Asụsụ Nalu
| Nalu | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Guinea, Guinea-Bissau | |
| Total speakers: | Àtụ:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Nnijer–Kongo Atlantic–Congo ? Atlantic (unclassified) Nalu | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | naj | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Nalu (nalɛ, nul; sụpekwara Nalou[1]) bụ asụsụ Atlantic nke Guinea na Guinea-Bissau, nke ndị Nalu na-asụ, ndị West Africa bụ ndị bi na ya.region tupu mbata nke Mandinka na narị afọ nke 14 ma ọ bụ 15. Ndị okenye na-asụkarị ya. A na-eche na ọ ga-ekwu okwu ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 ruo 25,000, ebe Wilson (2007) na-akọ na e nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 12,000. A na-ewere ya dị ka asụsụ dị ize ndụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-asụ ya na-ebelata.[2]
Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'adịghị ka nkewa ndị gara aga, Güldemann (2018) kewara Nalu dị ka onye a na-ekewaghị na Niger-Congo. [3] bụghịkwa otu ìgwè na Asụsụ Rio Nunez.
[4] na-ahazi Nalu dị ka Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo. [5]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[6] kọwaala ndị Nalu na-asụ Nalu dị ka ndị bi na West Africa tupu Ndị Mandinka. Nke a ga-etinye ha dị ka ndị dị na West Africa n'etiti narị afọ nke 14 na 15. [7] (2007) na-akọ na ndị Nalu si Guinea-Bissau.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Ebe a na-anọ amụ ihe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b="#mwt70" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"p"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwWg" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">p | d-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"t"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwXQ" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">t d | c | g | gb |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | f | <s about="#mwt78" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"θ"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwaw" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">θ, s | h | ||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Ihe atụ | w | l="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"r"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgg" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">r, l | j |
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i iː | u uː | |
| N'etiti elu | na eː | o oː | |
| Ọkara ala | ɛ ɛː | Ọ bụ n'afọ ka a na-akpọ ɔː | |
| Ala Dị Ala | a aː |
Okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[8] nwere mgbanwe ụda n'asụsụ ya. Mgbanwe ụda na-emekarị n'ihi ihe ụda chọrọ obere mgbalị maka ọkà okwu. Mgbanwe ụda ndị a na-ejikarị asụsụ ọ bụla n'asụsụ na ihe atụ nke mgbanwe ụda asụsụ Nalu dị na ngalaba dị n'okpuru. Nalu nwere olumba isii. [8] na-asụ atọ na Guinea-Conakry ma na-asị atọ na Guinée-Bissau. Agbanyeghị, a maghị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti olumba ndị ahụ.
Ihe Nlereanya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
| Bekee | Nalu |
|---|---|
| nwoke | be-cel |
| unyi/ọcha | m-balax |
| oyi | m-hon |
| akụ́ | n-kiam |
| axis | n-wōfañ |
| ọbara | a-nyak |
| ụta | m-firl |
| nwanne nwoke | n-wōke |
| onyeisi/eze | m-fem/be-fem |
| ekwensu/mmụọ ọjọọ | m-banjon |
| onye na-agwọ ọrịa (dọkịta) | ọkara-ọkara |
| ọkụ | zutere |
| chi | gu-dana |
| ọnwa | m-bilañ |
| abalị | foto |
| ohu | m-bōl |
| agwọ | ọkara isii |
Ngwaa[9]
| Bekee | Nalu |
|---|---|
| na-abịa | m-ba |
| igbu mmadụ | alaka |
| ịnwụ | n-ref |
Mgbanwe Ụda Ka Oge Na-aga[8]
| Bekee | Mgbanwe Nalu tupu ụda | Mgbe Nalu gbanwere Ụda |
|---|---|---|
| ọkpụkpụ | nhol | a-hol |
| ọnụ | n-ala | ala |
| igbu mmadụ | m-alaka | alaka |
| nwoke | nlam-cel | be-cel |
| anya | n-nke a | a-na-na- |
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Did you know Nalu is vulnerable? (en). Endangered Languages. Retrieved on 2017-03-09.
- ↑ Hair (1967). "Ethnolinguistic Continuity on the Guinea Coast". The Journal of African History 8 (2): 253. DOI:10.1017/s0021853700007040.
- ↑ Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- ↑ Simons, G. & Fennig, C.. Nalu. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved on 2017-03-07.
- ↑ Nalu. The Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved on 2017-03-07.
- ↑ Rodney (1970). A History of the Upper Guinea Coast. Oxford: Clarendon Press..
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Voeltz (1996). "Les Langues de la Guinée". Cahiers d'Étude des Langues Guinéennes 1: 24–25. Voeltz, F. K. Erhard (1996). "Les Langues de la Guinée". Cahiers d'Étude des Langues Guinéennes. 1: 24–25. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 9.0 9.1 Johnston (1919). A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages. Clarendon Press: Oxford., 750–772). Johnston, H (1919). A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages. Clarendon Press: Oxford. pp. 750–772). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Glottolog
- Ọrụ Joshua
- ELAR Archive nke Asụsụ Nalu