Asụsụ Laro
| Laro | |
|---|---|
| A mụrụ ya | Sudan |
| Ógbè | Ugwu Nuba |
| Agbụrụ | Laro |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
40,000 (2010)[1] |
Niger-Congo?
| |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | lro
|
| Glottolog | laro1243
|
| ELP | Laro |
 A na-ahazi Laro dị ka nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerAtlas nke Asụsụ Ụwa Na-anọ n'Ihe Iche Ndụ | |
Laro, nke a na-akpọkwa Laru, Aaleira, Ngwullaro, Yillaro, bụ asụsụ Niger-Congo n'ezinụlọ Heiban nke a na'Ugwu Nuba na Kordofan, Sudan.
Obodo nta ndị a bụ Oya, Rodong (Hajar Medani), Hajar Baco, Gunisaia, Serif, Tondly, Reli, Lagau (Serfinila), Getaw (Hajar Tiya), na Orme (Ando) (Ethnologue, mbipụta nke 22).
"Laru [lro] bụ asụsụ Niger-Kordofanian n'ime otu Heiban (Schadeberg 1981) nke gụnyere asụsụ Heiban, Moro, Otoro, Kwalib, Tira, Hadra, na Shoai. Asụsụ atọ bụ Yilaru, Yïdündïlï na Yogo'romany. Abụọ ikpeazụ dị nso na asụsụ agbata obi nke Kwalib. "
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụ okwu
| Mkpụrụ okwu Mkpụrụ okwu | ||||||
| Bialbial | ezé ezé | alveolar | ire ụtọ | Velar | egbugbere ọnụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma | |
| plositives na-enweghị olu | p | t2 | t3 | c | k | (kw) |
| okwu mkpu | b | d4 | Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a ga-eji | ɟ | ɡọ | (gw) |
| imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | (ŋw) | |
| plosives a na-eme tupu ịlụ di ma ọ bụ nwunye | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | w) (ŋ) | |
| ndị na-eru nso | w | l | j | |||
| flap | Ọdịdị | |||||
| trill | r | |||||
Mkpụrụ okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Ntinye ụdaume | ||
| a | ɡ-ɲɛ̀n → ɡˈɪɲɛ̀n | 'Nkịta CM' |
| b | ɡ-bəu → ɡˈbəu | 'igwe ojii nke CM' |
| c | ɡ-ɛn → ɡɛn | 'Ugwu CM' |
(Vowel Insertion in Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3)
Laru nwere usoro ụdaume asatọ. A na-egosi ụdaume abụọ na Tebụl, ebe [ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ] bụ [-ATR] na [i ə u] bụ [+ATR]. (Abdalla 2015:2)
Vowel Elision[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe omume asụsụ a na-akpọ "vowel elision" n'asụsụ a na-amụ. Elivishọn ụdaume na-eme mgbe a na-ejikọta ụdaume abụọ ọnụ site na ntinye, nke pụtara ịgbakwunye prefix ma ọ bụ suffix na okwu.Asụsụ ahụ anaghị ekwe ka usoro ụdaume, nke pụtara na ụdaume abụọ enweghị ike ịpụta n'akụkụ ibe ha n'otu okwu. Iji gbochie usoro ụdaume abụọ, a na-ewepụ nke mbụ n'ime ụdaume abụọ ahụ, nke pụtara na a na-ehichapụ ya ma ọ bụ wepụ ya na okwu ahụ.
Ihe Nlereanya: Vowel Elision:
a. daʹɪ - ala → daʹala 'n'elu osisi'
b. ɡʊlʊ - ala → ɡʊlala 'n'elu mgbidi'
(Abdalla 2015: 3)
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ebe obibi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Ebe obibi | ||
| Ebe obibi | Nkọwa | Ihe ọ pụtara |
| -ala | 'n'elu' | n'elu ala |
| -alu | 'na.ọkwa' | n'ala |
| -anʊ | 'n'okpuru, n'ime' | n'okpuru ala, n'ime |
| Nkwupụta | 'gburugburu' | gburugburu ala |
(Locatives na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 3)
- Locatives -ala na -alʊ na-akọwa ọnọdụ n'elu na n'ala, n'otu n'otu.
- Locative -anʊ na-egosi ịnọ n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ n'ime ihe.
- Nkọwapụta na-egosi ọnọdụ gburugburu ala.
- Ebe ndị a na-enye ụzọ iji gosipụta ma ghọta mmekọrịta na ebe n'ime asụsụ.
Aha na klas[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Aha na klas | |||||
| Klas | Ihe ịrịba ama klas | Asụsụ | Ọtụtụ | Nkọwa | Mpaghara Semantic |
| 1-2 | d-/ŋw- | Diịlo | ŋwùɟì | onye | nnukwu ihe |
| 3-4 | l-/ŋw- | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ihe nkiri | ŋwə̀blə̀ndí | égbè | ihe ndị gbara oghere, ihe ndị gbara gburugburu |
| 5-6 | ɡ-/j- | ɡìɟì | jìɟì | nwa | obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ihe dị nkọ |
| 7 | j- | Yaw | mmiri | mmiri, ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya | |
| 8-9 | -0/-ŋə | N'ihi ya | Mọnk | nne nne | okwu mmekọrịta |
(Nkọwa aha na Laru Locatives, nke sitere na Abdalla 2015: 4)
Asụsụ Laru na-eji usoro klas aha dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere klas itoolu, na-ekewa aha n'ime mpaghara ise dị iche iche, dịka akọwapụtara na Tebụl 4. A na-ahọpụta klas abụọ mbụ maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, osisi, na anụmanụ. Na-aga na klas nke atọ na nke anọ, a na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị a na-akọwa dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọ bụ echiche ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'ikpeazụ, klas nke asatọ na nke itoolu na-etinye aka na aha mmekọrịta, gụnyere nnọchiaha na okwu ndị metụtara ikwu. (Abdalla 2015: 4)
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ gburugburu. A na-ahọpụta klas ise na isii maka obere ihe, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị dị obere, dị gịrịgịrị, ogologo, ma ọ bụ dị nkọ. Klas nke asaa na-agụnye aha ndị metụtara mmiri na echiche ma ọ
- ↑ Laro at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Abdalla Kuku, Nabil (2012), Laru vowel harmony. Akwụkwọ oge ụfọdụ na ọmụmụ nke Asụsụ Sudan 10:17-35.
Abdalla Kuku, Nabil (2015), Laru Locatives. Akwụkwọ ndị na-ede mgbe ụfọdụ na Ọmụmụ Asụsụ Sudan 11:1-16.
Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1981), A Survey of Kordofanian Mpịakọta 1: The Heiban Group. Helmut Buske: Hamburg.