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Alpha-fetoprotein

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Alpha-fetoprotein
protein
Akụkụ nkeSerum albumin-like, Serum albumin/Alpha-fetoprotein/Afamin, Serum albumin, N-terminal domain, protein family, Serum albumin, conserved site, protein family Dezie
Hụrụ na taxonHomo sapiens Dezie
Koodu site naAFP Dezie
Ọrụ molekulametal ion binding, protein binding Dezie
Akụkụ cellextracellular region, extracellular space, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum lumen Dezie
Usoro nduovulation from ovarian follicle, SMAD protein signal transduction, sexual reproduction, progesterone metabolic process, post-translational protein modification Dezie
 

Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; nke a na-akpọkwa alfa-1-fetoprotein mgbe ụfọdụ, alfa-fetoglobulin, ma ọ bụ protein alfa fetal) bụ protein [1] [2] nke mmadụ na-etinye ya na mkpụrụ ndụ AFP.[3]. [4] Mkpụrụ ndụ AFP dị na q ogwe aka nke chromosome 4 (4q13.3).[5] A na-eji ọkwa serum nke AFP nke nne na-enyocha maka ọrịa Down syndrome, ntụpọ tube neural, na ihe ọjọọ chromosomal ndị ọzọ.. [1]

AFP bụ isi protein plasma nke akpa nkochi imeju na imeju nwa ebu n'afọ na-emepụta n'oge mmepe nwa ebu n'afọ. A na-eche na ọ bụ analog nwa ebu n'afọ nke serum albumin. AFP na-ejikọta na ọla kọpa, nickel, fatty acids na bilirubin[1] ma dị n'ụdị monomeric, dimeric na trimeric..

Ọdịdị ya

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AFP bụ glycoprotein nke 591 amino acid [2] na carbohydrate. [3]

Ọrụ

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A maghị ọrụ AFP na ụmụ mmadụ toro eto. AFP bụ protein plasma kachasị n'ime nwa e bu n'afọ. N'ime nwa e bu n'afọ, ọ bụ imeju na akpa yolk na-emepụta AFP. E kwenyere na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka protein na-ebute (dị ka albumin) nke na-ebugharị ihe dịka abụba acid na mkpụrụ ndụ.[4] Ọdịdị plasma nne na-arị elu na njedebe nke ọnwa atọ mbụ, ma malite ibelata tupu amụọ nwa n'oge ahụ, wee belata ngwa ngwa mgbe amuchara. A na-enwekarị ogo okenye dị mma n'ime nwa ọhụrụ site na afọ 8 ruo ọnwa 12. Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọrụ ya n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, n'ime anụmanụ ọ na-ejikọta estradiol iji gbochie ibugharị nke hormone a gafee Placenta gaa na nwa e bu n'afọ. Ọrụ bụ isi nke a bụ igbochi virilization nke ụmụ nwanyị e bu n'afọ. Dị ka AFP mmadụ anaghị ejikọta estrogen, ọrụ ya n'ime ụmụ mmadụ adịchaghị mma.[5] Na ọrịa kansa imeju mmadụ, a na-ahụ AFP ka ọ na-ejikọta glypican-3 (GPC3), antigen ọzọ nke oncofetal.[6]

Enwere ike iji nnukwu ọgwụ estrogen kpuchie usoro AFP nke ụmụ oke, nke na-eme ka usoro AFP ghara ịdị nwoke ma mee ka nwa e bu n'afọ. Mmetụta nwoke nke estrogen nwere ike iyi ihe na-emegide nghọta ebe ọ bụ na estrogen dị oke mkpa maka mmepe kwesịrị ekwesị nke njirimara nwanyị nke abụọ n'oge uto. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ihe mere tupu a mụọ ya. A chọrọ Hormone Gonadal sitere na testicles, dị ka Testosterone na homonụ na-emegide Müllerian, iji mee ka mmepe nke nwoke phenotypic. Na-enweghị homonụ ndị a, nwa e bu n'afọ ga-etolite n'ime nwanyị phenotypic ọbụlagodi na ọ bụ XY. Mgbanwe nke testosterone n'ime estradiol site na aromatase n'ọtụtụ anụ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịghọ nwoke nke anụ ahụ.[7][8] A na-eche na nwoke nke ụbụrụ na-eme ma site na ntụgharị nke testosterone na estradiol site na aromatase, kamakwa site na de novo synthesis nke estrogen n'ime ụbụrụ.[9][10] Ya mere, AFP nwere ike ichebe nwa e bu n'afọ site na estradiol nne nke ga-enwe mmetụta nwoke na nwa e bu, mana ọrụ ya ka na-ese okwu.

Ọdịdị nke serum

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Nne

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N'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, enwere ike nyochaa ọkwa AFP nke nwa ebu n'afọ na mmamịrị nwanyị dị ime. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ekpochapụ AFP ngwa ngwa na serum nne site na akụrụ ya, mmamịrị nne AFP na-ejikọta ọkwa ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ, n'agbanyeghị ọkwa mmamịrị nne dị obere karịa ọkwa ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ. Ọkwa AFP na-ebili ruo ihe dị ka izu 32. A na-eme nyocha ọbara ọbara nke nne na 16 ruo 18 izu ime ime.[1] Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa MSAFP na-egosi anomaly, enwere ike ịnye onye ọrịa amniocentesis.

Ụmụ ọhụrụ

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A na-akọ akụkọ dị iche iche nke AFP maka ndị okenye na ụmụaka dị ka ndị na-erubeghị 50, n'okpuru 10, ma ọ bụ n'okpuru 5 ng / ml.[11][12]  Mgbe a mụrụ ya, ụmụ ọhụrụ dị mma nwere ọkwa AFP anọ ma ọ bụ karịa karịa karịa nke a dị mma, nke na-ebelata ruo n'ókè dị mma n'ime afọ mbụ nke ndụ.[13][14][15][16][17]

N'oge a, ọnụọgụ nke ọkwa AFP na-agafe ihe dịka usoro abụọ.[18] Nnyocha ziri ezi nke ọkwa AFP na-adịghị mma n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ ga-eburu n'uche usoro ndị a dị mma.[18]

Ọnọdụ AFP dị elu nwere ike ịbụ nke a na-etinye n'ahụ (lee akara Tumor), nke na-eme ka a kọọ ọkwa ahụ dị ala karịa n'ezie.[19] Nke a dị mkpa maka nyocha nke usoro nyocha nke AFP tumor, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'ihe gbasara nyocha mbụ nke ndị lanarịrị ọrịa kansa, ebe ọnụego mbelata nke AFP nwere uru nchọpụta.

Ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe gbasara ahụike

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  A na-ejikarị nha nke AFP mee ihe na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọgwụ abụọ. Nke mbụ, a na-atụ ya n'ime ụmụ nwanyị dị ime site na nyocha nke ọbara nne ma ọ bụ mmiri ọmụmụ dị ka nyocha nyocha maka ụfọdụ adịghị ike mmepe, dị ka aneuploidy. Nke abụọ, a na-ebuli ọkwa serum AFP elu na ndị nwere etuto ụfọdụ, ya mere a na-eji ya dị ka biomarker iji soro ọrịa ndị a. Edepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ọrịa ndị a n'okpuru:

  • Nkwarụ ọmụmụ metụtara elu AFP
    • Omphalocele[20][21]
    • Ọrịa Gastroschisis
    • Neural tube defects: ↑ α-fetoprotein na amniotic fluid na maternal serum />[22]
  • Ọrịa kansa ndị metụtara AFP dị elu
    • Carcinoma nke mkpụrụ ndụ imeju[23]
    • Ọrịa na-efe efe na-emetụta imeju
    • Nonseminomatous germ cell tumorsỌrịa cancer nke mkpụrụ ndụ nje
    • Ọrịa akpụ nke akpa Yolk
  • Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ metụtara AFP dị elu
    • Ataxia telangiectasia: a na-eji AFP dị elu dị ka otu ihe na nchọpụta [24]

A na-azọrọ na peptide sitere na AFP nke a na-akpọ AFPep nwere ihe mgbochi ọrịa kansa.[25]

N'ọgwụgwọ nke Ọrịa kansa testicular ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji kewaa ọdịiche nke seminomatous na non-seminomatous tumors. A na-emekarị nke a n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma mgbe ewepụchara testicle ma kwado ya site na akara tumor. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ bụ seminoma dị ọcha, ọ bụrụgodị na AFP dị elu, a na-emeso akpụ ahụ dị ka akpụ na-abụghị nke na-abụghị ya n'ihi na o nwere ihe ndị mejupụtara yolk sac (nonseminomatous).[26]

Hụkwa

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  • Ihe ịrịba ama nke akpụ
  • AFP-L3
  • Ule Ugboro Atọ
  • Afọ nne

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Perry (2014). "8: Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy", Maternal Child Nursing Care, Fifth, St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-09610-2. OCLC 858005418. 
  2. ↑ (May 1991) "Human alpha-fetoprotein primary structure: a mass spectrometric study". Biochemistry 30 (20): 5061–6. DOI:10.1021/bi00234a032. PMID 1709810. 
  3. ↑ (1995) "Biochemical characteristics and clinical applications of alpha-fetoprotein isoforms". Anticancer Research 15 (4): 1491–9. PMID 7544570. 
  4. ↑ Chen (1997). "Regulation and activities of alpha-fetoprotein". Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 7 (1–2): 11–41. DOI:10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v7.i1-2.20. PMID 9034713. 
  5. ↑ Carter CS (2002). "Neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the female", in Becker JB: Behavioral Endocrinology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 88–89. ISBN 978-0-262-52321-9. 
  6. ↑ Zhang (October 2024). "A proteomic atlas of glypican-3 interacting partners: Identification of alpha-fetoprotein and other extracellular proteins as potential immunotherapy targets in liver cancer" (in en). Proteoglycan Research 2 (4). DOI:10.1002/pgr2.70004. ISSN 2832-3556. 
  7. ↑ (December 2000) "Hormones in male sexual development". Genes & Development 14 (24): 3075–86. DOI:10.1101/gad.843800. PMID 11124800. 
  8. ↑ (1992) "Aromatase enzyme activity and sex determination in chickens.". Science 255 (5043): 467–70. DOI:10.1126/science.1734525. PMID 1734525. 
  9. ↑ (2008) "Role for estradiol in female-typical brain and behavioral sexual differentiation.". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 29 (1): 1–16. DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.06.001. PMID 17720235. 
  10. ↑ Harding CF (2004). "Hormonal modulation of singing: hormonal modulation of the songbird brain and singing behavior.". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1016 (1): 524–39. DOI:10.1196/annals.1298.030. PMID 15313793. 
  11. ↑ (March 1992) "Alpha-fetoprotein levels in normal adults". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 303 (3): 157–9. DOI:10.1097/00000441-199203000-00004. PMID 1375809. 
  12. ↑ (February 1977) "Mean alpha-fetoprotein values of 1,333 males over 15 years by age groups". Digestion 15 (2): 97–103. DOI:10.1159/000197990. PMID 65304. 
  13. ↑ (1998) "Alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) reference values in infants up to 2 years of age". Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 15 (2): 135–42. DOI:10.3109/08880019809167228. PMID 9592840. 
  14. ↑ (October 1997) "Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in normal children". European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 7 (5): 267–9. DOI:10.1055/s-2008-1071168. PMID 9402482.  (January 1989) "Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in normal infants: a reappraisal of regression analysis and sex difference". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8 (1): 19–25. DOI:10.1097/00005176-198901000-00005. PMID 2471821. 
  15. ↑ (April 1987) "Plasma alpha fetoprotein reference ranges in infancy: effect of prematurity". Archives of Disease in Childhood 62 (4): 362–9. DOI:10.1136/adc.62.4.362. PMID 2439023. 
  16. ↑ (November 2004) "Alpha-fetoprotein in the early neonatal period--a large study and review of the literature". Clinica Chimica Acta 349 (1–2): 15–23. DOI:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.06.020. PMID 15469851. 
  17. ↑ (1985) "Serum levels of AFP in normal infants: their clinical and physiological significance", Alfa-Fetoprotein and Congenital Disorders. New York: Academic Press, 111–122. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 (January 1989) "Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in normal infants: a reappraisal of regression analysis and sex difference". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8 (1): 19–25. DOI:10.1097/00005176-198901000-00005. PMID 2471821. Lee PI, Chang MH, Chen DS, Lee CY (January 1989).
  19. ↑ (July 2006) "The hook effect: a need for constant vigilance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 43 (Pt 4): 314–7. DOI:10.1258/000456306777695726. PMID 16824284. 
  20. ↑ (September 1990) "[Alpha fetoprotein concentration in the amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by fetal anomaly]" (in hu). Orvosi Hetilap 131 (39): 2139–42. PMID 1699194. 
  21. ↑ (December 2005) "Down syndrome screening in the first and second trimesters: what do the data show?". Seminars in Perinatology 29 (6): 367–75. DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.01.001. PMID 16533649. 
  22. ↑ (2012) "First-trimester screening for neural tube defects using alpha-fetoprotein". Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 31 (2): 109–14. DOI:10.1159/000335677. PMID 22377693. 
  23. ↑ Ertle (2013). "A combination of α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin is superior in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.". Digestion 87 (2): 121–31. DOI:10.1159/000346080. PMID 23406785. 
  24. ↑ (October 2005) "Molecular pathology of ataxia telangiectasia". Journal of Clinical Pathology 58 (10): 1009–15. DOI:10.1136/jcp.2005.026062. PMID 16189143. 
  25. ↑ (April 2000) "Alpha-fetoprotein-derived antiestrotrophic octapeptide". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1501 (1): 33–43. DOI:10.1016/S0925-4439(00)00008-9. PMID 10727847. 
  26. ↑ (September 1975) "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol 24 (17): 1639–41. DOI:10.1016/0006-2952(75)90094-5. PMID 10. 
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