Albert Chmielowski

^[1] ^[2]Albert Chmielowski (20 Ọgọst 1845 - 25 Disemba 1916) - amuru Adam Hilary Bernard Chmielowski - bụ onye nkuzi Franciscan Polish, onye na-ese ihe, onye nwere ihe nke ọgba aghara nke 1863, na onye nna ma Albertine Brothers na Albertine Sisters ndị odibo nke ndị na-akpata ebe obibi na ndị ogbenye.

Ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A Kamara Chmielowski na Igołomia, na map nke Kraków Congress Poland, n'ime szlachta, ọkpara anɔ nye Wojciech Chmielowski, (1811-1853) na Józefa Borzysławska (1821-1859). Ụmụnne ya bụ Stanisław Teodor (b. 1848), Jadwiga Modesta Szaniawska (b. 1850) na Marian Antoni (1852-1903). [1] N’ihi akara onye ozizi n’oge egwu, e mere Albert baputiziisi site n’ụjọ na 26 Ọgọst 1845. Baptizim mere eme sochiri na 17 Jun 1847.

Ọ bụ nwa mgbei mgbe ọ dị afọ 8 mgbe nna ya nwụrụ na, afọ 10 ka e ezi, site na ọnwụ nne ya. Nchekwa na ụgbọala dabara n’aka nwanne nna ha bụ Petronela. Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ n'iche, Chmielowski gara n'ihu àgwà agroforestry na Puławy Polytechnic Institute n'ebumnobi maka ijikwa ala nne na nna ya gburu anwụ.

Onye mgba maka obodo ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

. ^[3]O na-ahụ aka na ndị agha ụdị akwụkwọ onwe wee sonye na ọgba aghara nke January . [1] [2] [3] Chmielowski sonyeere n'agha na 1 October 1863 nke ogbunigwe ndị Russia gburugburu ụgbọ ya ma mebie ụkwụ ya ruo n'ókè nke na a ga-ebipụ ya. E bugara Chmielowski ahụ ahụ n'ime ụlọ onye na-akụ osisi ebe ndị agha Finnish na Russia mụrụ aka ikura ya. Onye isi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ matara ya ebe ọ bụ na e nwere asịrị na-aga n'ihu na Chmielowski gbanarị egbe egbe ọ llala, ma ọ gwara ya na a ga-ụkwụ ụkwụ ya, bụ nke a mụrụ na Chmielowski kwuru, sị: "Nye m sịga - nke ga-enyere m aka ịgafe oge.". Ụbọchị ahụ gara n'ihu, nke ọma n'agbanyeghị na ike mgbanwụ. O nyere Chineke ike siri ike ya ka ọ na-atachi obi n’oké ihe ahụ. [4] [3] A kpọgara Chmielowski n'ịlụlụ maka ịgha ya - ndị agha ahụ ike ihe ha ga-eme ha a dọọrọ n'agha - mana ndị ha na ha so nyere ya aka ịgbapụ n' ọgwụ ọgwụ. zoro n'ime igbe ozu. N'ikpeazụ, e mgbasa ya na prosthesis osisi na-adịgide ndụ . O nyere Chineke na ihe eserese onwe nke Poland n'ihi na ọ nwụnahụrụ ya

Otú ọ dị, nke a adịte aka na 1870, ọ sonyeere Munich Art Academy, bụ ebe ụfọdụ ndị na-ese ihe na Poland na-eme enyi, eze Stanisław Witkiewicz, Józef Chełmoński, Aleksander Gierymski, Leon Wyczółkowski . [1] Ọ mara mma ma ziga ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi na Poland. Ka oge na-aga, ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-ewu ewu. aha njirimara ịpụta n'oge a dị ka ike St. Margaret na ọrụ ya mgbasa ewu ewu, Ecce homo, ugbu a na chapel nke Albertine Sisters na Kraków

Mpụta nka nka nke Adam Chmielowski filin 61, agba mmiri 22 na ụzọ iri na ise. Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a kacha mara amara bụ: Po pojedynku ("Mgbe Duel"), Dziewczynka z pieskiem ("obere nwa amụ nwere ụdị"), Cmentarz ("Ebe e liri"), Dama z listem ("Nwanyị nwere ikike". akwụkwọ ozi"), Powstaniec. na koniu ("Insurgent na ụgbọ"), Zachód słońca ("Sunset") na Amazonka ("The amazon"). [1] [2] [3] Na 1874 ọ àmà onye omenkà a ma ama na nke a ma ama na Kraków wee ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe ruo 1875. O buru ụzọ si na Paris gbapụrụ Munich tupu ọ pụta n 'ala nna ya ebe o edi na-ekwusi ike na nkà ga-abụ "enyi mmadụ". O biri na Warsaw ruo oge ụfọdụ tupu ya ebie na Kraków. Ma aha a ma ama onye ọrụ ya ma ọ bụghị ya mma, a kpọkwara ya n'ibu ọgwụ n'otu oge maka ego mba n'obi. Nkwenye ụzọ ndị siri ike ya ọkọlọtọ ya n' map ndị ma na-egosi dị ike nke mekwara ka ọ mara ndị ogbenye nọ na mpaghara ahụ. Ɔ manyere ya inyere ndị nọ ná mkpa aka ma wepụta onwe ya n’ebe obibi ndị na-achọ ebe obibi na Kraków. Ọtụtụ afọ nke ntụgharị uche miri emi ga-eme ka Chmielowski hapụ ọrụ ya iji biri n'etiti ndị ogbenye na onyekwere ndụ onye ugboro. [2] [4] N'afọ 1879, ya na enyi ya ngosi obere oge na Lwów

Ọrụ okpukpe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

^[3]Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe oyiyi nke ihe, ọ nwetara ọrụ na na 24 September 1880 ọ mgba n'oge ọhụrụ nke ndị Jesuit na Stara Wies ma chere egwu dị egwu ihu na mgbagha ebe ọ nwere faili ekiri ya, n 'oge na-akpakwa anya ọ dara ọrịa. . Nwanne ya Stanisław bịara iweghachite ya ma kpọga ya n'iche ya ka ọ gbakee, ebe o bụ na ọ na-agba na Jesuits n'ihi na ụzọ ahụ mbie maka ya. [1] N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ-pịa ụmụ nke Saint Francis nke Assisi nke mkpa ya ma kpalie ya mmetụta ha na-egosi nke isonye n'usoro ha. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka onye ntụziaka ime ya bụ onye ndú Lazarist ^[4]

Na 25 Ọgọst 1887 ọ sonyeere Order nke atọ nke Saint Francis wee were aha ndịrechi, Albert . Ọ na-abụ ọrụ mbụ ya n'aka Kadịnal Archbishọp nke Kraków Albin Dunajewski wee biri n'ihe nchekwa nchekwa ebe ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ afụ. [1] Na 1888 o kwere nkwa ndịrechi ya na 25 Ọgọst 1888 hiwere ndị ohu nke ndị ogbenye na na 15 January 1891 - n'ụdị Maria Jabłońska - ciyaarta ntọala ngwaọrụ ụmụ amụrụ yiri nke Prince Albertine Sisters bụ ndị haziri nri na ebe obibi maka ndị na-eche ebe obibi na ndị ogbenye. [1] [2] Chmielowski ga-anọ obere oge na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Kamel ebe ọ bịara n'ịbụ ndị nke Jọn nke Cross bụ onye ga-abụ ode akwụkwọ ọka ya. Ọ bịa mata onye Kamel ka elu, Raphael Kalinowski onye ụdị aro na ọ nwere ike iji onye Kamel. Otú ọ dị, Chmielowski ụzọ ya dị ka nke Franciscan

Ọnwụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

^[5]Ọ nwụrụ n'etiti ehihie na 25 Disemba 1916 n'ihi ọrịa kansa afụ n'eche ezumike nke o hibere. Ọ natawo egwu nke ndị ọrịa na 23 Disemba mgbe ọnọdụ ya pụtara ịka njọ. [1] E liri ya n'ili Rakowicki . Egwu pụtara ozu ya na 15 September 1932 wee tinye ya na igbe ozu ọla. A kpọpụtara ha ọzọ na 31 Mee 1949 ma tinye ha n'ime ụka Karmeli a ịchụpụ.

Na 10 Nọvemba 1938 ọ natara ihe nrite mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'ụdị Order of Polonia Restituta . ^[5]

Karol Wojtyła na 1949, bụ onye sere dị mfe mgbe ahụ na Poland, dere egwuregwu a nabatara nke ọma Albert, nke aha ya bụ Brat naszego Boga nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri nwere otu aha ahụ na 1997. John Paul II mechara mechara. kwuo na mkparị nkwado ime dị ukwuu maka ọrụ nke ya na ndụ onye senti Polish bụ onye ọ mụrụ dị ka ihe atụ nke ụwa nke nka iji mee nhọrọ dị egwu maka ndụ ụmụ ^[2]

^[5]Usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ na 1966 n'okpuru Pope Paul VI bụ onye mechara kwupụta na ọ bụ Venerable na 1977 na ikike na ochie ahụ ebiela ndụ nke omume ọma . Pope John Paul II - onye ihe atụ Chmielowski nwaworo ruo n'ọkwa dị akara ama - tiri ya ihe n'afọ 1983 mgbe ọ nọ na Kraków ma ịhụ mee ya n'isi na 1989 na St Peter's Square . Emere emerechi ya na June 17 mmebi ụbọchị ọnya, n'ihi na ụbọchị ahụ bụ ekeresimesi .

Usoro iti aka mgbasa site na usoro ozi nke Kadịnal Adam Stefan Sapieha le ekiri site na nraranye ya na 1946, ruo mgbe mmechi ya na 1947. Ndị ọkà-achị achị-eji ihe odide ihe odide ime ya nile ka eze n'okwukwe na 3 Mee 1956. Ọ bụ ihe na-egosi nke ihe ndị a bịara na 27 Jenụwarị 1966 n'okpuru Pope Paul VI nke a mara ọkwa na ọ bụ Ohu Chineke . Kadịnal Karol Józef Wojtyła - Pope John Paul II n'ọdịniihu - le usoro ndịozi site na 15 September 1967 ruo 1968 ebe achịcha maka ihe ndị na-eme ihe ndị ndoro ndoro ndabere usoro usoro gara aga na Rome na 17 October 1970. Ndị ọrụ CCS na ndị ọrụ ha ha. ihe ihe oyiyi ya na 13 Ma ọchịchị 1976 dịka CCS mere naanị na 30 November 1976 mgbe nke ndụ ya nke ọma dị egwu nyere Pope Paul VI aha ya dị ka Venerable na 20 January 1977

^[6]A Nwera ọrụ ebube nke canonization na dayọsis sitere na 9 September ruo 24 Nọvemba 1987 wee nye usoro a Propace ya na 26 February 1988 tupu ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndụ zukọta ya, ọtụtụ ọnwa ka e ịhụ, na 23 Nọvemba 1988. Ndị na-akpa nkà Daaka ike na ọrụ ebube a na 3 February 1989 dịka CCS mere na 21 February 1989. Mgbe ahụ John Paul II akwụkwọ ya na 24 February 1989, na-akwado na a ga-akpọsa Chmielowski dị ka onye senti n'oge oge. John Paul II canonized Chmielowski na 12 Nọvemba 1989 na Saint Peter Square