Afrosinya

Afrosinya Fedorova (Russian: Ефросинья Фёдорова; c. 1700–c. 1750) bụ nwanyị Finnish rere n'ime serfdom Russia mgbe e jidere ya n'agha. Ọ ghọrọ iko nwanyị Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich nke Russia, nwa na onye nketa nke Peter the Great wee soro ya gbapụ na 26 Septemba 1716 n'aka nna ya. Ozi o nyere dị oke mkpa n'ịma Alexei ikpe ọnwụ mgbe ha laghachiri Russia.

Oge ọ malitere

A mụrụ Afrosinya gburugburu 1700, ikekwe nso Saint Petersburg n'ọdịnihu, [1] mpaghara Russia na-ewerebeghị. E jidere ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Ivan, wee resị ya Prince Nikifor Kondrat'evich Viazemskii, onye bụbu onye nkuzi Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich nke Russia..

A na-akọwa Afrosinya mgbe niile dị ka mkpụmkpụ, ọ nwere ike ịdị ndụ ngbanwe, na-egosi na ọ dị gịrịgịrị.[1] Otu nkọwa banyere ya na-ekwu na ọ 'toro ogologo, toro ogologo, nwee egbugbere ọnụ, nwee ntutu na-acha uhie uhie'. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ adịgboroja, mana ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka ndabere nke ngosipụta Afrosinya.

Nwanyị iko nwanyị nke Tsarevich

Tsarevitch Alexei Petrovich na 1710-1715.

Alexei lụrụ Charlotte nke Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel n'enweghị obi ụtọ, bụ́ onye ọ mejọrọ.[1] Dị ka Massie si kwuo, ọ hụrụ Afrosinya n'anya n'ụlọ enyi ya Viazemski, ma nye ya onyinye; ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma ọ bụ iri na isii n’oge ahụ. Abbott na-ekwu na Alexei dinara Afrosinya n'ike n'ike ma manye ya ịghọ iko ya, ma emesịa hụ ya n'anya. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ tụkwasịrị ya obi n'ihi na ọ maara na ọ bụ nanị ya ka ọ nọ n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme. Ọ hụrụ na ọ ga-erubere ya isi mana ọ gaghị enwe ike ịrara ya nye site n'ịghọ aghụghọ ule, enweghị ihe ọ bụla, na ụgha. Ọ dabeere na akụkọ a na ebubo nke onye dịkọrọ ndụ, bụ onye kwuru na na 1717 Afrosinya gbara akaebe na Tsarevich 'amanye ya ime ihe kwekọrọ n'uche ya na mma sere, na-eyi [sic] ya ọnwụ'. Ọ dịghị ihe ndekọ nke ebubo dị otú ahụ sitere n'aka ya, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na-egosi na a manyere ya.[1] O yikarịrị ka a tọhapụrụ ya na 1715, dị ka nwanne ya nwoke bụ Ivan (onye e bugara ya na ezinụlọ Alexei) n'ezie..

N'agbanyeghị nkọwa ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha, a maghị ka ma ọ bụ mgbe mmekọrịta ha malitere. Ma eleghị anya, ọ malitere obere oge tupu Afrosinya abịarute n'ụlọ Alexei na 1715, ma eleghị anya ọ bụghị mgbe mbụ.[1] Onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri n'oge a kọwara ya dị ka 'Nwanyị Finlanda onye a dọọrọ n'agha', ma kwuo na Tsarevich 'esighị n'abalị ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ụlọ ọrụ ya pụta'.[1] A na-ele ya anya na-elelị maka agbụrụ ya; akwụkwọ ozi dịkọrọ ndụ na-egosipụta mgbagwoju anya nke ndị Russia na Tsarevitch nwere ike ịhụ 'nwanyị Finn dị otú ahụ', na ọtụtụ akụkọ narị afọ nke 19 nke mmekọrịta ha, yana nsụgharị akụkọ ifo dabere na ha, mara ya dị ka 'bestial' ma ọ bụ 'ewu ewu. ',' nke ubé bestial ụdị nke agbụrụ ya'.

Ọtụtụ akụkọ gosipụtara ya dị ka 'Nwoke akwụna na-achọ onwe ya', na-emegide nwunye Alexei, 'Madonna na-achụ onwe ya n'àjà', karịsịa ka Charlotte nwụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Afrosinya rutere, na 2 Nọvemba 1715, site na ọrịa postpartum. Karịsịa ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ (ma ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ma ndị na-akọ akụkọ ifo) nke Peter na Alexei weere ya dị ka 'onye na-enweghị isi', 'onye na'amaghị ama', 'onye aghụghọ', na 'onye na - na-enweghị ụkpụrụ', 'dị njikere ire onwe ya nye onye ọ bụla' ma na-eso ndị ikom ndị ọzọ enwe mmekọahụ mgbe niile ma e wezụga Alexei. Enweghị ihe akaebe na o nwere mmekọrịta ọ bụla ọzọ n'oge a, ma ọ bụ na ọ bụ, ma ọ dị ka Alexei hụrụ ya, dị ka nwanyị akwụna. Kama nke ahụ, o yiri ka ha abụọ na-eme atụmatụ ịlụ di na nwunye. Alexei gwara onye na-ejere ya ozi ka ọ kwanyere Afrosinya ùgwù dị ka nwunye ya n'ọdịnihu, ebe Afrosinya kwuru maka alụmdi na nwunye a na-eme n'ọdịnihu tupu ha agbapụ.

Ha biri n'akụkụ aka nri nke obí eze Alexei, ebe Charlotte na nwa ya nwanyị Natalya Alexeyevna biri n'ebe aka ekpe.[2] Mmeso Alexei mesoro nwunye ya na mmekọrịta ya na Afrosinya kpasuru nna ya iwe, ebe ọ bụ na o nweghị afọ ojuju na ya.[5]

Ịgba ọsọ na ịgba ọsọ

N'ihi nghọtahie na enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'etiti ha, Alexei na nna ya nwere mmekọrịta esemokwu. Na Jenụwarị 1716, eze ukwu ahụ chọrọ ka Alexei họrọ n'etiti ịghọ onye mọnk ma ọ bụ eze ukwu ọzọ; Alexei achọghị nke ọ bụla. Esemokwu ahụ kara njọ, e nwekwara asịrị na eze ukwu ahụ ga-emerụ nwa ya nwoke ahụ. Alexei gbapụrụ Russia na 26 Septemba 1716 na ego a gbazitere, na-akpọrọ Afrosinya, nwanne ya nwoke, na ndị ọrụ atọ. Abbott na-ekwu na a gwara ha na ebe ha na-aga bụ Copenhagen (ebe Emperor nọ). [6] Iji ghara ime ka Afrosinya nyochaa ya enyo, ebe ọ maara na eze ukwu ahụ agaghị anabata ya, a gwara ya na ọ ga-aga Riga, wee laghachi Saint Petersburg.[7] Na Königsberg, a gwara Afrosinya na ndị enyi Alexei ndị ọzọ na ha ga-aga Vienna na iwu Peter. [8] Alexei jiri aha nzuzo Kokhansky mee ihe.   

On 10 November, they arrived in Vienna. Alexei begged protection from his brother-in-law, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles wrote to King George I of Great Britain that he considered Peter capable of murdering his heir. He hoped that Alexei would become his puppet in Russia, and therefore hid him with his company in Ehrenberg Castle. The staff was told that a noble Hungarian or Pole was staying there, and no one was allowed to leave. Afrosinya was disguised as a page.

Alexei was discovered after five months by two spies sent by his father, who bribed a clerk in the Imperial Chancery. Unwilling to hand Alexei back to his father, Charles sent the couple to Naples. Afrosinya became visibly pregnant, and was discovered to be female and Alexei's mistress. They lived in the Castel Sant'Elmo but were again discovered by the spies. The diplomat Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy was sent to convince Alexei to return. The Count told Christine Louise, the Duchess of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel, mother-in-law to both Alexei and Emperor Charles, that her grandson, Alexei's son, could be disinherited together with his father. She pressured the Emperor to send him back.

Alexei kwuru na ọ dị njikere ịlaghachi Russia ma ọ bụrụ na ọ lụọ Afrosinya ma soro ya biri na mba ahụ. Iji manye ya, Count Tolstoi nwetara iwu site n'aka onye isi ala nke Naples ka Afrosinya kewapụ na Tsarevitch. N'abalị tupu nkewa ha, Afrosinya 'kwere' na o mere ka Alexei kwenye ịlaghachi Russia.[10] Count Tolstoi kwere nkwa na a ga-ekwe ka ha lụọ di ma biri n'udo, nke Emperor kwadoro n'akwụkwọ.[11][12] Ụbọchị atọ ka ha hapụrụ Naples, Sweden nyere ha nchebe, mana ha enwetaghị ozi ahụ.    Di na nwunye ahụ kewara na Bologna, ka Afrosinya ji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee njem n'ihi afọ ime ya.[5]

Ọdịda Alexei

Alexei nọ na-achọsi ya ike, wee gbadaa n'ihu Empress Catherine, nne nne ya, na 14 Eprel 1718, na-arịọ ka ọ mee ka Afrosinya rute ngwa ngwa.   Na ngwụcha ọnwa ahụ, Afrosinya rutere Saint Petersburg ma jide ya. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ, kewapụ ya na Alexei, ma gbaa ya ajụjụ ọnụ site n'aka Prince Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov na Count Tolstoy, bụ ndị jụrụ ya 'ajụjụ ndị isi'. E ji nkwupụta ya mee ihe iji boo Alexei ebubo.[13] Nwa ya, nke amụrụ n'oge a, furu efu ozugbo, ọ dịghịkwa ihe a maara banyere ọdịnihu ha. [10]

Alexei implicated many in his flight; his friends and followers were tortured and executed. However, he insisted that Afrosinya only carried his letters, unaware of their content. Afrosinya was shown the instruments of torture upon her arrival to prison, and she produced letters from Alexei to various prominent people, asking their protection from Peter. She said that Alexei promised to undo his fathers work, and signed a written statement against him. She was made to confront Alexei in front of Peter, where she testified that the Tsarevitch planned a coup, and wanted to flee to the Pope, but that she stopped him. The confrontation lead to a nervous collapse in Alexei.

A mara Alexei ikpe ọnwụ na 24 June, ma nwụọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ onye ahụ kpatara n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ na 26 June. Maka imekọ ihe ọnụ ya, a tọhapụrụ Afrosinya ma kwe ka ọ debe ụfọdụ ihe n'ezinụlọ Alexei. O yikarịrị ka ọ lụrụ onye isi ndị agha nke Saint Petersburg ma nwụọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise.

Hụkwa

 

• Lovisa von Burghausen
• Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
• Annika Svahn