Asụsụ Khoe-Kwadi
| obere ụdị nke | Khoisan  |
|---|
Asụsụ Khoe-Kwadi bụ ezinụlọ nke asụsụ Khoe nke ndịda Afrịka na Asụsụ Kwadi nke Angola. Tom Güldemann, Edward Elderkin, na Anne-Maria Fehn arụpụtala mmekọrịta ahụ.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A rụgharịrị nnọchiaha na ụfọdụ okwu ndị bụ isi dị ka ihe a na-ahụkarị na Khoe na Kwadi. N'ihi na Kwadi enweghị ihe akaebe, ọ na-esiri ike ikwu okwu ndị a na-ahụkarị na nke nwere ike ịbụ mgbazinye ego, mana a chọpụtala ihe dị ka 50 lexical correspondences na a nkịtị verb construction. A ka na-enyocha ihe odide Westphal na Kwadi ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, na-enwe olileanya na enwere ike ịchọpụta ihe ndị ọzọ yiri ya.
Güldemann (na-abịa n'ihu) na-akọ usoro nnọchiaha ndị a, nke dị obere / gbasaa:
| Onye | Nke kacha nta (sg/dual PN) |
Mmụba (pl PN) |
|---|---|---|
| 1inclure | *mu | ? |
| 1sg | *ti~ta (allomorphs) |
? |
| 2 | *sa | *o ma ọ bụ *u |
| 3mask | *isi- (?) -E | *isi- (?) -u |
| 3fem | * isi- (s) E | *isi- (?) -E |
ebe "E" bụ ụdaume ihu a na-amaghị ama na ntọala nnọchiaha bụ deictic dị ka *xa ma ọ bụ aha dị ka *kho 'onye'. A na-ejikwa nsonaazụ nke onye nke atọ mee ihe na aha, nke na mgbakwunye nwere nsonaazụ abụọ *-da.
Ma asụsụ Kwadi na asụsụ Khoe nwere ngwaa ebe ngwaa mbụ, nke na-adabere na ya nwere akara *- (a) Ra na nke na-esonụ, ngwaa na-enweghị akara.
Onye ikwu kacha nso nke Khoe-Kwadi nwere ike ịbụ Sandawe; usoro nnọchiaha Sandawe yiri nke Kwadi-Khoe, mana enweghị njikọ zuru ezu maka nkwekọrịta ụda mgbe niile iji rụọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, mmekọrịta ahụ nwere ụfọdụ uru amụma, dịka ọmụmaatụ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eburu mgbochi ụdaume azụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'asụsụ Khoe ma ọ bụghị na Sandawe, n'uche.
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]correspondences na a nkịtị verb construction. A ka na-enyocha ihe odide Westphal na Kwadi ka ọ na
- Güldemann (2010). "On External Genealogical Relationships of the Khoe Family", in Brenzinger: Khoisan Languages and Linguistics: the Riezlern Symposium 2003, Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-864-3.
- Güldemann (2014). A Kwadi perspective on Khoe verb-juncture constructions. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.
- Güldemann (2014). Person-gender-number marking from Proto-Khoe-Kwadi to its descendents: a rejoinder with particular reference to language contact. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Baucom (1974). "Proto-Central-Khoisan", in Voeltz: Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on African linguistics, 7-8 April 1972. Bloomington: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, 3–37. ISBN 0877501815.