Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Iwu Ndị Ogbenye

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Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Iwu Ndị Ogbenye

Enwere ike ịsị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke iwu ndị ogbenye gafere n'akụkụ atọ dị iche iche. Ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge gboo na-eche banyere adịghị ike nke usoro Iwu Ogbenye Ochie, ọrụ emechara nwere ike mara dị ka mbọ mbụ na ngbanwe tupu ihe odide nke Mark Blaug weta nyocha n'ezie ngbanwe nke usoro Iwu Ogbenye .

erughị eru nke Ogbenye Iwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mbụ nke iwu ogbenye metụtara adịghị ike nke Iwu Ogbenye Ochie. Otu n'ime mwakpo agụmakwụkwọ izizi na enyemaka dị n'èzí bụ edemede Joseph Townsend nke 1786 “Nkatọ na Iwu Ogbenye” nke katọrọ usoro Seenhamland . [1] Thomas Malthus bụ onye isi nkatọ ọgụgụ isi nke usoro Iwu Ogbenye . Ọrụ ya a ma ama Essay on the Principle of Population nwere otu isiakwụkwọ a raara nye Iwu Ogbenye, ọtụtụ nkatọ ya wee banye n'akụkọ Iwu Ogbenye nke 1834, bụ́ nke megharịrị usoro ahụ.

Ndogharị mbụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe ịma aka mbụ nke nkọwa ọdịnala nke Iwu Ogbenye mere na 1911 site na mbipụta nke John na Barbara Hammond 's The Village Labour na, mgbe e mesịrị na 1927 mbipụta na Beatrice na Sydney Webb's English Local Government . Hammonds rụrụ ụka na usoro Spenhamland bụ nzaghachi nye usoro mkpochi nke narị afọ nke 17. Webbs nyere onyinye dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Iwu Ogbenye. A na-ewere ha dị ka ndị mbụ gosipụtara na enyemaka n'èzí nye ndị dara ogbenye nwere ike dị mkpa tupu 1795 na ha bụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme mbụ na-akatọ akụkọ 1834. Ntụle nyocha nke mbụ n'oge na-eme n'ọrụ nke Karl Polanyi bụ onye rụrụ ụka na Great Transformation na e webatara usoro Spenhamland iji mee ka "usoro nna nna nke òtù ndị ọrụ sikwuo ike"

Nlegharị anya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe nyocha nke revisionist nke Iwu Ogbenye bụ nke mbụ Mark Blaug gosipụtara na 1963 bụ onye bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ "The Myth of the Old Poor Law and the making of the New". [2] Nyocha Blaug jụrụ echiche ahụ na enyemaka n'èzí nwere mmetụta jọgburu onwe ya n'ahịa ọrụ ime obodo. Ọ na-arụ ụka na enyemaka n'èzí mụbara nrụpụta ọrụ, nkwubi okwu megidere ndị dere akụkọ 1834. Ọrụ Daniel Baugh, onye nyochara enyemaka adịghị mma na Essex, Sussex na Kent n'etiti 1790 na 1834, gbatịrị nkatọ Blaug.

Iwu Ogbenye Ọhụrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwekwara arụmụka gbasara ngafe nke Iwu Ndozigharị Iwu Ogbenye 1834 . Nkọwa nke Marxist nke Iwu Ogbenye Ọhụrụ bụ na klaasị etiti ọhụrụ enwetara ikike na-esote Iwu Ndozigharị 1832 ( 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 45) nwere ike irigbu ndị ọrụ site na iwu nke wedatara ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ wee mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. siri ike ịzọrọ enyemaka na-adịghị mma. Iwu Ogbenye Ọhụrụ ga-ebelatakwa ụtụ isi nke ndị bourgeoisie na-akwụ. Ndị òtù na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ogbenye ka na-enweghi votu n'oge a ma ha enweghị ike imegide ya. Usoro ụlọ ọrụ pụtara na ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike idobe ya n'okpuru nchịkwa siri ike na-emegide usoro enyemaka n'èzí n'okpuru iwu ochie dara ogbenye. A na-atụ egwu na usoro a nwere ike ime ka ịrị elu megide ndị na-achị achị dị ka e mere na mgbanwe mgbanwe French . Echiche ọdịnala bụ na enwere ọganihu na usoro gara aga karịa mgbanwe. N'ịbụ ndị ọgba aghara chere ọgba aghara ihu, ndị ọgaranya kwughachiri ikike ha. Echiche nlegharị anya na-ejikọta echiche ndị a dị n'elu wee kwuo na ndị ọgaranya na-ekwukwaghachi njikwa ha mana site na usoro onye isi obodo nke a hụrụ dị ka nrigbu nke ndị ọrụ.

Mmejuputa iwu mmeghari iwu ogbenye bụkwa mpaghara arụmụka. Rose na-arụ ụka na ndị otu nwere ike ịgbanahụ omume ahụ ma nọgide na-enye enyemaka n'èzí. [3] Williams na-atụ aka na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwere ike na-anata enyemaka n'èzí na-ebelata na owuwu nke ụlọ ọrụ iji kwubie na ekpochapụla enyemaka n'èzí site na 1850. [4] Lees kwubiri na ọ ga-ekwe omume n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba ahụ itinye akwụkwọ maka enyemaka n'èzí mgbe 1850 gasịrị. [5]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke United Kingdom

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Boyer, George, An economic history of the English poor law, 1750–1850 p. 52
  2. ↑ Blaug (1963). "The myth of the old Poor Law and the making of the new". Journal of Economic History 23: 151–84. Retrieved on 2009-07-27. 
  3. ↑ Michael E. Rose, The English Poor Law, 1780–1930 (Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1971).
  4. ↑ Karel Williams, From Pauperism to Poverty (1981).
  5. ↑ Lynn Hollen Lees, The Solidarities of Strangers: The English Poor Laws and the People, 1770–1948 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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