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Adele Goodman Clark

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Adele Goodman Clark (September 27, 1882 - June 4, 1983) bụ onye America na-ese ihe na onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị.

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Clark na 1882 na Montgomery, Alabama nye Robert Clark, onye ọrụ ụgbọ oloko sitere na Belfast, na Estelle Goodman Clark, onye nkuzi egwu Juu sitere na New Orleans.[1] Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị onye omekome Edith Clark Cowles. [1]

Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na New Orleans, Louisiana na Pass Christian, Mississippi tupu ha akwaga Richmond, Virginia na 1894. Clark gara Virginia Randolph Ellett School na, mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe iji kwado klaasị nka na Art Club nke Richmond. [1] Na 1906, ọ gara New York School of Art na agụmakwụkwọ, na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru ndị nka gụnyere Robert Henri, William Merritt Chase, na Kenneth Hayes Miller. [2][3]

Mgbalị

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Ọrụ nkwado Clark malitere na 1909, mgbe ya na ụmụ nwanyị 18 ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Nora Houston, Ellen Glasgow, Lila Meade Valentine, Kate Waller Barrett, na Mary Johnston, [1] tọrọ ntọala Equal Suffrage League of Virginia; ọ jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ ya otu afọ, nakwa dị ka onye isi oche kọmitii na onye isi nke ọnụ ụlọ otu na Virginia General Assembly. [3]

N'afọ 1910, ọ bụ onye nnọchiteanya na mgbakọ National American Woman Suffrage Association na Washington, D.C.[4] Clark na Nora Houston ga-eguzobe ihe osise ha na nkuku nke Fifth na Broad Streets na etiti Richmond iji kesaa "ihe osise nkuku okporo ámá" ha - ihe osise chalk na mpịakọta akwụkwọ nke gosipụtara okwu ha. "Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ kwuru okwu, mana ọ bụ naanị anyị na-ese ihe, nke ahụ dọtara ìgwè mmadụ n'ezie, Clark chetara otu oge. "[5] N'oge ha na-ekwu okwu, Clark na Houston kwuru maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịtụ vootu ma nye ndị bịarutere akwụkwọ mpịakọta.[6][7]

Mgbe Art Club nke Richmond gbasara na 1917, Clark na Houston meghere ụlọ ọrụ ọnụ. A maara oghere ọkachamara ahụ dị ka "Atelier," na onyinye klas ya - gụnyere akụkọ nka, eserese, na eserese - kwalitere nkà nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ese ihe, gụnyere onye na-ese eserese Theresa Pollak.[2] Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, Clark na Houston guzobere Virginia Academy of Fine Arts and Handicrafts . [6] N'ọnwa ole na ole tupu ntuli aka nke afọ 1920, mgbe e nwere egwu na asịrị banyere ihe ịma aka ụgha megide ndị inyom ojii na-eme ntụli aka, Clark na Houston kpọrọ ndị isi ojii na ụlọ ọrụ ha ka ha ha ha ha mee atụmatụ ụzọ isi chee nsogbu ahụ ihu. Ha kpebiri na ndị ọcha na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị ga-agagharị n'ebe ntuli aka n'ụgbọala.[7][8] Clark na Houston nọgidere na-etinye aka na mmegharị agbụrụ mgbe ntuli aka a gasịrị.[8] Ha sonyekwara n'ọrụ metụtara nka, na-eme mkpọsa maka mbilite n'ọnwụ nke Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, nke meghere na 1930 dị ka Richmond Academy of Arts ma mesịa ghọọ Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.[3]

Mgbe e nyere ụmụ nwanyị votu na 1920, Njikọ nhata ghọrọ Njikọ Virginia nke Ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ntụli aka, Clark bụkwa oche mbụ ya tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi ala n'afọ na-esote.[3] Ọ bụ onye isi oche ya site na 1921 ruo 1925, na ọzọ site na 1929 ruo 1944. A họpụtara Clark ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National League of Women Voters na 1924 dị ka onye nduzi mpaghara, na 1925 a họpụtara ya dịka osote onye isi oche nke abụọ, ọkwá ọ nọrọ ruo 1928. Ọzọkwa na 1928, Clark na Houston zụrụ ụlọ ọnụ na Chamberlayne Avenue na Richmond, nke a bịara mara dị ka "The Brattery" [6]

Ọnọdụ gọọmentị na agụmakwụkwọ

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Clark nwekwara ọkwa n'ọtụtụ gọọmentị na òtù agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere odeakwụkwọ Gọvanọ E. Lee Trinkle's Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government na nke Gọvanọ Harry F. Byrd's Liberal Arts College for Women Commission,[1] na onye isi oche ụmụ nwanyị na kọleji William na Mary.[2] N'oge New Deal, ọ bụ onye nlekọta ubi maka National Reemployment Service tupu ọ ghọọ, na 1936, onye nduzi nke Virginia Arts Project in the Works Progress Administration.[9]

Ọ nọ na Kọmitii Arts Virginia site na 1941 ruo 1964, ebe o nyere aka guzobe ya na 1916.[1] [2] Clark, onye tinyekwara mkpọsa ya maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị n'ọrụ nka ya,[3] kwuru na nka ya na mmemme ya nwere njikọ, na-ekwu, "Ana m agbalị mgbe niile ijikọ mmasị m na nka na mmasị m nwere n'ọchịchị. "[10]

Ihe oyiyi nke Adele Clark gụnyere na Virginia Women's Monument.

Ndụ onwe onye

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Ọ zutere onye na-ese ihe ibe ya Nora Houston na Art School of Richmond, ebe ọ gụburu klaasị n'okpuru Lillie Logan[1] na ebe ọ kuziri ihe mgbe ọ laghachiri na Virginia.[2] Houston ghọrọ onye mmekọ ndụ Clark ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1942.[3] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka Nora Houston nwụsịrị na 1942, nwanne nwanne Clark bụ Willoughby Ions, bụkwa onye na-ese ihe, so Clark batara n'ụlọ Chamberlayne Avenue nke ya na Houston kesara.[11]

Clark, onye Episcopal, tụgharịrị gaa na Roman Katọlik, okpukpe Houston, na Nọvemba 21, 1942.[1][2][3] Clark chịburu Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women's Legislative Committee site na 1949 ruo 1959.[4] Ọ nọgidere na-ekwu okwu n'okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-emegide Ndezigharị Nha nhata na nkwenye na ọ dịghị mkpa.

Clark nwụrụ n'obodo ndị lara ezumike nká na Richmond, Virginia, [12] na June 4, 1983, mgbe ọ dị afọ 100.

Hụkwa

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  • Ndepụta nke suffragists na suffragettes

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Batson (2020). Campaign for Woman Suffrage in Virginia, The (in en). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-4419-3. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Adele Clark (en). The Johnson Collection, LLC. Retrieved on March 18, 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Biographical/Historical Information. A Guide to the Adele Goodman Clark Papers. Virginia Commonwealth University. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "VCU" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Oral History Interview with Adele Clark, February 28, 1964. Oral Histories of the American South. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
  5. ↑ Hyde. "Personality Profile: Miss Adele Clark", Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 16, 1956, p. 25.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kollatz (May 26, 2011). "An Artist's Creation". Richmond Magazine.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Creation" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tyler-McGraw (1994). At the falls: Richmond, Virginia and its people. University of North Carolina Press, 236, 243. ISBN 9780807844762.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Falls" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lebsock (1993). "Woman Suffrage and White Supremacy: A Case Study", in Hewitt: Visible women: new essays on American activism. University of Illinois Press. 
  9. ↑ McDaid (2006). "Clark, Adèle Goodman", in Bearss: Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Library of Virginia. ISBN 9780884901990. 
  10. ↑ Mack (1995). Paper Pleasures: Five Centuries of Drawings and Watercolors. University of South Carolina Press, 69–70. ISBN 9781570030659. 
  11. ↑ Marschak (2008). Lesbian and Gay Richmond. Arcadia Publishing, 14–16. ISBN 9780738553689. 
  12. ↑ Adèle Clark (1882–1983). encyclopediavirginia.org. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Retrieved on March 16, 2016.
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