Asụsụ Esselen

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Esselen bụ asụsụ nke Esselen (ma ọ bụ Huelel) Nation, nke bi na ugwu Central Coast nke California, ozugbo n'ebe ndịda Monterey (Shaul 1995). O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, ọ bụ ezie na etinyela ya dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ Hokan.

Aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  Aha Esselen sitere na aha obodo. Ndị Esselen kpọrọ asụsụ nke ha Huelel. Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta dere aha ahụ na Mee 18, 1832 na Soledad Mission site n'aka onye na-enye ya Eusebio (aha obodo Sutasis) (cf. villel 'asụsụ' dị ka Dionisio Alcalá Galiano dere) (Shaul 1995).

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Onye France na-eme nchọpụta Lapérouse, onye gara Monterey na 1786, kọrọ, sị: [1]   Esselen nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ Californian izizi kpochapụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị mbụ tọghatara kwuru ya na Mission Carmel, ojiji ya dara ngwa ngwa n'oge oge Hispanic. E chekwabere obere ozi gbasara okwu na ụtọ asụsụ Esselen. Ihe dị ka okwu na nkebiokwu 350 na ahịrịokwu ole na ole zuru ezu ka echekwara na akwụkwọ [1] gụnyere katkizim dị mkpirikpi n'asụsụ abụọ (maka nchịkọta lee Mithun 1999:411-413 na Golla 2011:114). Ka ọ na-erule mmalite narị afọ nke 20, naanị data gbasara Esselen nke ndị nyocha dịka Kroeber na Harrington nwere ike ịnakọta bụ okwu ole na ole ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị n'ógbè ahụ chetara.   [citation needed]

Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Asụsụ Esselen bụ nke agbụrụ ise dị n'ógbè ahụ na-asụ. Nke [2] bụla n'ime agbụrụ ise dị n'ógbè ahụ na-asụ asụsụ dị iche.   Mpaghara Esselen ọ bụla nwere agbụrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ nwere agbụrụ nna ha. Ndị otu ag[2] ahụ bụ ndị exogamous, na-alụ ndị otu agbụrụ ndị ọzọ mana n'ime agbụrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ.

A na-enyocha ebo Esselen dị na mpaghara na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ ha na Milliken (1990: 59).[3]

Breschini na Haversat (1994: 82-88) na-enye ọnụ ọgụgụ obodo na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na nke ọ bụla n'ime ebo Esselen ise. A na-agbakọ atụmatụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ site n'ịba ụba nke obodo site na 30 ma ọ bụ 40 (ya bụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a na-eche na ndị mmadụ n'otu obodo).. [4]

Mpaghara Obodo nta Ndị bi na ya (nke mmadụ 30 n'otu obodo)
Ndị bi na ya (nke mmadụ 40 n'otu obodo)
Ịdị Mma 4 120 160
Eslen/Eslenajan 7 210 280
Aspaniajan 2 60 80
Imunajan 5 150 200
Ecgeajan 6 180 240
Ngụkọta 24 600 960

Ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ụdaolu na okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nkwekọrịta ụda n'etiti asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ na nke ọwụwa anyanwụ: [2]

Nkwekọrịta ụda n'asụsụ Esselen
Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
č ~ ts ṭ
na a
š s
Ihe atụ nke Western č ~ ts: Eastern ṭ
Nkọwa Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
nwoke exe-noč exe-noṭ
nna aya ~ a'ay m-a'aṭ
ụwa Matta maṭa
anyị leč leṭ
gị (pl.) *Nomeč aha
ha lač laṭ
ọ gwụchara *amomuč amo-muṭ
zuru oke -mutsu ~ -musu -muṭ
Ihe atụ nke Western e: Eastern a
Nkọwa Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
gị (sg.) N'ihi ya, aha
gị (sg.) nemi-š- nami-s-
gị (pl.) N'ihi na ọ bụghị aha-
Ihe atụ nke Western š: Eastern s
Nkọwa Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
Nwa m nwanyị ni-š-ta ni-s-ta
anyanwụ aši ya mere
Ogwu ogwu Chuši n'ihi ya
nwa agbọghọ Shileta soleta-sis
akara na-arụ ọrụ -piši -pisi

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mkpụrụ okwu
Akpụkpọ ahụ Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Mkpịsị aka
Plosive p t Ọdịdị k ʔ
Africate ts kx
Ihe na-esiri ike s ʃ x h
Ụgbọ imi m n
Rhotic r
Ihe atụ w l j

[5]/p/ nwere allophones nke [f] na [pf]. /t/ nwere allophone nke [tʃ].

Mkpụrụedemede
N'ihu Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ i u
N'etiti etiti na o
Emeghe a

Nchịkọta okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akwụkwọ Nsọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

[5] (1995) weghachiri okwu Esselen, nke sitere na isi mmalite akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche iche, dị ka ndị a. Ụdị sitere na [./Alfred_L._<i id= Kr" id="mwAbs" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alfred L. Kroeber">Alfred L. Kroeber] nwere akara (Kr).

ịma mma Esselen
okenye -nVč
niile komVnam
akụ́ Lotus
bear koltála
ụta paxu-nax
nwa nwoke pana
ákwá siawa
ịgba egwú mepV, mef-
ọchịchịrị Nnukwu nnwere onwe
ụbọchị asátsa
nwụọ ebu
nkịta Na-eto eto
ihe ọṅụṅụ Ọ bụ, ọ bụ
ntị tus-usp (Kr)
ụwa maṭa, matsa
anya -ikxpa
nna hay
nwanyị ta-
ụkwụ kxéle
enyi -mgbe ahụ
nwa agbọghọ soleta
nye Toxesa
ezi ihe/olulu ire ere-
nna meči
squirrel n'ala mexe
ntutu isi haka
isi kxáta-sVx
obosara putú-ki; yakí-s-ki
nwoke exe-
nne Atzịa
ugwu polom
ọdụm ugwu xeke-s
ọnụ iši
ntú uluxV
abalị Tomani-s
imi xoši
onye mmetụta
pinọ amúxe
ala dị larịị Yaala-x
igurube kumul (Kr)
ewi Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-eme ka ọ dị mma
salmon kilí-
akara opopa-pas
Eluigwe imi-
obere ukxu-s-ki
kwuo okwu al-pa
anyanwụ aši
ezé awur
mmiri asa-nax
ebe Keya-
onye kinni
nwamba ọhịa toloma
osisi i'i
ee igwu egwu

Ọnụ ọgụgụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

ịma mma Esselen
otu pek
abụọ kxulax
atọ kxulep
anọ kxamakxu-s
ise pemakxa-la
isii pek-walanai
asaa kxula-walanai
asatọ kxulef-walanai
iri were ya

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 DCQ Fall Equinox 1999 -- The Caves Ranch. www.ventanawild.org. Retrieved on 23 April 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shaul (2019). Esselen studies: language, culture, and prehistory. Lincom Europa. ISBN 978-3-86288-986-0. OCLC 1132875180. 
  3. ↑ Millikan, Randal. 1990. Ethnography and Ethnohistory of the Big Sur District, California State Park System, During the 1770-1780 Time Period. Submitted to Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.
  4. ↑ Breschini, Gary and Trudy Haversat. 1994. An Overview of the Esselen Indians of Central Monterey County, California. Salinas, CA: Coyote Press.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shaul, David L. 1995. "The Huelel (Esselen) Language." International Journal of American Linguistics 61:191-239.

Akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Golla, Victor 2011. Asụsụ ndị India nke California. Mahadum nke California Press.
  • Mithun, Marianne 1999. Asụsụ nke ụmụ amaala North America. Cambridge University Press.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "The Huelel (Esselen) Language". International Journal of American Linguistics 61:191-239.

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asụsụ_Esselen&oldid=152976