Asụsụ Buru
| obere ụdị nke | Central Maluku  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Indonesia |
| ụmụ amaala ka | Q24340639, Jakarta, Maluku |
| ebe | Buru Island |
| usoro ederede | Latin script |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6a Vigorous |
| Buru | |
|---|---|
| li fuk Buru | |
| A mụrụ ya | Indonesia |
| Ógbè | Àgwàetiti Buru (Maluku) |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
45,000 (2009)[1] |
| Latịn | |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | mhs
|
| Glottolog | buru1303
|
Buru ma ọ bụ Buruese (Buru: li fuk Buru[2]) bụ asụsụ Malayo-Polynesian nke alaka Central Maluku. 'afọ 1991, ihe dị ka mmadụ 45,000 bi n'àgwàetiti Indonesia _people" id="mwEw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Buru people">Ndị Buru (Indonesia: ) na-asụ ya. [1] [1] na-echekwa ya na obodo Buru na Ambon na ụfọdụ Àgwàetiti Maluku ndị ọzọ, yana n'isi obodo Indonesia Jakarta na Netherlands.
Nnyocha zuru ezu nke asụsụ Buru nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ Australia na ndị na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme Charles E. Grimes na Barbara Dix Grimes mere n'afọ ndị 1980.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere ike ịmata asụsụ atọ nke Buru, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ nke agbụrụ ya na agwaetiti Buru na-eji: Rana (nke aha ya bụ ọdọ mmiri dị n'etiti Buru; ihe karịrị ndị na-asụ 14,000), Masarete (ihe karịrị ndị na'asụ 9,500) na Wae Sama (ihe karịrị 6,500). Ihe dị ka 3,000-5,000 nke ndị Rana tinyere asụsụ ha bụ isi na-eji ihe a na-akpọ "asụsụ nzuzo" Ligahan. Asụsụ Fogi dịbu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ adịkwaghị. Mmekọrịta okwu n'etiti olumba bụ ihe dịka 90% n'etiti Masarete na Wae Sama, 88% n'etiti masarete na Rana na 80% n'etiti Wae Sama na Rana. Ewezuga asụsụ obodo, ọtụtụ ndị Buru, ọkachasị na mpaghara na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ iwu na nghọta nke asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba ahụ, Indonesian. [1] n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ejikwa Ambonese Malay.
Aha na ihe mgbochi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị Buru na-eji aha ọdịnala, tinyere aha ndị Alakụba ma ọ bụ nke Ndị Kraịst, ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ Lesnussa, Latbual, Nurlatu, Lehalima, Wael na Sigmarlatu. Asụsụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ usoro okwu ndị a machibidoro iwu, nke bụ ma omume ma asụsụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ikwu na-ezo aka na ibe ha site na aha ndị ikwu, mana ọ bụghị site na aha (ya bụ, nna, mana ọ bụ Lesnussa). Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ọdịbendị Austronesian ndị ọzọ, ndị Buru na-ezo aka na ndị ikwu nwụrụ anwụ site na aha. Ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka okike, owuwe ihe ubi, ịchụ nta na igbu azụ, nke a ga-ahọrọ okwu ụfọdụ dabere na mpaghara agwaetiti. Ihe omuma ndi a nwere nkọwa n'akụkọ ifo ndi ozo. 'ọnọdụ niile, a naghị ahapụ okwu maka ihe ndị a machibidoro iwu, kama a na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ dochie ya. Asụsụ niile nke Buru nwere okwu ndị a gbazitere agbazitere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na Dutch na Portuguese n'oge Dutch colonization ma na-ezo aka na ihe ndị a na-ahụtụbeghị n'àgwàetiti ahụ. Ụdị okwu ndị ọzọ gbazitere sitere n'asụsụ Malay n'ihi mbata nke ndị mmadụ si n'àgwàetiti dị nso.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Buru nwere ụdaume na ụdaume 17. E gosipụtara ha na tebụl ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a:
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Apical | Akụkụ dị iche iche | N'azụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Kwụsị | enweghị olu | p | t̪ | tʃ | k |
| kwuru okwu | b | d | (dʒ) | g | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | f | s | h | ||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | ||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l | j | ||
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| N'etiti | na | o | |
| Emeghe | a |
Usoro ide ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Buru na agwaetiti Ambelau dị nso (Lisela, Kayeli na Ambelau), Buru nwere usoro ederede na-arụ ọrụ dabere na mkpụrụedemede Latin. Ndị Kraịst Buru ji Bible e dere n'asụsụ ha na-efe ofufe, nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ Dutch sụgharịrị na 1904. [1]
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere ike ịhazi asụsụ Buru dị ka asụsụ isi-okwu-ihe, prepositional, na ndị na-agbanwe aha na-esote aha isi na ahịrịokwu aha, na genitive na-apụta n'ihu aha.
Ịgọnahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Na Buru, echiche onye na-ekwu okwu ma ọ bụ nyocha nke otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ okwu na-apụta na njedebe. Ọbụna akụkọ zuru ezu nwere ike iji ahịrịokwu ma ọ bụ abụọ mechie na-egosipụta àgwà onye na-ekwu okwu banyere ihe a na-ekwu, ebe ma ọ bụ onye ha nụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ ikpe ndị yiri ya. A na-egosipụta nke a na ahịrịokwu na ọbụna ọkwa ahịrịokwu site na enyemaka, akụkụ nke usoro TAM (Tense-aspect-mood), mkpado, na ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ. Grimes kew[3] ihe ndị a dị ka "ndị dị n'èzí na ahịrịokwu kwesịrị ekwesị". [1]:: 232 Nke a na-agụnye nyocha nke eziokwu nke ihe a na-ekwu, nke akara moo, isi okwu na-adịghị mma na Buru.
Ihe niile na-ezo aka na Grimes (1991).[3]Àtụ:InterlinearNkwupụta ikpeazụ dị otú ahụ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma n'Asụsụ Austronesian, ebe ihe na-ezighị ezi na-apụta n'ihu ngwaa ma ọ bụ predicate. Akụkụ a yiri ka ọ gafere ókèala asụsụ dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị agbata obi Papuan na Buru, yana asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Moluca. Nke [4] gosipụtara site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na "ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi mmekọrịta ogologo oge na nke sara mbara n'etiti ndị Austronesians na ndị na-abụghị ndị Austronesian na Halmahera na ndị Moluccas".[4]:: 375 N'ihi ya, Klamer kwubiri na ọ bụ "ihe ezi uche dị na ya iji nyochaa ... mgbagha ikpeazụ na ... Buru ... dị ka nwere mmalite [na-abụghị nke Austronesian (ya bụ Papuan) ] nke enwere ihe akaebe akụkọ ihe mere eme na asụsụ".: 376 Àtụ:InterlinearÀtụ:InterlinearÀtụ:Interlinearsa ike ijikọta ihe deictic sa na moo (ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu) iji pụta 'ihe ọ bụla, ọ dịghị (ọ dịghị), ọ dịghị onye ọ bụla'. Sa nwere njikọ na quantifier sia ('ụfọdụ'), na, n'ihi ya, a na-akọwapụta ihe ndị metụtara sa ... moo dị ka 'sia otu'. Ebe onye sa-ekwu okwu na-etinye ihe a sa na-egosi oke nke mgbagha, ebe ihe na-adịghị mma, dị ka iwu maka Buru, na-anọgide na-abụ ahịrịokwu ikpeazụ. A na-anọchite anya Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na onye ọ bụla na ihe ọ bụla na Buru dị ka ii sa ('otu ihe') na geba sa ('otu onye') n'otu. [3]
Deictics dị ka ihe nnọchianya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Deictics nwere ike dochie anya ihe ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye nke preposition, dịka ha nwere ike ime maka arụmụka NPs. Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ a, a na-eche na njirimara nke onye na-ezo aka bụ anaphorically retrievable ma ọ bụ uncontroverially known. :173.Àtụ:Interlinear
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
banyere ihe a na-ekwu, ebe ma ọ bụ onye ha nụrụ ya, ma ọ bụ ikpe ndị yiri ya. A na-egosipụta nke a na ahịrịokwu na ọbụna ọkwa ahịrịokwu site na enyemaka, akụkụ nke usoro TAM (Tense-aspect-mood), mkpado, na ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ. Grimes kew ihe ndị a dị ka "ndị dị n'èzí na ahịrịokwu kwesịrị ekwesị". [1]:: 232 Nke a na-agụnye nyocha nke eziokwu nke ihe a na-ekwu, nke akara moo, isi
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Buru at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ Grimes (2006). "Knowing Your Place: Representing relations of precedence and origin on the Buru landscape", in Fox: The Poetic Power of Place: Comparative Perspectives on Austronesian Ideas of Locality. Canberra: ANU Press. DOI:10.22459/PPP.09.2006. ISBN 9781920942861.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Àtụ:Cite thesis
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 (2002) "Typical Features of Austronesian Languages in Central/Eastern Indonesia". Oceanic Linguistics 41 (2). DOI:10.1353/ol.2002.0007.
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<ref> tag with name "Bible" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Grimes, Barbara Dix (1994). "Halmahera and beyond", in Visser, L.E.: Buru inside out.