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Asụsụ Nalu

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Nalu
Spoken in: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau
Total speakers: Templeeti:Sigfig
Language family: Nnijer–Kongo
 Atlantic–Congo
  ? Atlantic
   (unclassified)
    Nalu
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3: naj

Nalu (nalɛ, nul; sụpekwara Nalou[1]) bụ asụsụ Atlantic nke Guinea na Guinea-Bissau, nke ndị Nalu na-asụ, ndị West Africa bụ ndị bi na ya.region tupu mbata nke Mandinka na narị afọ nke 14 ma ọ bụ 15. Ndị okenye na-asụkarị ya. A na-eche na ọ ga-ekwu okwu ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 ruo 25,000, ebe Wilson (2007) na-akọ na e nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 12,000. A na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dị ize ndụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ ya na-ebelata.[2]

Nchịkọta

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N'adịghị ka nkewa ndị gara aga, Güldemann (2018) kewara Nalu dị ka onye a na-ekewaghị na Niger-Congo. [3] bụghịkwa otu ìgwè na Asụsụ Rio Nunez.

[4] na-ahazi Nalu dị ka Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo. [5]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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[6] kọwaala ndị Nalu na-asụ Nalu dị ka ndị bi na West Africa tupu Ndị Mandinka. Nke a ga-etinye ha dị ka ndị dị na West Africa n'etiti narị afọ nke 14 na 15. [7] (2007) na-akọ na ndị Nalu si Guinea-Bissau.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụ okwu[7]
Akpụkpọ ahụ Alveolar Palatal Velar Ebe a na-anọ amụ ihe
Plosive b="#mwt70" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"p"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwWg" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">p d-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"t"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwXQ" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">t d c g gb
Ihe na-esiri ike f <s about="#mwt78" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"θ"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwaw" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">θ, s h
Ụgbọ imi m n ŋ
Ihe atụ w l="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"r"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgg" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">r, l j
Mkpụrụedemede[7]
N'ihu Central Ịlaghachi azụ
Elu i iː u uː
N'etiti elu na eː o oː
Ọkara ala ɛ ɛː Ọ bụ n'afọ ka a na-akpọ ɔː
Ala Dị Ala a aː

[8] nwere mgbanwe ụda n'asụsụ ya. Mgbanwe ụda na-emekarị n'ihi ihe ụda chọrọ obere mgbalị maka ọkà okwu. Mgbanwe ụda ndị a na-ejikarị asụsụ ọ bụla n'asụsụ na ihe atụ nke mgbanwe ụda asụsụ Nalu dị na ngalaba dị n'okpuru. Nalu nwere olumba isii. [8] na-asụ atọ na Guinea-Conakry ma na-asị atọ na Guinée-Bissau. Agbanyeghị, a maghị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti olumba ndị ahụ.

Ihe Nlereanya

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Aha [8] [9]

Bekee Nalu
nwoke be-cel
unyi/ọcha m-balax
oyi m-hon
akụ́ n-kiam
axis n-wōfañ
ọbara a-nyak
ụta m-firl
nwanne nwoke n-wōke
onyeisi/eze m-fem/be-fem
ekwensu/mmụọ ọjọọ m-banjon
onye na-agwọ ọrịa (dọkịta) ọkara-ọkara
ọkụ zutere
chi gu-dana
ọnwa m-bilañ
abalị foto
ohu m-bōl
agwọ ọkara isii

Ngwaa[9]

Bekee Nalu
na-abịa m-ba
igbu mmadụ alaka
ịnwụ n-ref

Mgbanwe Ụda Ka Oge Na-aga[8]

Bekee Mgbanwe Nalu tupu ụda Mgbe Nalu gbanwere Ụda
ọkpụkpụ nhol a-hol
ọnụ n-ala ala
igbu mmadụ m-alaka alaka
nwoke nlam-cel be-cel
anya n-nke a a-na-na-

Edensibia

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  1. Did you know Nalu is vulnerable? (en). Endangered Languages. Retrieved on 2017-03-09.
  2. Hair (1967). "Ethnolinguistic Continuity on the Guinea Coast". The Journal of African History 8 (2): 253. DOI:10.1017/s0021853700007040. 
  3. Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. 
  4. Simons, G. & Fennig, C.. Nalu. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved on 2017-03-07.
  5. Nalu. The Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved on 2017-03-07.
  6. Rodney (1970). A History of the Upper Guinea Coast. Oxford: Clarendon Press.. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Voeltz (1996). "Les Langues de la Guinée". Cahiers d'Étude des Langues Guinéennes 1: 24–25. Voeltz, F. K. Erhard (1996). "Les Langues de la Guinée". Cahiers d'Étude des Langues Guinéennes. 1: 24–25. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  9. 9.0 9.1 Johnston (1919). A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages. Clarendon Press: Oxford., 750–772). Johnston, H (1919). A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages. Clarendon Press: Oxford. pp. 750–772). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content

Njikọ mpụga

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