Asụsụ Drehu
| obere ụdị nke | New Caledonian  |
|---|---|
| Akụkụ nke | regional languages of France |
| mba/obodo | France |
| òtù na-achịkwa asụsụ | Kanak Language Academy |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 4 Educational |
Drehu ([ɖehu]; makwaara dị kaDehu, Lifou, Lifu, qene drehu) bụ asụsụ Austronesia a na-asụkarị na Lifou Island, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. Ọ nwere ihe dị ka 12,000 na-aga nke ọma ndị na-asụ asụsụ na ọnọdụ asụsụ mpaghara French. Ọkwa a pụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike were ya dị ka isiokwu nhọrọ maka baccalauréat na New Caledonia n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ na ala French. Akuzikwara ya na Institut national des langues et civilizations orientale (INALCO) na Paris kemgbe 1973 na na Mahadum New Caledonia[1] kemgbe 2000. Dị ka asụsụ Kanak ndị ọzọ, Académie des langues kanak na-achịkwa Drehu, nke hiwere na 2007.
A na-eji ndekọ dị iche iche nke Drehu, nke a maara dị ka qene miny, na-agwa ndị isi (joxu) okwu. [2] bụ mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ asụsụ Drehu maara qene miny taa.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i iː | u uː | |
| N'etiti | na eː | ø øː | o oː |
| Emeghe | æ æː | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ka a ghara inwe ihe ọ bụlaỌ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbe a na-akọwa ya |
[ɛ] na-anụ /e/ dị ka [ɛ] n'ihu imi.
/ø/ nwere ike ịbụ [e] mgbe ụfọdụ tupu imi.
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Bilabial | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveopalatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | enweghị olu | na-eme | na-adị | ɲ nke | ŋ̊ | |||
| kwuru okwu | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Na-akwụsị andaffricates ndị Afrịka |
enweghị olu | p | t | Ọdịdị | t͡ʃ | k | ||
| kwuru okwu | b[lower-alpha 1] | d | Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a ga-eji | d͡ʒ[lower-alpha 1] | ɡọ | |||
| Ihe na-egbu egbu | enweghị olu | f | θ | s | x | h | ||
| kwuru okwu | v[lower-alpha 1] | ð | z | |||||
| Ihe ndị na-eru nso | enweghị olu | Ọdịdị | Ọ bụ n'afọ ndị ahụ ka a na-akpọ | |||||
| kwuru okwu | w | l | ||||||
Usoro ide ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ndị Polynesia [3] na ndị ozi ala ọzọ Bekee nke London Missionary Society dere Drehu na edemede Latin n'oge afọ 1840, site n'enyemaka nke ụmụ amaala. E bipụtara Bible mbụ zuru ezu na 1890. Usoro ederede Bible emeghị ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ezé (e dere "d", "t") na ụdaume alveolar / retroflex ("dr" na "tr") dị iche iche, nke e dere ogologo oge "d" na "t". Na Drehu /θ/ na /ð/ abụghị ụdaume ezé kama ọ bụ ụdaume ezì. E mepụtara usoro edemede ọhụrụ n'afọ ndị 1970.
| Nkwekọrịta grapheme na foneme | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ihe osise | a | aa | b | c | d | dj | dr | na | ee | ë | Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ihe nkiri | f | g | h | hl | hm | hn | hng | hny | i | nke abụọ | j | k | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phoneme | /ɑ/ | /ɑː/ | /b/ | /c/ | /d̪/ | /ɟ/ | /d/ | /e/ | /eː/ | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /f/ | /g/ | /h/ | /l̥/ | /m̥/ | /n̥/ | /ŋ̊/ | /ɲ̊/ | /i/ | /iː/ | /ð/ | /k/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ihe osise | l | m | n | ng | ny | o | oo | ö | N'oge ochie | p | q | r | s | sh | t | th | tr | u | uu | v | w | x | z | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phoneme | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /ɲ/ | /o/ | /oː/ | /ʌ/ | /ʌː/ | /p/ | /w̥/ | /r/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /t/ | /u/ | /uː/ | /v/ | /w/ | /x/ | /z/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Aha nnọchiaha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Otu
- Eni/ni: M,
- Eö/ö: gị
- Nyipë/nyipëti: gị (ụdị nkwanye ùgwù nke ịgakwuru onye isi (joxu) ma ọ bụ nwoke meworo okenye)
- Nyipo/nyipot (i) : gị (ụdị nkwanye ùgwù nke ịgakwuru nwanyị meworo okenye)
- Angeic (e): ya, ya, ya
- Nyidrë/nyidrët (i) : ya, ya (ụdị nkwanye ùgwù nke ịkpọtụrụ onye isi (joxu) ma ọ bụ nwoke meworo okenye)
- Nyidro/nyidrot (i) : gị (ụdị nkwanye ùgwù nke ịgakwuru nwanyị meworo agadi)
- Ej (e): ọ
Abụọ
- Eaho/ho: anyị abụọ (naanị)
- Easho/sho (easo/so) : anyị abụọ (gụnyere)
- Epon (i) /pon (i): unu abụọ
- Eahlo: ha abụọ
- Lue ej (e): ha abụọ maka ihe na anụmanụ
Ọtụtụ
- Eahun (i) /hun (i) : anyị, anyị (naanị)
- Eashë/shë, easë/së: anyị niile, anyị niile (gụnyere)
- Epun (i) /pun (i): gị
- Angaatr (e): ha, ha
- Ọ bụ ihe atụ (e): ha, ha (maka ihe na anụmanụ)
Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Archived copy. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved on 2005-12-31.
- ↑ As Maurice Leenhardt did ("Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mélanésie" (1946), the Académie considers qene miny not only as a respective register but also a distinct language
- ↑ Most were from the Cook Islands.
Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- (1882) Notes Grammaticales sur la langue de Lifu (Loyaltys) (in fr).
- Ray (Jul–Dec 1917). "The People and Language of Lifu, Loyalty Islands". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 47: 239–322. DOI:10.2307/2843343.
- Walsh (1967). Dehu Grammar. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- (n'asụsụ French) Drehu, asụsụ Lifou (Iles Loyauté): phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe.
- (n'asụsụ French) Maurice Lenormand, Dictionnaire de la langue de Lifou. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
- Tryon, Darrell T. Dehu-English dictionary. C-6, vi + 142 peeji. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967. doi:10.15144/PL-C6
- Tryon, Darrell T. English-Dehu dictionary. C-7, iv + 165 peeji. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1967. doi:10.15144/PL-C7
- Tryon, Darrell T. Dehu ụtọ asụsụ. B-7, xii + 122 peeji. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. doi:10.15144/PL-B7
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Gụọ ma gee ntị na akụkọ ọdịnala na Drehu, na nsụgharị asụsụ atọ Archived Wayback Machine (homepage nke French CNRS-Lacito).
- Database nke ndekọ ọdịyo na Drehu (Lifu) - ekpere ndị Katọlik bụ isi
Àtụ:Languages of New CaledoniaÀtụ:Southern Oceanic languagesa pụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike were ya dị ka isiokwu nhọrọ maka baccalauréat na New Caledonia n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ na ala French. Akuzikwara ya na Institut national des langues et civilÀtụ:Austronesian languages