Asụsụ Kumam
| Kumam Ikokolemu | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Uganda | |
| Region: | Teso District | |
| Total speakers: | Àtụ:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Niluṣeḥrawit? Eastern Sudanic Nilotic Western Nilotic Luo Southern Luo Lango–Kumam[1] Kumam | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | kdi | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Kumam bụ asụsụ nke Southern Lwoo [2] nke Ndị Kumam nke Uganda na-asụ. [3] na-eme atụmatụ na olumba Kumam nwere pasent 82 yiri olumba Acholi, pasent 81 na olumba Lango.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwụsị | enweghị olu | p | t | c | k |
| kwuru okwu | b | d | ɟ | g | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | (f) [nke iri na otu][4] | (s) [4] | |||
| N'akụkụ | l | ||||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | r | ||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Ọkara ụdaolu | w | j | |||
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} Mmekọahụ -na ike ime n'ihi usoro ọdịdị, dịka ọmụmaatụ del 'akpụkpọ ahụ' + -ná → dellá 'akpụ akpụ m'. [2]
Mkpụrụedemede[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kumam nwere ụdaume iri, yana usoro nkwekọrịta ụdaume dabere na ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị Mgbọrọgwụ ire dị elu (ATR). [2]
| [-ATR] | [+ATR] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
| N'akụkụ | ɪ | i | u | |
| N'etiti | Ọ bụ | Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya | na | o |
| Emeghe | a | Ọpụpụ | ||
Vow[2] e-na ọdịiche n'ogologo, ma e wezụga n'ihi usoro ụfọdụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke na-eme mgbe ị na-etinye nsonaazụ -nɔ: ted- 'isi nri' + -ne → *ted-do → Teedo 'isi nri'.
Ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[2] nwere ụda isii: ala, elu, na-ada, na-ebili, na-agbadata elu na okpukpu abụọ.
| Ụda | Nkọwa |
|---|---|
| ala | [na] |
| elu | [à] |
| ịda | [A] |
| ịrị elu | [ǎ] |
| gbadaa elu | [!á] |
| okpukpu abụọ dị elu | [!!á] |
Ụda Sandhi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Kumam na-egosipụta ụda sandhi n'ụzọ abụọ. Nke mbụ bụ mgbasa nke tonemes dị elu n'aka nri gaa n'okwu ndị a na-amalite na tonemes dị ala, dị ka na ɑbúké 'eyelash' + , 'eyelash'. Nke abụọ bụ mgbe a na-esochi toneme dị elu na-ese n'elu mmiri site na okwu na-amalite na toneme dị ala, ebe a na-enye ụda na-ese na-ese mmiri na okwu na - ọ bụghị okwu na-ebu ụda na-efe efe: cogó 'ọkpụkpụ' + rac 'ajọ' → cogo râc 'Ọkpụkpụ dị njọ.' [2]
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ngwaa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Valence[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ewu ogwe osisi ndị na-agafe agafe site na itinye nsonaazụ -ɔ (yɛŋ 'na-enwe afọ ojuju' → ôŋ-ɔ 'na-eju afọ'). Akụkụ nke ngwaa na-agafe agafe nwere ike ịnwe nsonaazụ -ɛ́rɛ́ iji mepụta ihe Hieda na-akpọ 'ụdị etiti' (nɛ́n-ɔ → nɛ́!nɛ́rɛ́ 'hụ'). [2]
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu bụ isi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Hello - yoga Olee otú ị dị? -'Itiye benyo (otu), Itiyenu benyo (ọtụtụ) Fine, na gị? - Atiye ber, maay bon yin? Fine - Atiye ber' ma ọ bụ naanị ber Gịnị bụ aha gị? - Ịjụ n'ime Ngai? Aha m bụ ... - Nying ango na ... Aha --- Nying Nice iji hụ gị. --- Apwoyo Neno in (nakwa: Apwoyo Neno wun) Hụ gị ọzọ --- Oneno bobo Book - Itabo N'ihi na - Pi Ento
Enwere ike ịsụgharị ahịrịokwu mbụ dị na Bible dị ka I ya gege, Rubanga ocweo wi polo incom piny ("Na mbido Chineke mere eluigwe na ụwa").
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
eyelash'. Nke abụọ bụ mgbe a na-esochi toneme dị elu na-ese n'elu mmiri site na okwu na-amaliteeyelash'. Nke abụọ bụ mgbe a na-esochi toneme dị elu na-ese n'elu mmiri site na okwu na-amalite
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald (2023-07-10). Glottolog 4.8 - Southern Lwoo. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7398962.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Hieda (2020). "Kumam". The Oxford Handbook of African Languages: 611–629. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199609895.001.0001. Hieda, Osamu (2020). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "handbook" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kumam (en). Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2020-09-28.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
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