Asụsụ Kilmeri
| Kilmeri | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Papua New Guinea | |
| Region: | Sandaun Province | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Border Bewani Range Poal River Kilmeri | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | kih | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Kilmeri, ma ọ bụ bo apulyo bụ PapuaAsụsụ Papua nke Papua New Guinea dị nso n'ókè ya na Papua Indonesia. Ụmụaka anaghị amụta ya.
A na-asụ Kilmeri gburugburu Ossima ward (2°54′59′′S 141°17′53′′E / 2.916313°S 141.298028°E / -2.916316; 141.294028 (Ossima)) na Bewani/Wutung Onei Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.[1]
Speakers of Kilmeri refer to their own language as bo apulyo, meaning sound in the middle.[2]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dialects are:[2]
- Asụsụ Western Kilmeri (nke a na-asụ n'obodo ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ)
- Elau
- Osol
- Kilipau
- Kiliwes
- Isi
- M
- Isi nke Abụọ
- Sosi
- Ilup
- Asụsụ Kilmeri nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (nke a na-asụ n'obodo nta na obodo nta ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ)
- Ossima
- Isi Daru
- Akos
- Awol
- Airu
- Asue
- Omoi
- Omula
Ìgwè [3] abụọ ahụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-eme atụmatụ nke 82% dabere na lexicostatistics.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kilmeri [2]-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdaume iri na asatọ, iri na abụọ n'ime ha bụ ụdaume.
| Bilabial | Ọmụmụ anụmanụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | a na-ekwupụta olu | b | d | Nkọwa | |||
| Enweghị olu | p | k | Nkọwa | ||||
| Akpụkpọ ụkwụ | (Nke a) | ||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | |||||
| Rhotic | na-eme | r | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | (β / ̆) | __ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ | s | ||||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||||
| Ihe atụ | Akụkọ banyere ya | j | |||||
Ụda ndị dị n'ime oghere bụ allophones nke bilabial trill. [β] nwere ike ịbụ intervocalical, [X] nwere ike bụrụ ụda ikpeazụ, na [X] enwere ike ịbụ mkpụrụedemede-mbido. Ụda ndị dị na ọkara brackets na-apụta nke ukwuu ma eleghị anya enwere ike ịkọwa ya na okwu mgbazinye. [2]
Kilmeri nwere ụdaume asatọ, ha niile dị mkpụmkpụ mgbe niile. [2]
| (N'akụkụ) Ihu | Central | (N'ebe dị nso) Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u | |
| Ihe dị nso n'elu | ɪ | Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ | |
| N'etiti | Ọ bụ | Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya | |
| (N'akụkụ) --dị ala | æ | a |
Mkpụrụedemede [2] nso na nke dị nso na-adịkarị obere. [4] mere, a kwenyere na Kilmeri nwere ụdaume asaa [2] ruo mgbe obere nhọrọ nke okwu, dị ka /bi/ (ezì) na /bI/ (oghere) gosipụtara ọdịiche doro anya n'etiti /i/ na /I/ .
Isi okwu bụ CV nwere mkpụrụedemede abụọ a na-ahọrọ. [2]
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta ụdaume na-asụgharị n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ime mkpụrụedemede Latin. Mkpụrụedemede dị ala na-eji ae na ụdaume dị elu na-eji diacritics. Ndị [2]-asụ asụsụ Kilmeri na-ahọrọ akara p maka trill bilabial, mana a họọrọ pp iji gosipụta ụdaume abụọ dị iche iche.
| Phoneme | Ihe osise |
|---|---|
| /b/ | b |
| /d/ | d |
| /k/ | k |
| /l/ | l |
| /m/ | m |
| /n/ | n |
| /p/ | p |
| [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] | peeji nke |
| /r/ | r |
| /s/ | s |
| /ʋ/ | w |
| /j/ | na |
| /a/ | a |
| /æ/ | ae |
| /ɛ/ | na |
| /i/ | i |
| /I/ | Àgwàetiti |
| /ɔ/ | o |
| /u/ | u |
| /ʊ/ | U |
Aha nnọchiaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kilmeri nwere nnọchiaha iri na otu na-enweghị ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị. [4]
| Otu | Abụọ | Ọtụtụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| INCL nke Mbụ | ko | dedukoyo | Ọ bụ n'ezie |
| Ihe Nlereanya nke Mbụ | Ọmụmụ ihe | uke | |
| Nke abụọ | nke | deyo | na-abụghị |
| Nke atọ | ki ~ ke | kiyo | iki |
Ụdị abụọ ahụ na-ejedebe na nsonaazụ locative -yo ma sitere na otu. [2] na-ejikarị ọnụọgụ abụọ dochie anya ọnụọgụgụ abụọ, ọkachasị na akụkọ akụkọ.
Ngwaa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ụdị ngwaa Kilmeri nwere ike igosipụta usoro dị mgbagwoju anya. Ihe atụ: [4]
A pụkwara itinye usoro okirikiri na ngwaa na Kilmeri.
Nkwekọrịta ọnụ ọgụgụ [4] Kilmeri bụ ihe na-enweghị isi kama ịbụ ebubo.
Na Kilmeri, ngwaa intransitive, yana ngwaa abụọ na-agafe agafe 'eri' na 'atụba ala', kwekọrọ na isiokwu dị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. Usoro a dịkwa na Amanab. Ngwaa ndị a bụ: [4]
Otú [4] dị, akara ọnụọgụ maka ngwaa na-agafe agafe, ma e wezụga maka 'eri' na 'atụba ala', na-ezo aka na ọnụọgụ nke ihe ahụ, karịa isiokwu ahụ.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup. Humanitarian Data Exchange.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Gerstner-Link (2018-09-24). A Grammar of Kilmeri (in en). De Gruyter Mouton. DOI:10.1515/9781501506765. ISBN 978-1-5015-0676-5. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Brown, Robert. 1981. A sociolinguistic survey of Pagi and Kilmeri. Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Languages 29. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197-432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Foley-Sepik" defined multiple times with different content
Templeeti:Languages of Papua New GuineaTempleeti:Border languages (New Guinea)