Andrew Herxheimer
Andrew Herxheimer (4 Nọvemba 1925 - 21 Febrụwarị 2016) bụ ọka ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Britain na German. Ọ "nwere ike n'ụdị niile nke inye onwe ya, Ozi doro anya na nkenke ịgba mbọ na ndị na-abụ na eze, na [nwere] ozi dị ogologo nke ilele ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ". [1] A maara ya maka ntọala ntọala Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, iji iyaere ndị na-ahụ maka ngwaọrụ ka mma na ọgwụ ọgwụ. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká ndị ọrụ ya na ụlọ London na Charing Cross na 1991, ọ gara n'ihu n'ahụ ya dị ka onye maka Cochrane Collaboration na-achọ anya na ịzụ ngwaahịa, yana dịka onye mba ụwa. na Nkwado ndị ọrịa na Nkwado ndị enyi .
Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][1]A mind Andrew Herxheimer na Berlin, Germany nye Ilse (née Koenig) na Herbert Herxheimer n'ime ndị Juu. [1] Ya na nne ya na nwanne Eva gbapụrụ na 1938 iji nna ya na London. [2] Nna ya, na physiology egwuregwu [2] ọrụ dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ na Highgate School, North London [3] site n’ebe nke Archibald Hill onye isi ndị gbara ọsọ ọsọ. ndụ ezinụlọ aka site na Society maka Nchedo nke Sayensị na-ajụ. Herbert Herxheimer na Hill zutere na Berlin Olympics na 1936. [2] Andrew gara otu ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe nna ya na-arụ ọrụ, ma nata akwụkwọ ego dị ka nwa nwanne Karl Herxheimer, bụ onye ọrụ omume mkpali na ọgwụ nje a na-akpọ aha ya. Andrew bụ ụlọ nke ụlọ chess nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na onye so na nsogbu ịgba site na Jenụwarị 1939 ruo Julaị 1944. [2] Ọ ọgwụ na scholarships na St Thomas' Hospital Medical School
Ọrụ, 1949–2016
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][2]akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na 1949, [1] mba ọrụ na obere ụlọ Herxheimer Mgberi na St Thomas's Hospital site na 1953 ruo 1958, site na 1959 ruo 1976 [2] na London Hospital na Charing Cross na Westminster Hospital Medical College. Site na 1966 ruo 1973 ọ jere ozi na Kọmitii Formulary National nke Britain ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụdị ọgwụ ọgwụ na Groningen, Netherlands, site na 1968 ruo 1977. [2] N'afọ 1991 ọ lara ezumike nká na mama na Charing Cross.
[3]Ọdụ onye mmalite maka Cochrane Centre na Oxford, nke Iain Chalmers hiwere na 1993, na-alụ maka igbochi Herxheimer iji guzobe ngwaọrụ Cochrane . Herxheimer nke ụka maka imekọ ihe ọnụ "iji were ngwaahịa nke ọgwụ na-abụ ndị ọzọ nlele ihe".
Herxheimer jere ozi dị ka onye mgbaàmà maka ndị ọrịa abụọ ahụ, ndị na-ekiri ọ gara n'ime afọ 80 ya, yana n'ilo omeiwu. [1] Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ndị ọrịa na ndị na-azụ ahịa mgbe ọ na-mpụtapụta "otu ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-esi ekpuchi mgbochi bara uru nke ike ya ma na-eleda ngosi ahụ anya" na kọmitii serera ndị omeiwu. na mbụ.[4]
Mmezu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n' ọgwụ London, Herxheimer ngwa na ọ dị mkpa ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ mara ọkwa nke ọma. N'ike nsasị The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na USA na 1960 ọ ntọala ntọala Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (DTB) dị ka UK da ike, ndị ọrụ na-ede akwụkwọ, mana n'efu. Na mbụ, ndị otu UK Consumers' Association nke na ngalaba ngalaba emechara . "Nkwupụta n'ezoghị ọnụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ uru ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na- akpali iwe nke ụlọ ọrụ, na iyi egwu mgbe ụfọdụ ịgba akwụkwọ." [1] Edemede ọ elala na-egosi ndị ọhụụ na-ama atụ site n'aka mmadụ 20–30, nzukọ ụlọ ọrụ, na-azụ ya na- mama aha. [2] Otu onye na-ekiri ekirila adị nke National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) dị ka "[na-ahụsị] site n'ihe DTB na----- eji ime".[1]
Ihe ịga nke ọma nke abụọ bụ Database of Individual Patient Experiences (DIPEx) na GP Ann McPherson, na-anakọta ndị mmadụ, ozi ndị ọrịa iji rite uru na ndị ọrịa na ndị nchọpụta ndị ọzọ iji echiche ndị ọrịa. DIIPEx anɔwo na-akwado webụsa ịtị abụọ, healthtalk.org na youthhealthtalk.org, nke na-ekesa mgbapa nsogbu mgbasa na eze n'ime ọrịa ndị na-arịa site na otu Ahụhụmahụ nke Mahadum Oxford . [1] As of February 2016[update] </link></link> Usoro a arọ nke ọrụ mba ejiri na mba 14, [2] na-ekpuchi mkpuchi 90.[1]
Ọ masịrị ya ọrụ na mba ofesi, guzobe ngalaba ọgwụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Groningen na Netherlands, na-ahụ maka World Health Organisation, na-elekọta ma International Society of Drug Bulletins site na ntọala ya na 1986 ruo 1996, yana otu onye ọrụ Consumers International . .[3]
Ndụ onwe onye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Herxheimer na-ama ugboro abụọ, [1] mbụ onye mmebe akwa Susan Collier, onye ya na nwere ihe ngosi Charlotte na Sophie. Mgbe ịgba egwu egwu, ọ na-ekiri Christine Bernecker, onye na-ahụ maka mgbaka na onye nchacha na 1983. Herxheimer mara maara nke ọma ma marakwa nke ọma na anɔ, German, Dutch na French, iji ntụgharị ha ihe. [3]
A kpọgara Herxheimer n'ụlọ ọgwụ maka nkụchi obi dị nro na February 2016. Nwunye ya kwuru na "Andrew kpebisiri ike ibi ndụ bara uru na ọbụna mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Free [...] ọ na-enyefe mpempe akwụkwọ na healthtalk. Ọ na-edezikwa ruo ụbọchị tupu ọ nwụọ." [1] Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa strok na 21 February 2016. [2]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Joanna Lyall (15 March 2016). "Obituary Andrew Herxheimer (4 November 1925 – 21 February 2016)". The Pharmaceutical Journal 296 (7887). DOI:10.1211/PJ.2016.20200864. Retrieved on 15 April 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pj" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Geoff Watts (2016). "Obituary Andrew Herxheimer". The Lancet 387 (10028): 1612. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30210-0. PMID 27116063. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "lan" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Caroline Richmond. "Andrew Herxheimer obituary", The Guardian, 25 March 2016. Retrieved on 15 April 2016. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "guard" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Memorandum by Professor Andrew Herxheimer (P165). House of Commons, Select Committee on Health. British Parliament (2005). Retrieved on 15 April 2016.