Asụsụ Kukuya

Kukuya
Kukuya
Southern Teke
A mụrụ ya	Republic nke Congo
Ógbè	Ngalaba Plateaux
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala	39,000 (2000)
Ezinụlọ asụsụ	Niger-Congo? Atlantic-Congo Benue-Congo Southern Bantoid Bantu (Mpaghara B) Teke (B.70) Kukuya; ; ; ; ; ;
Usoro ide ihe	edere ya
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3	kkw
Glottolog	teke1280
Koodu Guthrie	B.77a
	Isiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu IPA. Enweghị nkwado nsụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA.

Asụsụ Kukuya

asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nke	South Teke
mba/obodo	Republic of the Congo
ụmụ amaala ka	Plateaux Department
usoro ederede	Latin script
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue	6a Vigorous

Asụsụ Kukuya, Kikukuya, nke a na-akpọkwa Kuukaa ma mara dị ka Southern Teke, bụ onye otu asụsụ Teke nke ala dị larịị nke Congo. Ọ bụ naanị asụsụ a maara na ọ nwere ụda olu /ɱ/. Aha asụsụ ahụ sitere n'okwu kuya "ala dị larịị".

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mkpụrụedemede ise ahụ bụ /i e~ɛ a o~ɔ u/, nke nwere ike ịdị ogologo (ugboro abụọ) ma ọ bụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Usoro ụdaume ndị ọzọ anaghị eme. [y]/u/ na-aghọta dị ka [y] na gburugburu ebe obibi /ɲuni/ ([ɲyni]) nakwa n'ihu [j] ma ọ bụ onye ọzọ [y], dị ka aha Kukuya [kýkā].

Mkpụrụ okwu ndị na-esote ya
		Bilabial		Ezé egbugbere ọnụ<br id="mwNg">		Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi		m		ɱ		n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	Prenasalized	ᵐpʰ	ᵐb			ⁿtʰ	ⁿd		ᵑkʰ	ᵑɡ
Plosive	Ala Dị larịị	p	b			t	d		k~ɡ
Africate	Prenasalized			ᶬp̪fʰ	ᶬb̪v	ⁿtsʰ	ⁿdz
Africate	Ala Dị larịị			p̪f	b̪v	ts	dz
Ihe na-esiri ike				f		s	z~j				(h)
Ihe atụ						l			w

A na-achọ ụdaume na-enweghị olu. Dabere na [jà] na-ekwu okwu na mpaghara, ụda nke na-anọchite anya ya nwere ike ịbụ [j] ma ọ bụ [z], ma e wezụga okwu "na", nke bụ mgbe niile [jà]. A na-aghọta [ɱ] dị ka [ɱʷ] n'ihu /a/ na dị ka [ cabe] n'azụ /i/ na /e/; Paulian (1975) na-atụ aro na nke a bụ n'ihi esemokwu dị n'etiti labialization na ụdaume ihu gbasaa. Velar stop bụ [k] okwu na mbido ma na-abụkarị [ɡ] n'etiti ụdaume; enwere mgbanwe yiri nke ahụ na [t] na [ɾ]. /mpf/, /ɱʷ/, /n/ na karịsịa /d/ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe. /hé//h/ dị n'otu okwu a na-ahụkarị, /hé/ ('nakwa').

Usoro Cw dị ụkọ ma na-apụta naanị n'ihu ụdaume ndị a na-agbaghị agba gburugburu; ha gụnyere /tw/ [tɕɥ], /sw/ [ɕɥ], /ndzw/ [ndʒɥ], /jw/ [ʑɥ], /kw/ [kɥ] , /kw/ [kɥ]. (C enweghị ike ịbụ /f, l/.) Ọ nwere ike ikwe omume na ụda ndị a na-ahụkarị [pf, bv, ɱʷ] (nke na-apụta tupu /i a u, i e a u, m e a/, n'otu n'otu) bụ /pw, bw, mw/, mana Paulian (1975) na-arụ ụka megide nyocha a. [ɱʷ] kwekọrọ na [ŋ͡m ~ ŋʷ] n'asụsụ Teke ndị agbata obi. Usoro Cj dị ka /pj, kj/ dịkwa ụkọ (ọnọdụ iri na abụọ) ma na-apụta naanị tupu /a/. O nwere ike ịbụ na ụda ndị a na-ahụkarị [ts, dz, ɲ] bụ /tj, dj, nj/, mana anaghị egbochi ha ịgbaso ụdaume na Paulian (1975) na-arụ ụka megide nyocha a. N'usoro, Kukwa affricates sitere na nkwụsịtụ n'ihu ụdaume ma ọ bụ usoro ụdaume, na /pf/ sitere na *k kama *p. A naghị ahụ egbugbere ọnụ tupu /o/. /n/ anaghị egosi tupu /u/, na /ŋ/ anaghị ahụ na okwu ndị na-adịghị adị n'ihu /i, u/.

A na-edekarị africates pre-nasal mf, mv, ns, nz. Phonemic neutralization nwere ike ime mgbe consonants pre-nasalised:

N + /p, w/ → /mp/

N + /pf, f/ → /ɱp̪f/ ("mf")

N + /d, l/ → /nd/

N + /ts, s/ → /nts/ ("ns")

N + /dz, j/ → /ndz/ ("nz")

Mkpụrụ okwu bụ CV, na ụfọdụ CwV na CjV; mkpụrụ okwu mbido ụdaume anaghị apụta. Mgbọrọgwụ (na-agụnyeghị aha aha na ihe ndị yiri ya) bụ ụdị CV, CVV, CVCV, CVVCV, na CVCVCV. N'ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, a na-egbochi ụdaume dị n'etiti. Enwere naanị ụdaume isii ₃ n'etiti, /k [ɡ], t [ɾ], n, m, l, p [b]/, na njikọta isii nke C₂ dị n'akụkụ CVCVCV, /-n-m, -t-p, -t, -l-p, _l-k, ?/–n–m, –t–p, –t–k, –l–p, –l–k, ?/.

Paulian (1975) na-etinye ma ụda na nrụgide, na ụda dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla ka a na-enye ụda: enwere usoro ụda okwu ise n'asụsụ ahụ. Vowel nwere ike iburu ụdaolu abụọ iji mezuo nke a.

Ọnụ egbugbere ọnụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A kọọrọ ụda olu, /ɱ/, naanị site na otu asụsụ a. "na-esonyere mgbawa siri [ɱ] nke egbugbere ọnụ abụọ", ebe ọ bụ [ɱʷ] n'ihu /a/ na [ɱ] n'azụ /i/ na /e/, ikekwe n'ihi na ụdaume ndị gbasaa n'ihu na-egbochi egbugbere ma ọ bụ n'ihu ụdaume azụ. /ɱáá/ dị, enwere obi abụọ ụfọdụ na enwere ike ịkwụsị site na mmegharị ahụ a n'ihi oghere dị n'etiti incisors, nke ndị Teke na-etinye na isi ma ga-ekwe ka ikuku na-aga n'oge occlusion; [1] nke a dị mkpa karịsịa na-atụle na otu n'ime okwu ndị nwere ụdaume a, /ɱá /, pụtara 'oghere dị n"etiti incisores edepụtara. N'ihi ihe ndị a, Teke /ɱ/ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ngosi dị mma dị ka ihe na-eme ka imi dị nso ([ʋ̃] na IPA), karịa ihe na-ekpuchi imi.

N'iburu n'uche na ọ dị ụkọ, ọ bara uru inye obere abụọ na ụdaume ndị ọzọ:

Anya gị, mamịrị gị, obere oghere gị

Ọ̀ ga-emecha ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ, Ọ̀ ga na-achị ọchị

ɱé ha (klas 4), bvé ha (klas 8), fè bulb, mfê oyi

Òtù ị ga-enwe obi ụtọ, ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ga-enwe ụjọ

Ogologo oge dị n'etiti incisors, mbvaá

Nwa a ma ama, onye ga-ezute

Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

↑ Kukuya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

ngwụcha afọ 1980, onye nwe ya bụ Shaw Organisation kpebiri ịkwatu ụlọ ihe nkiri Lido ochie, ma wuo ụlọ dị okpukpu iri abụọ na otu nke nwere ala ala. ^[1]^[2] rụchara ọrụ a, nke bụ nke Shaw Organisation kachasị ukwuu na Singapore ruo ugbu a, na 1993 mgbe afọ atọ nke iwu gasịrị. Ụlọ Shaw nwere nnukwu ụlọ ahịa Isetan na Singapore, ma nwee okpukpu ise. O nwere nnukwu ụlọ

↑ Singapore Infopedia: Scotts Road. National Library Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved on 30 July 2007.
↑ About Shaw: Shaw Organisation, 1990. Shaw Organisation. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved on 1 August 2007.

[e18-1] Kukuya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Guthrie-2] Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

[Infopedia-3] Singapore Infopedia: Scotts Road. National Library Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved on 30 July 2007.

[Shaw_online_1990-4] About Shaw: Shaw Organisation, 1990. Shaw Organisation. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved on 1 August 2007.

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]