Akka Mahadevi
Akka Mahadevi (Kannada: ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ, c. 1130–1160) bụ onye mbụ na-ede uri nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Kannada[1] na onye ama ama na otu Lingyat Shaiva na narị afọ nke 12.[2] Vachanas ya dị 430 (ụdị uri ihe omimi na-apụtaghị ìhè), na akwụkwọ mkpirisi abụọ a na-akpọ Mantrogopya na Yogangatrividh ka a na-ewere onyinye amara ama na akwụkwọ Kannada.[3] Okwu ahụ Akka (“nwanne nwanyị nke okenye” ma ọ bụ “nne”) bụ nsọpụrụ nke ndị nsọ dị ka Basavanna, Siddharama, na Allamaprabhu nyere ya dị ka ihe na-egosi ọkwa ya dị elu na mkparịta ụka ime mmụọ e nwere na “Anubhava Mantapa” [4] ] A na-ele ya anya dị ka onye isi nwanyị na akwụkwọ Kannada na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Karnataka. O weere chi Shiva ('Chenna Mallikarjuna') dị ka di ya (nke a na-aghọtakarị dị ka 'madhura bhava' ma ọ bụ 'madhurya' ụdị nraranye).
Akụkọ ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Akka Mahadevi na Udutadi, na nso Shivamogga na steeti India nke Karnataka[1] gburugburu 1130.[2] Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwu na ọ bụ di na nwunye aha ya bụ Nirmalshetti na Sumati, bụ́ ndị na-efe Parama Shiva, mụrụ ya.[3] Isi mmalite ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-ekwu na amachaghị banyere ndụ ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụla isiokwu nke hagiographic India, nkwupụta ọdịnala na akụkọ ifo, dabere na ọdịnala ọnụ na egwu nke ya. Otu n'ime egwu ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, yiri ka ọ na-edekọ ahụmahụ ya nke ịhapụ ebe a mụrụ ya na ezinụlọ ya iji chụọ Shiva.[1]
Tharu na Lalita dekwara nzọrọ na otu eze Jain obodo aha ya bụ Kaushika chọrọ ịlụ ya, mana na ọ jụrụ ya, họrọkwa imezu nkwupụta nke nraranye nye chi Para Shiva.[1] Otú ọ dị, isi mmalite ndị dị n'oge ochie na-adabere na akaụntụ a bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya na nke na-enweghị isi.[2] Ha na-agụnye ntụaka n’otu n’ime uri ya, ma ọ bụ vachanas, bụ́ ebe o debere ọnọdụ atọ maka ịlụ eze, gụnyere ịchịkwa nhọrọ nke itinye oge ya na nraranye ma ọ bụ soro ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe ndị ọzọ na-akparịta ụka, kama iso ndị eze na-akparịta ụka. eze.[3] Ọkà mmụta oge ochie na onye na-ede uri Harihara na-atụ aro na akụkọ ndụ ya banyere alụmdi na nwunye ahụ bụ naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ, ebe akụkọ ndị ọzọ sitere na Camasara na-egosi na anabataghị ọnọdụ ndị ahụ na alụmdi na nwunye emeghị.[2]
Akụkọ Harihara gara n'ihu na-ekwu na mgbe Eze Kaushika mebiri ọnọdụ ndị o debere, Akka Mahadevi hapụrụ ụlọ eze ahụ, na-ahapụ ihe onwunwe ya niile gụnyere uwe, ịga Srisailam, ụlọ nke chi Parama Shiva.[1]. Akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-egosi na omume nchụpụ nke Akka Mahadevi bụ nzaghachi nye iyi egwu eze mgbe ọ jụrụ atụmatụ ya.[2] O yikarịrị ka ọ gara obodo Kalyana ka ọ na-aga, bụ ebe ọ zutere ndị na-ede uri abụọ ọzọ na ndị a ma ama nke òtù Lingayat, Allama na Basava.[3] Ekwenyere na ọ gara njem, na njedebe nke ndụ ya, n'ugwu Srisailam, ebe o biri dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ma mesịa nwụọ.[3] Vachana ekwuru na Akka Mahadevi na-atụ aro na ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha ndụ ya, Eze Kaushika gara leta ya ebe ahụ ma rịọ mgbaghara ya..[2]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a na-ewere ya dị ka onye ama ama n'ọhịa nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị. Aha a ma ama na Karnataka, o dere na ọ bụ nwanyị naanị n'aha nakwa na uche ya, ahụ ya, na mkpụrụ obi ya bụ nke Shiva. N'oge esemokwu na ejighị n'aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na narị afọ nke iri na abụọ, ọ họọrọ nghọta ime mmụọ ma guzo site na nhọrọ ya. O sonyere na mkpokọta nke ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka Anubhavamantapa na Kalyana (nke bụ Basava Kalyana ugbu a) iji rụrịta ụka na nkà ihe ọmụma na nghọta (ma ọ bụ Moksha, nke ọ kpọrọ "arivu"). N'ịchọ onye ibe mkpụrụ obi ya Lord Shiva, o mere ụmụ anụmanụ, okooko osisi na nnụnụ ndị enyi ya na ndị enyi ya, na-ajụ ndụ ezinụlọ na njikọ ụwa.
A na-edekọ nchụso Akka maka nghọta n'abụ uri nke asụsụ dị mfe ma nwee ọgụgụ isi. Abụ ya na-enyocha ịjụ ịhụnanya na-anwụ anwụ maka ịhụnanya Chineke. Vachanas ya na-ekwukwa banyere ụzọ nke nghọta chọrọ onye na-achọ, dị ka igbu 'M', imeri ọchịchọ na uche na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Kausika bụ onye obodo Jain, nke bara ọgaranya ma bụrụ nke ndị ọzọ bi na ya na-ewe iwe. Ọ jụrụ ndụ okomoko ya ibi ndụ dị ka onye na-ede uri na-agagharị agagharị, na-agafe n'ógbè ahụ ma na-eto Onyenwe ya Shiva. Ọ gara ịchọ ndị na-achọ ibe ya ma ọ bụ sharanas n'ihi na a kwenyere na mkpakọrịta nke saintly ma ọ bụ sajjana sanga na-eme ka mmụta dị ngwa. Ọ chọtara ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị sharanas dị otú ahụ na Basavakalyana, Mpaghara Bidar ma dee ọtụtụ vachanas iji too ha. Ụzọ ya na-ekwekọghị na ya kpatara nkụda mmụọ n'etiti ndị na-agbaso omenala n'oge ahụ: ọbụna guru ya Allama Prabhu chere ihe isi ike ihu n'ịtinye ya na nnọkọ ndị dị na Anubhavamantapa.
Onye na-ata onwe ya ahụhụ, a na-ekwu na Mahadevi jụrụ iyi uwe ọ bụla. Akụkọ ọdịbendị na-ekwu na n'ihi ezi ịhụnanya na nraranye ya na Chineke, ntutu na-echebe ahụ ya dum.
Ndị Sharna niile nke Anubhavamantapa, ọkachasị Basavanna, Chenna Basavanna، Kinnari Bommayya, Siddharama, Allamaprabhu na Dasimayya ji okwu "Akka" kelee ya. N'ezie ọ bụ ebe a ka ọ na-aghọ Akka, nwanne nwanyị meworo agadi. Allama na-egosi ya ụzọ ọzọ isi nweta obi ụtọ dị ukwuu nke njikọ ya na Lord Chenna Mallikarjuna. Akka hapụrụ Kalyana na vachana ndị a: N'oge mbụ nke ndụ ya, ọ jụrụ ihe na ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'ụwa; na nke abụọ, ọ tụfuru iwu na ụkpụrụ niile dabeere na ihe. N'oge nke atọ, ọ malitere njem ya gaa Srishila, ebe ụlọ nsọ Chenna Mallikarjuna dị na ebe nsọ maka ndị na-efe Shiva kemgbe tupu narị afọ nke iri na abụọ. Njem ime mmụọ nke Akka kwụsịrị na Kadali, mpaghara oké ọhịa nke Shrisaila (Srisailam) ebe a na-eche na ya na Chennamallikarjuna nwere njikọ (aikya).
Otu n'ime vachana ya a ma ama sụgharịrị dị ka: Abụ ya gosipụtara ịhụnanya ya maka Chenna Mallikarjuna, na nkwekọrịta ya na okike na ndụ dị mfe.
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A pụrụ ịchọta ọrụ Akka Mahadevi, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ede uri nke Bhakti, site na iji ankita ya, ma ọ bụ aha mbinye aka nke o ji kpọtụrụ onye ofufe ya.[3] N'okwu Akka Mahadevi, ọ na-eji aha Chennamallikarjuna na-ezo aka na chi Shiva.[3] Enwere ike ịsụgharị aha Chennamallikarjuna n'ụzọ dị iche iche, mana nsụgharị a ma ama bụ nke ọkà mmụta na ọkà mmụta asụsụ A.K. Ramanujan, onye na-akọwa ya dị ka 'Onyenwe anyị, ọcha dị ka jasmine'.[3] Nsụgharị nkịtị ga-abụ 'Arjuna mara mma nke Mallika', dị ka Tharu na Lalita si kwuo.[1]
Dabere na ojiji nke ankita ya, ihe dị ka uri 350 ma ọ bụ vachanas ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Akka Mahadevi.[4] Ọrụ ya na-ejikarị ihe atụ nke ịhụnanya iwu na-akwadoghị, ma ọ bụ nke ịkwa iko akọwa nraranye ya na Chennamallikarjuna (Shiva). [4] Okwu ya na-egosi Akka Mahadevi na-achọsi ike mmekọrịta ya na Chennamallikarjuna (Shiva), ma na-emetụta isiokwu nke ịgbahapụ, ịhụnanya anụ ahụ na nkewa.[4]
A kọwawo okwu ndị doro anya na ndị doro anya nke Akka Mahadevi dere dị ka ndị na-egosipụta "nnukwu iwu na-akwadoghị" nke na-enyocha ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri na uche, na-akpa àgwà na-emegide ụlọ ọrụ na omume ọha na eze.[4] Mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-eji ihe oyiyi mmekọahụ siri ike na-anọchite anya njikọ dị n'etiti onye na-efe ofufe na ihe a na-efe efe.[5] Ọrụ ya na-agbagha nghọta a na-ahụkarị banyere njirimara mmekọahụ; dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'otu vachana ọ na-atụ aro na okike, ma ọ bụ ike nke chi Shiva, bụ nwoke, ebe ihe okike niile, gụnyere ụmụ nwoke, na-anọchite anya nwanyị: "Ahụrụ m nna ukwu dị mpako, Mallikarjuna / onye ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ nwoke niile, bụ ma e wezụga ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụ nwanyị [6] N'ime ụfọdụ vachanas, ọ na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka nwanyị na nwoke.[6]
Ọrụ Akka Mahadevi, dị ka nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ede uri Bhakti, na-emetụta isiokwu nke ịpụ iche: ma site na ụwa ihe onwunwe, ma site na atụmanya na omume ọha na eze gbasara ụmụ nwanyị.[6] N'ịhụ mmekọrịta ya na ndị mmadụ na-anwụ anwụ dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma, Akka Mahadevi kọwara ha dị ka ogwu zoro n'okpuru akwụkwọ osisi dị nro, nke a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi. Banyere di ya na-anwụ anwụ, ọ na-ekwu "Were ndị di a nwụrụ anwụ, ree - ma nye ha ọkụ ọkụ na kichin gị!". N'amaokwu ọzọ, ọ na-ekwupụta nrụgide nke ịbụ nwunye na onye na-efe ofufe dị ka
Nsụgharị na ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A. K. Ramanujan bu ụzọ kwalite ndị vachanas site n'ịsụgharị ha n'ime mkpokọta a na-akpọ ikwu okwu nke Siva. Ọkà mmụta mgbe ochie Tejaswini Niranjana katọrọ nsụgharị ndị a dị ka ịsụgharị vachanas ka ọ bụrụ abụ uri eluigwe na ụwa nke oge a dị njikere iri ya na nsụgharị Siting (1992). [1] Onye ntụgharị asụsụ Kannada Vanamala Vishwanatha na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ntụgharị asụsụ Bekee ọhụrụ, nke enwere ike ibipụta dịka akụkụ nke ọbá akwụkwọ Murty Classical..[7][8]
Akka Mahadevi na-aga n'ihu na-enwe ọnọdụ dị mkpa na ọdịbendị na ncheta, yana okporo ụzọ [9] na mahadum ndị a gụrụ aha ya. [10] N'afọ 2010, a chọtara ihe osise dị ala nke narị afọ nke iri na atọ na nso Hospet na Karnataka, a kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe ngosi nke Akka Mahadevi.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Kuvempu
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tharu (1991-01-01). Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century (in en). Feminist Press at CUNY, 78. ISBN 9781558610279. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mudaliar (1991-01-01). "Religious Experiences of Hindu Women: A Study of Akka Mahadevi". Mystics Quarterly 17 (3): 137–146.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tharu (1991-01-01). Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century (in en). Feminist Press at CUNY, 58. ISBN 9781558610279.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Tharu (1991-01-01). Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century (in en). Feminist Press at CUNY, 79. ISBN 9781558610279. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ramaswamy (1996-01-01). "Madness, Holiness, Poetry : The Vachanas Of Virasaivite Women". Indian Literature 39 (3 (173)): 147–155.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ramaswamy (1992-01-01). "Rebels — Conformists? Women Saints in Medieval South India". Anthropos 87 (1/3): 133–146. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Siting Translation. Retrieved on 14 April 2018.
- ↑ Lively debate marks launch of Kannada classic in Harvard series. Deccan Herald (17 January 2017). Retrieved on 2017-03-31.
- ↑ Staff Correspondent. "Junction in Shivamogga named after Akka Mahadevi", The Hindu. Retrieved on 2017-03-31. (in en)
- ↑ "Women's university renamed - Times of India", The Times of India. Retrieved on 2017-03-31.