị afọ 14,500 n'ọzara dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Jọdan. N'ihe dị ka 10,000 BC, ná mmalite nkè ógè Neolithic na mgbasa nkè ọrụ ugbo, ọkà ghọrọ isi ihe na-eme achịcha.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme 

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Achịcha bụ otu n'ime nri ndị a n'eme n'oge mgbochie. Ihe-akaebe sitere na afọ puku iri atọ (30,000) gara aga na Europe na Australia kpughere stachị fọdụrụ na nkume ndị ejiri suo ihe akuru-aku.[4][5] O nwere ike ibu na oge ahu, stachị eweputara na mgbọrọgwu nke osisi, dị ka cattails na ferns, a gbasara ya n'elu nkume dị larịị, a tukwasara n'elu ọkụ ma sie ya n'ụdị achịcha dị larịị. A chọtala ihe àmà kacha adi ochie gbasara ime achịcha n'ime onye dị afọ 14,500 n'ebe Natufian n'ọzara dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Jọdan.[6] N'ihe dị ka 10,000 BC, na mmalite nke oge Neolithic na mgbasa nke ọrụ ugbo, mpuru ọkuku nke ndi bekee na akpọ grains ghọrọ isi ihe a n'eji-eme achịcha. Mkpụrụ osisi na-eko achịcha dị ebe niile, gụnyere n'elu ọka ọka, yabụ ntụ ọka ọ bụla hapụrụ iji zuo ike n'eluigwe n'ụzọ okike.[7]

Nwaanyị na-eme achịcha (ihe dị ka ); Louvre

E mere achịcha koro eko n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'oge 6000 BC na ndịda Mesopotemia, ebe mmepeanya Sumerian malitere, ndi nwere ike ibu ha wa nyefere ndị obodo Egypt ihe ọmụma ahụ n'ihe dị ka 3000 BC. Ndị Egypt nụchara usoro ahụ wee malite ịgbakwunye ihe iko achịcha na ntụ ọka. Ndị Sumeria nọ n'agbakwunye ntụ n'ime nri ọka afọrọ-afọ ka a na-eme ya.

E nwere ọtụtụ ebe e si enweta ihe eji eko achịcha n'oge gara aga. Enwere ike ijikọta ihe iko achịcha site na yistị si na ikuku emere site na ịhapụ ọka afọrọ-afọ ka ikuku metu ya ụfọdụ oge tupu etinye ya n'ọkụ. Pliny the Elder kọrọ na Ndị Gaul na Ndị Iberian jiri ụfụfụ e wepụrụ na biya, nke a na-akpọ barm, mepụta "ụdị achịcha dị mfe karịa ndị ọzọ" dị ka achicha barm. Akụkụ nke ụwa n'oge ochie ndị na-aṅụ mmanya wayin kama biya na-eji ọka etinyere mmiri mkpuru vainị eji mmiri fọọ a hapuru ka ọgbawa ụka, ma ọ bụ ọka wit a na-etinye na mmanya, dị ka isi iyi maka yisti. Ihe a n'ejikari iko achịcha bụ imefo ọka afọrọ-afọ n'ubochi gara aga ma jjri ya malite ifọ ọka ọzọ, dịka Pliny kọwakwara.[8][9]

Ndị Egypt mgbo ochie, Ndị Greeks, na Ndị Rom niile weere ogo nke ime achịcha dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke mmepeanya.

E mepụtara Usoro achịcha Chorleywood na 1961; ọ na-eji ọrụ siri ike nke ntụ ọka iji belata oge Igba-ụka na oge ọ na-ewe iji mepụta achịcha. Usoro a, nke ngwakọta ike ya dị elu na-enye ohere maka iji ọka nke protein ya dị ala, a na-eji ya eme ihe ugbu a n'ọtụtụ ụwa na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, enwere ike imepụta achịcha ngwa ngwa na adighiri ndi na-emepụta ya, na onye na-azụ ya ọnu. Mana, e nweela ụfọdụ nkatọ banyere mmetụta na uru nri na-edozi ahụ.[10]

  1. ↑ Behrendt. "Indigenous Australians know we're the oldest living culture – it's in our Dreamtime", The Guardian, 22 September 2016. Retrieved on 8 February 2020.
  2. ↑ "Prehistoric man ate flatbread 30,000 years ago: study", phys.org, Science X, 19 October 2010. Retrieved on 19 October 2010.
  3. ↑ Briggs (17 July 2018). Prehistoric bake-off: Scientists discover oldest evidence of bread. BBC News. Retrieved on 17 July 2018.
  4. ↑ "Prehistoric man ate flatbread 30,000 years ago: study", phys.org, Science X, 19 October 2010. Retrieved on 19 October 2010.
  5. ↑ Behrendt. "Indigenous Australians know we're the oldest living culture – it's in our Dreamtime", The Guardian, 22 September 2016. Retrieved on 8 February 2020.
  6. ↑ Briggs (17 July 2018). Prehistoric bake-off: Scientists discover oldest evidence of bread. BBC News. Retrieved on 17 July 2018.
  7. ↑ McGee (2004). On food and cooking. Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-80001-1. 
  8. ↑ Tannahill (1973). Food in History. Stein and Day, 68–69. ISBN 978-0-8128-1437-8. 
  9. ↑ Pliny the Elder (1938). Natural History. Loeb Classics, 1.255. “Generally however they do not heat it up at all, but only use the dough kept over from the day before; manifestly it is natural for sourness to make the dough ferment” 
  10. ↑ fob.co.uk: "History of bread – 20th century". Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved on 14 May 2018.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achicha&oldid=206549