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Asụsụ Herero

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Herero
Otjiherero
Spoken in: Namibia, Botswana, Angola 
Region: Kunene, Omaheke Region and Otjozondjupa Region in Namibia; Ghanzi in Botswana; Namibe, Huíla and Cunene in Angola
Total speakers: Àtụ:Sigfig
Language family: Nnijer–Kongo
 Atlantic–Congo
  Volta-Congo
   Benue–Congo
    Bantoid
     Southern Bantoid
      Bantu
       Kavango – Southwest Bantu
        Southwest Bantu
         Herero (R.30)
          HereroÀtụ:Infobox Language/script
Language codes
ISO 639-1: hz
ISO 639-2: her
ISO 639-3: her 
Distribution of Otjiherero in Namibia.png

Àtụ:Infobox Language/IPA

Onye na-ekwu okwu Herero, nke edere na Namibia.

Herero (Otjiherero) bụ Asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Herero Ndị Mbanderu na Namibia na Botswana na-asụ, yana obere obodo ndị dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Angola. nwere ndị ọkà okwu 250,000 na mba ndị a n'etiti afọ 2015 na 2018.

Mgbasa asụsụ ya na-ekpuchi mpaghara a na-akpọ Hereroland, nke mejupụtara mpaghara Omaheke tinyere mpaghara Otjozondjupa na Kunene. Ndị Himba, ndị nwere njikọ na Herero na Mbanderu, na-asụ olumba dị nso na Otjiherero. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Herero bi na Windhoek, isi obodo Namibia.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụ okwu

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Akpụkpọ ahụ Ezé ezé Alveolar Palatal Velar Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi m n ɲ
Plosive/Africate
ala dị larịị p t k
Nri mb nd̪ nd ndʒ ŋɡ
Ihe na-esiri ike enweghị olu (f) θ (s) h
kwuru okwu v ð
Ihe na-atọ ụtọ r
Ihe atụ w (l) j

[1] na-ahụ ụda /f s l/ na okwu ndị a gbazitere.

Mkpụrụedemede

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N'ihu Central Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ i iː  u uː 
N'etiti ɛ ɛː  Ọ bụ n'afọ ka a na-akpọ ɔː 
Emeghe Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-eme ka a ghara inwe ihe ọ bụla Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbe a na-akọwa ya

Ihe odide

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N'ihi nsụgharị nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Gottlieb Viehe (1839-1901) nke Bible n'ime Herero, na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19, e depụtaghachiri asụsụ a na-asụ na mkpụrụedemede dabere na mkpụrụedemhe Latin. Nna Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836-1904) sụgharịrị ọtụtụ ọrụ na abụ nkà mmụta okpukpe.

Orthography

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  • a - [ɑ]
  • b - [b]
  • d - [d]
  • ḓ - [d̪]
  • e - [ɛ]
  • f - [f]
  • g - [g]
  • h - [h]
  • m - [i]
  • j - [j]
  • k - [k]
  • l - [l]
  • m - [m]
  • mb - [mb]
  • mw - [mw]
  • n - [n]
  • ndj - [ndʒ]
  • ng - [ŋɡ]
  • ngw - [ŋɡw]
  • nj - [ɲ]
  • ṋ - [n̪]
  • o - [ọ]
  • p - [p]
  • r - [r]
  • s - [s]
  • t - [t]
  • t - [t͡ʃ]
  • ṱ - [t̪]
  • u - [u/w]
  • v - [v]
  • w - [w]
  • y - [j]
  • z - [z][2]

A na-agbakọta ụdaume ogologo okpukpu abụọ.

a na-eji f na l eme ihe naanị n'okwu ndị a gbazitere.

Asụsụ

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A na-akụzi Otjiherero n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Namibia ma dị ka asụsụ ala ma dị kaasụsụ nke abụọ. A gụnyere ya dị ka isi ihe na Mahadum nke Namibia. Otjiherero bụkwa otu n'ime asụsụ isii ndị pere mpe nke Redio Mba Namibia (NBC) na-eji. Gamsberg Macmillan, dị ka nke afọ 2008, bipụtara naanị akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na Otjiherero.

Ụdị dị iche iche

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A na-ewere ụdị Hakaona ugbu a dị ka asụsụ Bantu dị iche, dịka mgbe ụfọdụ bụ Zemba (Otjizemba). Maho (200) wepụkwara Kuvale na Mpaghara Bantu R.10, mgbe ọ na-ekewa North-West Herero (Kaokoland Herero, gụnyere Zemba na ikekwe Himba na Hakaona), R.311, na Botswana Herero (gụnyere Mahalapye Herero), R.-312, dị ka ihe dị iche na Herero n'onwe ya. N'ime Herero n'onwe ya, ọ ghọtara asụsụ abụọ: Central Herero na Mbandero (East Herero).

A na-ahụ Northwest / Zemba n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ókèala Namibia na Angola. Central Herero na-ekpuchi nnukwu mpaghara dị n'etiti Namibia, na East Herero na agwaetiti ole na ole n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mana ọ ka dị na Namibia. Botswa Herero nwere agwaetiti ole na ole gbasasịrị na Botswana, nke nwere ihe dịka 15% nke ndị bi na Herero n'onwe ya.

Ethnologue kewara Zimba dị ka asụsụ dị iche mana ọ na-ejigide Himba, East Herero, na Botswana Herero n'ime asụsụ Herero. Otú dị, ọ naghịzi anabata Kuvale dị ka olumba kama dị ka asụsụ dị iche.

Ebe e si nweta ya

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Wörterbuch und kurzgefasste Grammatik des Otji-Herero. Leipzig (reprint 1964 Ridgwood, NJ: The Gregg Press).
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Hereró. Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ntụgharị mpaghara na Otjiherero: karịa na ọdịiche morpho-syntactic na Bantu. " Na: Laura Downing, Lutz Marten & Sabine Zerbian (ed.), Papers in Bantu Grammar, ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43, 97 - 122.
  • Marten, Lutz & Nancy C. Kula (2007). "Morphosyntactic co-variation in Bantu: abụọ case studies. " SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics 15.227-238.
  • Möhlig, Wilhelm, Lutz Marten & Jekura U. Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch nke Herero (Otjiherero). Köln: Köppe (Grammatische Analysen afrikanischer Sprachen; v.19).

Edensibia

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re mpaghara Otjozondjupa na Kunene. Ndị Himba, ndị nwere njikọ na Herero na Mbanderu, na-asụ olumba dị nso na Otjiherero. Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Herero bi na Windhoek, isi obodo Namibia.

  1. Möhlig, Marten, Kavari (2002). A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero). Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 
  2. Herero alphabet, pronunciation, and language. Omniglot. Retrieved on 31 August 2021.

Àtụ:Languages of BotswanaÀtụ:Narrow Bantu languages