Asụsụ Dani

language family, asụsụ
obere ụdị nke	West Trans–New Guinea
mba/obodo	Indonesia
ụmụ amaala ka	Papua, Mamberamo Raya

Asụsụ Dani ma ọ bụ Baliem Valley bụ ezinụlọ nke Asụsụ Trans-New Guinea ndị Dani na ndị yiri ya na-asụ na Baliem Valley na Highland Papua, Indonesia. Foley (2003) na-ewere ọnọdụ asụsụ Trans-New Guinea ha ka e guzobe. Ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Paniai, mana nke a edoghị anya. Capell (1962) ^[1] kwuru na ndị ikwu ha kacha nso bụ Asụsụ Kwerba, nke Ross (2005) jụrụ.

Asụsụ

Larson (1977) ^[2] kewara ezinụlọ ahụ n'ime alaka atọ dabere na lexicostatistics, e mesịkwara tinye Nggem dị ka nke anọ. Asụsụ Ngalik enweghị ihe akaebe siri ike.

Ezinụlọ Dani
- Wano
- Nggem
- Central Dani: Grand Valley Dani (elu, ala, na etiti), Hupla, Western Dani-Walak
- Ngalik: Nduga, Silimo, Yali (ìgwè asụsụ)

^[3] (2020) na-eweghachi ndepụta ụdaume dị ka ndị a: Nke a yiri nke nrụzigharị nke Bromley (1966-1967) ^[4] ma e wezụga ịgbakwunye ụdaume ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe *pw, *mbw, na ụdaume ọzọ *ɐ.

Mkpụrụ okwu
		Akpụkpọ ahụ		Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Ụgbọ imi		*m		*n
Kwụsị	Enweghị olu	*p	*pw	*t		*k	*kw
	Tupu a mụọ ya	*mb	*mbw	*nd		* Mmetụta	*ŋgw
	Implosive	*bi		*ɗ
Ihe atụ		*w		*l	*j

Mkpụrụedemede
	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ	*i		*u
Ihe dị nso	*ɪ		*ʊ
N'etiti	*e	[*ɐ]	*o
Emeghe		*a

Na diphthongs *ei, *ou, *ai, *au.

Aha nnọchiaha

Ross (1995) na-eweghachi nnọchiaha ndị nweere onwe ha na prefixes nke Central Dani dị ka:

Ntụnyere nke okwu

Okwu ndị na-esonụ sitere na Bromley (1967) ^[4] na Voorhoeve (1975), ^[5] dị ka e depụtara na nchekwa data Trans-New Guinea: ^[6]

ịma mma	Dani, Lower Grand Valley (asụsụ Hitigima)	Dani, Lower Grand Valley (Tangma dialect)	Dani, Lower Grand Valley	Dani, Mid Grand Valley	Dani, Upper Grand Valley	Dani, Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ^[7]	Walak	Silimo (Asụsụ Ndịda Ngalik)	Silimo	Yali, Angguruk	Yali, Ndagwurugwu
isi	mʊkkʊl-oak	mʊkkʊl-oak	nukul-oaq	nʊgʊl-oak	nanupah	aneb; anobak	nalupak	N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ya	nagʊl	nʊgʊl	hou
ntutu isi	Nisi	Nisi	Nisi	Nisi	Neeti	eeɾuwak; neti	Mmalite	nenasu	nke ya	notuk	hoŋ
ntị	nesakko	nesakko		nasuk	Nku [nařuk]	aɾuk	Nku [nařuk]		Neso	nɪsago
anya	Niko-ken	Niko-ken	Nico-eken	na-ejupụta	neneken	enegen; negen	nil	nələŋgen	nɪlegen	nɪl	Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
imi	Nchịkọta	namisaŋ		nakouwak-oak	nakapak	ogobak	nokopak		Ọrụ	nabijaŋ
ezé	Naịkụ	Naịkụ	Naịkụ	Naịkụ	nɪk	Neik	Naịkụ	N'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ihe	nɪak; olu	najek	ọ bụrụ na
ire	aha	Naịl		na∂i	namɪlɪ	amela	natði		nemake	nabilikagen
ụkwụ			Nesoq			iyok; owak					Yan saŋ
louse	Nkwụsị	Nkwụsị	Ụgbọ mmiri	Nkwụsị	Nkwụsị	Aṅụ	Nkwụsị		[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]	pɪ	am
nkịta	Jọk	Jọk	Ọ bụ ya	Ogwe osisi	Ọ bụ onye	N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla	Ọ bụ onye	yeŋge	Onye ndu	Onye ndu	kam
Ezì	wam	wam	wam	wam	wa:n	wam	wam	wam	wam	wam	Mkpụrụ osisi
nnụnụ	sʊe	sʊe	sue	tʊe	ị na-eme ihe	ịnyịnya ibu; ụmụ irighiri	ị na-eme ihe	N'ihi ya	sʊe	June	Ịnọ
àkwá	sʊe-kken	sʊe-kken	Sue-ken	tʊe-gen	tewe-gen	eko	tewe-gen	Ọmụmụ ihe	sʊe-egen	June-	winaŋ meriri
ọbara	mep	mep	mep	mep	mep	amiya; muya	mep		mep	gete; mep	mmalite
ọkpụkpụ	noak	noak	noaq	noak	nowakano	Owak	nowak		Nʊak	noak	yok
akpụkpọ ahụ	noat	nakap	naxap	noatðo	Mmanụ ala	agabelo	Ntinye aka		nakap	nakap	pok
ara	Neilak	Neilak		Niðak	Nelak	elak	neðak		nakamʊ	nak
osisi	o	na	na	o	Ọmụmụ ihe	ebe ahụ	o	bene	na	na
nwoke	ap	ap	ap		ap	ap		ap	ap	ap	Nymnya
nwanyị	ya; hɪmɪ	ya; hʊmɪ		ya	kwe		kwe		kwamɪ	keap
Eluigwe						mbogut
anyanwụ	mo	mo	mo	mʊlɪgɪ	mo	onegen; yawo	Mo; o-il		mo	mo	hin
ọnwa	Ọkwọ ụgbọala	Ọkwọ ụgbọala		tʊt	tʊt	tut	tʊt		Ihe onwunwe	Bikkalem
mmiri	i	i	i	i	ji	nke m; níu; nke m		i; bụ	ik	ik	tin
ọkụ	hettouk	ettu	etu	[hɪʊ]	ɪd [ʊɪndʊ]	endo; kani	Ebe a na-aga	enduk	odʊk	idok	uk
nkume	helep	helep	helep	helegit [helekit]	jʊkum	yugum; yukum	git [ŋgit]	Kịlịp	Kep	Kep	kirik
okporo ụzọ, ụzọ	ke; kwe	kwe		holak-aðem	tuwan		tuwan		epela	pʊgalem
aha	ettake	ettake	oge ochie	edaka [etaga]	edaka [Gena]	oghere; oghere	edaka		onuk	unuk	Nymnya
Iri nri					namen	namen!; ne-; nengge		Nənəm-	emen	namɪn (ɪs ?)	(kwaniŋ) etiŋ
otu	makke-at; pakke-at	oppakke-at	opake-at	bagɪ-at	Abɪ	Uwe elu; ihe mgbaru ọsọ	omagi-at	ambui	mesik	mɪsɪk	Ime ihe n'ụzọ dị mfe
abụọ	mpempe akwụkwọ; pɪte	peeji nke:ie	Nna	bete [peře]	bete [mbeře]	Ber; mbeɾe	Bete	Nna	ịta ya	ịta ya	phenep

Ọdịdị

Mmetụta Dani nke proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma bụ: ^[8]

Asụsụ Grand Valley Dani:

Templeeti:Transl 'man' < Templeeti:Transl
Templeeti:Transl 'tongue' < Templeeti:Transl
Templeeti:Transl 'hair' < Templeeti:Transl (Templeeti:Transl is 1sg possessor)
Templeeti:Transl 'come' < Templeeti:Transl
Templeeti:Transl 'new' < Templeeti:Transl

Asụsụ Western Dani:

ap 'nwoke' < *ambi
(n) (n) ti < *iti[C]
meli 'asụsụ' < *me (l,n) e*m (l,n) na
nweta 'ihe ọhụrụ' < *kVndak
Okpu 'ụkwụ' < *k (a,o) gi[V]*k (a,o) ọdịda[V]
kat (lo) 'akpụkpọ ahụ' < * (ŋg,k) a (nd,t) apu
idu 'osisi' < *inda

Asụsụ Ngalik:

idu (k) etu 'osisi' < *inda
(nak) amu 'obi' < *amu
tokon 'jupụtara' < *tVkV[ti]
kopu 'smoke' < *kambu

Edensibia

aga, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ abịala n'echiche na Meroitic oge ochie nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọtụtụ asụsụ a ka na-asụ taa. Dị ka onye France na-amụ banyere ihe ochie

↑ Capell (1962). Linguistic Survey of the South-Western Pacific, New and revised, South Pacific Commission Technical Paper, Noumea: South Pacific Commission.
↑ Larson (1977). "Reclassification of Some Irian Jaya Highlands Language Families: A Lexicostatical Cross-Family Subclassification with Historical Implications". Irian VI (2): 3–40.
↑ Usher. Balim Valley. New Guinea World. Archived from the original on 2020-10-16.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Bromley (June 1967). "The Linguistic Relationships of Grand Valley Dani: A Lexico-statistical Classification". Oceania 37 (4): 286–305. DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1967.tb00912.x. Bromley, Myron H. (June 1967). "The Linguistic Relationships of Grand Valley Dani: A Lexico-statistical Classification". Oceania. 37 (4): 286–305. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1967.tb00912.x. JSTOR 40329608. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bromley-1967" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Voorhoeve (2015). Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. Pacific Linguistics. DOI:10.15144/PL-B31. ISBN 978-0-85883-128-5.
↑ Greenhill (2016). TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea. Retrieved on 2020-11-05.
↑ Clouse (1997). "Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya", in Karl Franklin: Papers in Papuan linguistics no. 2. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 133–236. ISBN 0858834421.
↑ Pawley (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Templeeti:West Trans–New Guinea languages Templeeti:Trans–New Guinea languages Templeeti:Papuan languages

[1] Capell (1962). Linguistic Survey of the South-Western Pacific, New and revised, South Pacific Commission Technical Paper, Noumea: South Pacific Commission.

[2] Larson (1977). "Reclassification of Some Irian Jaya Highlands Language Families: A Lexicostatical Cross-Family Subclassification with Historical Implications". Irian VI (2): 3–40.

[ngw-3] Usher. Balim Valley. New Guinea World. Archived from the original on 2020-10-16.

[Bromley-1967-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Bromley (June 1967). "The Linguistic Relationships of Grand Valley Dani: A Lexico-statistical Classification". Oceania 37 (4): 286–305. DOI:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1967.tb00912.x. Bromley, Myron H. (June 1967). "The Linguistic Relationships of Grand Valley Dani: A Lexico-statistical Classification". Oceania. 37 (4): 286–305. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1967.tb00912.x. JSTOR 40329608. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Bromley-1967" defined multiple times with different content

[5] Voorhoeve (2015). Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. Pacific Linguistics. DOI:10.15144/PL-B31. ISBN 978-0-85883-128-5.

[6] Greenhill (2016). TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea. Retrieved on 2020-11-05.

[Clouse-LakesPlain-7] Clouse (1997). "Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya", in Karl Franklin: Papers in Papuan linguistics no. 2. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 133–236. ISBN 0858834421.

[Pawley-TNG-8] Pawley (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

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