Albinism n'ime ụmụ mmadụ

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ

Albinism ndị ọzọ ngwá ha ji na-ekporo, n'agbasa mmeri na ụkwụ, ụmụ agbọọ na anya okpuru. Albinism nwere ihu mgbanwe nke ọzọ, dị ka photophobia, nystagmus, na amblyopia. Ịkwụnyere ego pigmentation ga-eji na-esere na ihe ndị ga-ekpe were mkpuruobi na ara. Na rare omume, dịka Chédiak – Higashi syndrome, albinism nwere ihu n'ihi na mmesịị ya nwere ike gara agbataobi melanin. N'ihi na ihe ndị ahụ na-eredoro n'ihi na ara ndị na-ekpe were ndị na-ataba, o nwere ike gara ya na ahịa okpuru.

Albinism dị n'ahịa ọnụ a na-adịghị ego nke nha na-eme ọnụ ndị mmadụ na ndị nrị, na-adịghị ego na mmiri n'anya na anya. Albinism na-efu na otu afọ n'ime ndị ndi na-ezu ike, dị ka photophobia, nystagmus, na amblyopia. Ị dịghị anya anya nha na-emegharị ike ịzụ dị n'obi taa na isi ndị mmadụ na ndị nrị. Na ndị mpụta maka nnukwu agbanwe nha dị ka Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, albinism ka ha na-efu na deficits nke nha na-enweghị mmiri ya na-achọ ndị mmadụ nke ị ga-ebipụta nnukwu agbanwe na na-agba ọnụ.

Albinism na ebe ndị mma na-enye onwe ha n'ime ọrịa ọrịa nke agbanwe na-akụrụ onye mmadụ, ndị otu a ga-amasị ndị mma. O nweghị onye mmemme ma ọ bụ onye adịghị nwere ụlọ ọrịa nke tyrosinase, ụlọ-egwu chọrọ n'ime ifo otu ọrịa nke melanin. N'ime ụmụ nwoke anọ na ndị ozo, ha mere nne nri pigments ndị ala, na n'ime ha, albinism bụ nnukwu sickness nke na-ekere mgbe ọ bụla n'ime ngwa ngwa, n'ime ihe egbu egwuregwu, n'ime ihe egosi, ọkụ, mdepụta ma ọ bụ ụkwụ. Site na onye a ma hụ albino, onye a ma hụ leucistic ma ọ bụ albinoid bụ "onye nwe ntinye ndị na-etinye", "ndị nwere ntinye ụlọ-426mel8", "ndị na-egosi ntinye" ma ọ bụ "ndị na-akọwakọwa". Aha bụ Latin albus, "ọcha".

Nwa agbọghọ na-arịa ọrịa albinism si Papua New Guinea

Enweghị ebe nwụrụ ana osisi nke albinism: oculocutaneous, na-enye ego, aka na ụmụ nkwụ, na ocular na-anụ n'ego anọ.

[1]E nwere ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ocutocutaneous dị iche iche dabere na usoro ọmụmụ a gbanwere. Na ụfọdụ enweghị ezi ma ọlị. Ọgwụgwụ ọzọ nke ụdị albinism bụ "ụdị nke albinism a na-akpọ rufous ocutocutaneous albinism, nke na-emetụtakarị ndị gbara ọchịchịrị"

[2]Dabere na National Organisation for Albinism na Hypopigmentation, "Site na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, agba nke iris nke anya nwere ike ịdị iche site na acha anụnụ anụnụ ruo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna aja aja, ma mgbe ụfọdụ ọchịchịrị na-agba afọ. Agbanyeghị, mgbe onye na-ahụ maka optometrist ma ọ bụ ophthalmologist na-enyocha anya site na-enwu ọkụ site n'akụkụ anya, ọkụ ahụ na-enwu site na iris ebe ọ bụ na obere ezì dị."


N'ihi na ndị nwere albinism nwere anụ ahụ nke na-enweghị melanin gbara ọchịchịrị, nke na-enyere aka kpuchido anụ ahụ na radieshon nke anyanwụ, akpụkpọ ha nwere ike ịgba ọkụ karịa karịa oke.

[3]Anya mmadụ na-amịpụta ụcha zuru oke iji mee ka iris acha anụnụ anụnụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ aja aja ma na-agbazinye anya. Na foto, ndị nwere albinism yikarịrị igosipụta "anya uhie", n'ihi ọbara ọbara nke retina na-ahụ anya site na iris. Enweghị ụcha n'anya na-ebute nsogbu na ọhụụ, ma ihe metụtara ya na enweghị njikọ na foto.

Ndị nwere albinism na-adịkarị mma dịka ndị ọzọ bi na ( mana hụ nsogbu ndị metụtara ya n'okpuru ), na uto na mmepe na-ewere dị ka ihe nkịtị, na albinism n'onwe ya anaghị akpata ọnwụ, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ụcha na-egbochi radieshon ultraviolet na-abawanye ihe ize ndụ nke melanomas ( ọrịa kansa ) na nsogbu ndị ọzọ.,[4].[5]

Malian Mandinka singer Salif Keita na ọrịa albinism

Mmepe nke usoro ngwa anya dabere na ọnụnọ nke melanin. Maka nke a, mbelata ma ọ bụ enweghị ezighi ezi a na ndị nwere albinism nwere ike ibute:

Onudu ányá ndi nwéré ọrịa albinism bú ndia :




Genetics[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

".[9]Oculocutaneous albinism bụ n'ozuzu nsonaazụ nke ihe nketa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ( genes ) sitere na nne na nna nke mmadụ dịka OCA1 na OCA2. Mgbanwe na mkpụrụ ndụ TRP-1 mmadụ nwere ike ibute nsị nke enzymes melanocyte tyrosinase, mgbanwe a na-eche n'echiche iji kwalite aja aja na ngwakọta melanin ojii, na-ebute ụzọ nke atọ oculocutaneous albinism ( OVA ) genotype, "OCA3". A na-eketa ụdị ụfọdụ dị ụkọ site na naanị otu nne na nna. Enwere mmụba mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị ọzọ nke egosipụtara na ha nwere njikọ na albinism. Mgbanwe niile, na-eduga na mgbanwe na mmepụta melanin n'ime ahụ. Offọdụ n'ime ndị a jikọtara ya na ịba ụba nke ọrịa kansa .



The chance of offspring with albinism resulting from the pairing of an organism with albinism and one without albinism is low. However, because organisms (including humans) can be carriers of genes for albinism without exhibiting any traits, albinistic offspring can be produced by two non-albinistic parents. Albinism usually occurs with equal frequency in both sexes.[10] An exception to this is ocular albinism, which it is passed on to offspring through X-linked inheritance. Thus, ocular albinism occurs more frequently in males as they have a single X and Y chromosome, unlike females, whose genetics are characterized by two X chromosomes. [11]

  1. ↑ oculocutaneous albinism. Genetics Home Reference. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (October 2015). Retrieved on 10 November 2017.
  2. ↑ Information Bulletin – Ocular Albinism. National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved on 11 March 2017.
  3. ↑ Khanna (2013-12-30). Essentials of Genetics (in en). I. K. International Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-80026-34-3. 
  4. ↑ Boissy (21 July 2016). James:Dermatologic Manifestations of Albinism. Medscape etal. eMedicine / WebMD. Retrieved on 10 November 2017.
  5. ↑ Richter (2017-02-27). Witchcraft as a Social Diagnosis: Traditional Ghanaian Beliefs and Global Health (in en). Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-2319-6. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Chen (2006). Atlas of genetic diagnosis and counseling. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 37–40. ISBN 978-1-58829-681-8. Retrieved on 22 July 2010. 
  7. ↑ Kruijt (2011). "Ocular Straylight in Albinism". Optometry and Vision Science 88 (5): E585–592. DOI:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318212071e. PMID 21358444. 
  8. ↑ How Albinism Affects Vision (sv). LensShopper.com. Retrieved on 22 February 2017.
  9. ↑ Boissy (1996). "Mutation in and lack of expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melanocytes from an individual with brown oculocutaneous albinism: A new subtype of albinism classified as "OCA3"". American Journal of Human Genetics 58 (6): 1145–1156. PMID 8651291. 
  10. ↑ Boissy, Raymond E. (21 July 2016). Dermatologic Manifestations of Albinism. Medscape. eMedicine / WebMD.
  11. ↑ Àtụ:Cite encyclopedia
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albinism_n%27ime_ụmụ_mmadụ&oldid=115137