Asụsụ Maká
| Maká MakáÀtụ:Infobox Language/pronunciation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: |
| |
| Region: | Presidente Hayes Department, Asunción | |
| Total speakers: | 1,500 | |
| Language family: | Matacoan Maká | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | mca | |
Maká bụ asụsụ Matacoan nke ndị Maká na-asụ na Argentina na Paraguay. Ndị ọkà okwu [1] 1,500 bi na Ngalaba Presidente Hayes dị nso na Río Negro, yana n'ime na gburugburu Asunción.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụ okwu Velar na-agbanwe agbanwe na ụdaume palatal n'ihu /e/ na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ihu/a/. Ihe atụ gụnyere /keɬejkup/ ~ [ceɬejkup] "oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ" na /exeʔ/ ~ [eçeʔ] "stork". [2] na-achọpụta /j/ dị ka fricative [ç] n'ihu /i/, dịka na /inanjiʔ/ ~ [inançiʔ].
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u |
| N'etiti | na | o |
| Ala Dị Ala | a | |
Mkpụrụ okwu na Maká nwere ike ịbụ ụdị V, VC, CV, CCV, na CCVC. Mgbe ụyọkọ ụdaume pụtara na mmalite nke mkpụrụedemede, ụdaume nke abụọ ga-abụ /x/, /h/, /w/, ma ọ bụ /j/.
Ọdịdị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Aha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmekọahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Maká nwere ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị abụọ - nwoke na nwanyị. Ihe ngosi na-egosipụta okike nke aha (Gerzenstein 1995:153:
| Aha nwoke | Aha ụmụ nwanyị |
|---|---|
N'ọtụtụ, a na-egbochi ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị, na ọtụtụ ngosipụta bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka otu nwanyị:
Ọnụ ọgụgụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Aha Maká na-agbanwe maka ọtụtụ. E nwere ọtụtụ njedebe dị iche iche: -l, -wi, Vts, na -Vy. Osisi niile na-ewere -wi otutu, mana ma ọ bụghị ya nhọrọ yiri ka ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịkọwapụta (Gerzenstein 1995:150):
| otu | ọtụtụ | ịma mma |
|---|---|---|
| Ndị Hibru | Ụzọ e si eme ya | ala (s) |
| naxkax | naxkax-wi | osisi (s) |
| tenuk | tenuk-its | nwamba (s) |
Ihe omuma[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Maká enweghị akara ọ bụla doro anya na aha. Tụlee ahịrịokwu na-esonụ, ebe isiokwu ma ọ bụ ihe na-egosi ihe ọ bụla (Gerzenstein 1995:139):
Nkwekọrịta ya na onye nwe ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nkwekọrịta ya na isiokwu ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ngwaa na-ekwekọrịta na isiokwu na ihe ha n'usoro dị mgbagwoju anya. Gerzenstein (1995) na-akọwa ụdị njikọ ise maka ngwaa intransitive. Ihe atụ abụọ na-esonụ na-egosi ngwaa intransitive site na klas 1 na 3.
| ịma jijiji (nke atọ) | ịgba egwú (nke mbụ) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tsi-kawelik | 'M na-ama jijiji' | taa-Otoy | 'M na-agba egwú' | |
| 2 | łan-kawelik | 'ị na-ama jijiji' | ł-otoy | 'ị na-agba egwú' | |
| 3 | ya-kawelik | 'ọ na-ama jijiji' | t-otoy | 'ọ na-agba egwú' | |
| 1pl gụnyere | xiyi-kawelik | 'anyị (gụnyere) na-ama jijiji' | xit-otoy | 'anyị (gụnyere) ịgba egwú' | |
Okwu ndị nwere ajụjụ wh na-egosi okwu ajụjụ mmalite nke ahịrịokwu. Maká nwere obere ndepụta nke okwu ajụjụ, nwere naanị mmadụ atọ: łek 'onye, ihe', pan 'nke, ebe, ole', na inhats'ek 'ihe kpatara ya'. Ihe atụ na-esonụ na-egosi ahịrịokwu ajụjụ na okwu ajụjụ mbụ (Gerzenstein 1995:178:
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Maká enweghị akara ọ bụla doro anya na aha. Tụlee ahịrịokwu na-esonụ, ebe isiokwu ma ọ bụ ihe na-egosi ihe ọ bụla
- ↑ Herzfeld (1999). Las Causas sociales de la desaparición y del mantenimiento de las lenguas en las naciones de América: trabajos presentados en el 49avo Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Quito, Ecuador, julio 7-11, 1997 (in es). USON. ISBN 978-968-7713-70-0.
- ↑ Gerzenstein (1995). Lengua Maká. Estudio descriptivo, Archivo de Lenguas Indoamericanas (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires. ISBN 950-29-0176-2.
- Nchịkọta asụsụ Argentinian nke Ana Gerzenstein, nke nwere ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke Maká, site na Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.
- Maca (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
