Agronomy

Agronomy bụ sayensị na teknụzụ nke imepụta na iji osisi site na ọrụ ugbo maka nri, mmanụ ọkụ, eriri, kemịkalụ, ntụrụndụ, ma ọ bụ nchekwa ala. Agronomy abanyela na nyocha nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa osisi, physiology osisi, meteorology, na sayensị ala. Ọ bụ itinye nchikota sayensị dị ka bayoloji, kemistri, akụnụba, ecology, sayensị ụwa, na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. A na-akpọ ndị ọkachamara nke agronomy agronomist.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Agronomy nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme ogologo na ọgaranya nke malitere na Neolithic Revolution. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ omume mbụ nke agronomy n'ime mmepeanya oge ochie, gụnyere Egypt Ochie, Mesopotemia, China na India. Ha mepụtara usoro dị iche iche maka njikwa ọmụmụ ala, ịgba mmiri na ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ.

N'ime narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19, ọganihu na sayensị dugara na mmepe nke agronomy nke oge a. Onye Germany na-ahụ maka ọgwụ Justus von Liebig na John Bennett Lawes, onye ọchụnta ego Bekee, nyere aka na nghọta nke nri na-edozi ahụ na kemịkalụ ala. Ọrụ ha bụ maka ịmepụta fatịlaịza nke oge a na ọrụ ugbo.

Agronomy gara n'ihu na-etolite site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na omume ọhụrụ na narị afọ nke 20. Site na 1960s, Green Revolution hụrụ iwebata ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche, fatịlaịza ọgbara ọhụrụ na imeziwanye omume ọrụ ugbo. O butere mmụba nke mmepụta nri zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nyere aka belata agụụ na ịda ogbenye n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa.

Ịzụlite osisi

Isiokwu a nke agronomy na-agụnye ịzụlite ahịhịa iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ kachasị mma maka ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ emeela ka ihe ọkụkụ mụbaa ma melite uru nri nke ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ, gụnyere ọka, soybeans, na ọka wit. O mekwara ka e mepụta ụdị osisi ọhụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-emepụta mkpụrụ osisi ngwakọta a na-akpọ triticale site na ịgwakọta rye na ọka wit. Triticale nwere protein a na-eji eme ihe karịa ma ọ bụ rye ma ọ bụ ọka wit. Agronomy abụwokwa ihe enyemaka maka nyocha mmepụta mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri. Ọzọkwa, itinye n'ọrụ ịzụlite osisi maka mmepe ahịhịa emeela ka mbelata nke ọchịchọ maka fatịlaịza na ntinye mmiri (ihe achọrọ), yana ụdị ahịhịhịa nwere ikike dị elu.

Biotechnology

Ndị agronomists na-eji biotechnology gbasaa ma mee ka mmepe nke njirimara achọrọ dị ngwa.^[1] Biotechnology na-abụkarị ọrụ ụlọ nyocha nke chọrọ nnwale ubi nke ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ a na-emepụta.

Na mgbakwunye na mmụba nke ihe ọkụkụ, a na-etinye nkà na ụzụ ọrụ ugbo n'ọrụ nke ọma maka iji ya eme ihe ọhụrụ karịa nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji Mkpụrụ mmanụ eme ihe ugbu a maka margarine na mmanụ nri ndị ọzọ, mana enwere ike ịgbanwe ya iji mepụta abụba acid maka ncha, mmanụ ala petrochemicals.

Sayensị ala

Ndị ọkà mmụta ala na-amụ ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide iji mee ka ala na-amịpụta ihe ma na-aba uru. Ha na-ekewa ala ma nyochaa ha iji chọpụta ma ha nwere ihe oriri dị mkpa maka uto osisi. Macronutrients ndị a na-ahụkarị na-enyocha gụnyere nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, na sulfur. A na-enyocha ala maka ọtụtụ micronutrients, dị ka zinc na boron. A na-anwale pasentị nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, pH ala, na ikike ijide ihe oriri (ikike mgbanwe oge) na ụlọ nyocha mpaghara. Ndị agronomists ga-akọwa akụkọ ụlọ nyocha ndị a ma nye aro iji gbanwee ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ala maka uto osisi kachasị mma.^[2]

Nchekwa ala

Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị agronomists na-emepụta ụzọ iji chekwaa ala ma belata mmetụta nke [erosion] site na ifufe na mmiri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji usoro a maara dị ka ịkọ ugbo iji gbochie mbuze ala ma chekwaa mmiri ozuzo. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na agronomy na-achọkwa ụzọ iji ala mee ihe nke ọma maka idozi nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Nsogbu ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere iwepụ nsị mmadụ na anụmanụ, mmetọ mmiri, na mkpokọta ọgwụ ahụhụ n'ime ala, yana ichekwa ala maka ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu dị ka ọkụ nke paddocks mgbe mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ gasịrị. Usoro nchịkwa ahịhịa na-agụnye ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo, ịkụ ahịhịhịa ndị na-ejikọta ala n'akụkụ ugwu dị elu, na iji mmiri na-agbapụta n'ime ala ruo mita 1.^[3]

Agroecology

Agroecology bụ njikwa usoro ọrụ ugbo na-emesi ike na ngwa gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ejikọtara isiokwu a na ọrụ maka ọrụ ugbo na-adigide, ịkọ ugbo, na usoro nri ọzọ na mmepe nke usoro ihe ọkụkụ ọzọ.^[4]

Nkọwapụta echiche

Usoro ihe omumu ihe omumu bu ihe omumu nke onu ogugu nke uto nke ihe ubi. A na-emeso osisi a dị ka ụdị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nke na-eme ka ìhè, carbon dioxide, mmiri na nri na-edozi n'ime ngwaahịa ndị a na-ewe ihe ubi. Isi ihe ndị a tụlere bụ okpomọkụ, ìhè anyanwụ, biomass ihe ọkụkụ kwụ ọtọ, nkesa mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ, na nri na mmiri.. ^{[citation needed]}

Hụkwa

Injinia ọrụ ugbo
Iwu ọrụ ugbo
Agroecology
Agrology
Agrophysics
Ọrụ ugbo
Usoro nri
Ubi ugbo
Green Revolution
Ọrụ ugbo

Ebem si dee

↑ Georgetown International Environmental Law Review
↑ Hoeft (2000). Modern Corn and Soybean Production. MCSP Publications, 107 to 171.
↑ Arya (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Agriculture (ICAR-NET, JRF, SRF, CSIR-NET, UPSC & IFS) (in en). Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86102-36-2.
↑ Rosenberg Agronom

[1] Georgetown International Environmental Law Review

[2] Hoeft (2000). Modern Corn and Soybean Production. MCSP Publications, 107 to 171.

[3] Arya (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Agriculture (ICAR-NET, JRF, SRF, CSIR-NET, UPSC & IFS) (in en). Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86102-36-2.

[4] Rosenberg Agronom

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