Asụsụ Tulu

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Asụsụ Tulu
asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nkeTulu Dezie
akara alaತುಳು Dezie
mba/obodoNdia Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaKarnataka, Kerala Dezie
ụdị asụsụagglutinative language Dezie
usoro ederedeKannada script, Tigalari, Malayalam script Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO2 vulnerable Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue5 Na-etolite Dezie
kọwara na URLhttps://lpan.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1386 Dezie
Koodu asụsụ Wikimediatcy Dezie
ngalaba maka ihe nkiri n'asụsụ aCategory:Tulu-language films Dezie
Onye Tuḷuva
Ndị mmadụ Tuḷuvarŭ
Asụsụ Tupu
Mba Tuḷu Nāḍŭ
Onye na-ekwu okwu na Tulu.

Tulu (Tulu Bāse, tcytcytcy)Àtụ:Efn bụ asụsụ Dravidian nke ndị na-asụ ya gbadoro ụkwụ na Dakshina Kannada na n'akụkụ ndịda nke Udupi nke Karnataka na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ India yana kwa na akụkụ ugwu nke Kasaragod district nke Kerala. A na-akpọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu dị ka ndị Tuluva ma ọ bụ ndị Tulu na mpaghara mpaghara a na-akpọ Tulu Nadu n'enweghị iwu.

Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India nke afọ 2011 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,846,427 ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na India. [1]Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2001 kọrọ na ngụkọta nke 1,722,768 na-asụ asụsụ ala. E[2] ihe isi ike ụfọdụ n'ịgụ ndị na-asụ Tulu ndị si n'ógbè ha kwapụ dịka a na-agụkarị ha dị ka ndị na-ekwu Kannada na Akụkọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India.

Nkewapụrụ na Proto-South Dravidian, Tulu nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụ na Tamil-Kannada. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwere pluperfect na ọdịnihu zuru oke, dị ka French ma ọ bụ Spanish, mana e mepụtara ya na-enweghị ngwaa enyemaka.

[3] [4] asụsụ a na-asụ na Tulu Nadu, nke nwere mpaghara Dakshina Kannada na Udupi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Karnataka na mpaghara ugwu nke Mpaghara Kasaragod nke Kerala [2] . A na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Tulu na Kalasa na Mudigere taluks nke mpaghara Chikkamagaluru na Tirthahalli, Hosanagar nke mpaghara Shimoga. Ndị [5]-abụghị ndị na-asụ Tulu gụnyere ndị bi na mpaghara Tulunadu mana ndị na- asụ Asụsụ Beary, asụsụ Havyaka yana Konkani na Koraga dị ka asụsụ nne ha. [6][7][8] Tulu Nadu, a na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ Tulu na Maharashtra, [1] Bangalore, Chennai, ụwa na-asụrụ Bekee, na mba Gulf. [2] [3]

Ihe odide dị iche iche nke Tulu site na narị afọ nke 15 dị na edemede Tulu. [2] E dekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ nke Tulu aha ya bụ Sri Bhagavato na Kaveri site na narị afọ nke iri na asaa n'otu edemede ahụ. [2] A maara asụsụ Tulu maka akwụkwọ ọ na-ede n'ụdị uri a na-akpọ Pardan. Epic nke Siri [2] akụkọ ifo nke Koti na Chennayya so n'ụdị akwụkwọ Tulu a.

Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

Okwu mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ P. Gururaja Bhat kwuru na Tulunadu (akwụkwọ nyocha) na Tuluva sitere n'okwu ahụ bụ turuva, ebe turu pụtara 'ụmụ ehi' ma na-ezo aka n'ebe ndị yadava ma ọ bụ cowherd na-achị.[Tinye edensibịa][citation needed]

Ọnọdụ gọọmentị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Tulu abụghị asụsụ gọọmentị nke India ma ọ bụ mba ọ bụla ọzọ. A na-eme mgbalị itinye Tulu na Ndepụta nke 8 nke Iwu. [9] [10]'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, n'oge Vishwa Tulu Sammelan nke mbụ haziri na Ujire-Dharmastala, mgbe ahụ Chief Minister Karnataka B. S. Yediyurappa kwere nkwa izipu aro ọhụrụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu. [1] [11][12]'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2017, a haziri mkpọsa n'ịntanetị iji tinye Tulu na usoro iwu nke asatọ [1] N'ọnwarị 2017, mgbe praịm minista Narendra Modi, gara Ụlọ Nsọ Dharmasthala, e gosipụtara otu ihe ahụ n'ihu ya. [2] N'otu aka ahụ, na 2018, Onye omeiwu si na mpaghara Kasargod, P. Karunakaran, welitere otu arịrịọ ahụ maka itinye asụsụ Tulu na usoro nke asatọ nke iwu. [13] 19 Febụwarị 2020, Vedavyas Kamath onye so na Mangaluru (n'ebe ndịda) nke Nzukọ Ndị Ome Iwu, nyere onye isi minista B. S. Yediyurappa na minista maka njem nleta, Kannada na ọdịbendị, C. T. Ravi, akwụkwọ, na-achọ ọnọdụ gọọmentị maka asụsụ Tulu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, MLA ọzọ si Moodbidri Umanath Kotian gbara gọọmentị steeti ume ka ha tinye nrụgide na gọọmentị union ka ha gbakwunye asụsụ Tulu na usoro ihe omume nke asatọ n'oge nnọkọ ahụ. [14]'ọnwa Julaị 2021, ndị otu atọ dị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Karnataka: BJP, Congress na Janata Dal (Secular), kwadoro echiche ahụ. [1]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe odide kachasị ochie na Tulu sitere n'oge dị n'etiti narị afọ nke 7 na nke 8 AD. [15] [16] [17] Ihe odide ndị a dị na edemede Tulu ma chọta ya n'ebe dị na gburugburu Barkur nke bụ isi obodo Tulu Nadu n'oge Vijayanagar. A na-ahụ otu ihe odide ọzọ na Ullur Subrahmanya Temple dị nso na Kundapura. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ dị ka S.U. Panniyadi na L. V. Ramaswami Iyer yana P.S. Subrahmanya tụrụ aro na Tulu so n'asụsụ kachasị ochie n'ezinụlọ Dravidian nke gbasara n'onwe ya site na mgbọrọgwụ Proto-Dravidian ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 2500 gara aga. Nkwupụta a dabere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Tulu ka na-echekwa ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Asụsụ Proto-Dravidian.

Ebe ọmụmụ na nyocha nke Tulu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Usòrò:Tuluenglishdictionary.jpg
Ihu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu nke Männer bipụtara na 1886.

Tulu dị ka asụsụ na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto na Karnataka na Kasaragod dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Kerala. Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy, [18] ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị steeti Karnataka guzobere na 1994, ewebatala Tulu dị ka asụsụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Karnataka, gụnyere Alva's High School, Moodbidri; Dattanjaneya High School, Odiyoor; Ramakunjeshwara English-medium High School, Ramakunja; na Vani Composite Pre-University College, Belthangady. [19] mbụ, a malitere n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na isii, [1] a na-akụzi asụsụ ahụ ugbu a n'ihe karịrị ụlọ akwụkwọ iri atọ na atọ, nke iri atọ n'ime ha dị na mpaghara Dakshina Kannada. Ihe k[20] ụmụ akwụkwọ 1500 ahọrọla ịmụ asụsụ a.

Gọọmentị Kerala guzobere Kerala Tulu Academy na 2007. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya n'inweta na ịgbasa asụsụ na ọdịbendị Tulu na Kerala site na ọrụ dị iche iche dịka ịhazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe na ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Tulu, wdg. Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ dị na Hosangadi, Manjeshwar na Kasaragod.

A na-akụzi Tulu dị ka asụsụ na ọkwa post-graduate na Mahadum Mangalore, ma enwere ngalaba raara onwe ya nye maka ọmụmụ Tulu, ntụgharị na nyocha na Mahadum Dravidian [21] na Kuppam Andhra Pradesh.[22] Degree College [1] na Kasaragod na Kerala webatara usoro asambodo na Tulu maka afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2009-2010. O webatara Tulu dị ka isiokwu nhọrọ na nkuzi Kannada ya. Ọ nabatara syllabi site na akwụkwọ ndị Tulu Sahitya Academy bipụtara.

Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Germany bụ Kammerer na Männer bụ ndị mbụ mere nchọpụta banyere asụsụ ahụ. Kammerer chịkọtara ihe dị ka okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enyemaka nke gọọmentị Madras nke oge ahụ. Mgbalị ahụ ezughi oke, ebe ọ na-ekpuchi akụkụ niile nke asụsụ ahụ. Govinda Pai Research Centre na MGM College, Udupi malitere ọrụ Tulu lexicon afọ 18 n'afọ 1979. [23]

Asụsụ dị iche iche, okwu pụrụ iche eji eme ihe maka ọrụ dị iche iche. [24] ọrụ ahụ ewepụtakwala mpịakọta isii, asụsụ atọ, ọnụahịa dị ala nke Tulu-Kannada-English lexicon. E nyere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Tulu Gundert Award maka akwụkwọ ọkọwaokwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ na 1996. [25] Septemba 2011, Kansụl agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Mangalore nabatara aro, iji kwe ka mahadum na kọleji ndị metụtara ya nye asambodo, diplọma na ọmụmụ diplọma na Tulu, ma n'ụzọ nkịtị ma n'ụdị akwụkwọ ozi [1] [26]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ọgba aghara Gokak
  • Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri Tulu
  • Aliya Kattu

Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

okwu 3,000 na ihe ha pụtara tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Männer gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya, onye mechara nyocha ahụ ma bipụta akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Tulu na 1886 site n'enye

  1. ↑ Census of India - Statement 1. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved on 13 November 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Steever (2015). The Dravidian Languages. Routledge, 158–163. ISBN 9781136911644.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BhatSteveer" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Tulu Nadu, Kasaragod, Kerala, India (en). Kerala Tourism. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved on 12 June 2017.
  4. ↑ Susheela Thomas. Social Aspects and Dynamics of Convergence. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  5. ↑ Steever (1998). The Dravidian Languages. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-10023-2. 
  6. ↑ Dr. Veerendra Heggade in Dubai to Unite Tuluvas for Tulu Sammelan. Daijiworld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.
  7. ↑ Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!. Mangalorean.Com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.
  8. ↑ Language in India. Language in India (5 May 2003). Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.
  9. ↑ "Centre still examining inclusion of Tulu, Kodava in 8th Schedule", Coastaldigest.com - The Trusted News Portal of India, Coastal Karnataka, 22 July 2017. Retrieved on 21 October 2017. (in en)
  10. ↑ "CM inaugurates Vishwa Tulu Sammelan", The New Indian Express. Retrieved on 11 December 2009.
  11. ↑ "Demand to include Tulu in Eight Schedule grows louder with PM's visit - Times of India", The Times of India. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
  12. ↑ "Twitter campaign to include Tulu in Eighth Schedule of Constitution", The Hindu, 10 August 2017. Retrieved on 12 November 2017. (in en-IN)
  13. ↑ "Mangaluru: MLA Vedavyasa Kamath seeks official recognition for Tulu language", DaijiWorld News. Retrieved on 19 February 2020.
  14. ↑ Campaign to get official status for Tulu gains steam (en). Deccan Herald (2021-07-05). Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved on 2021-07-05.
  15. ↑ Steever (24 June 2003). The Dravidian languages - Sanford B. Steever - Google Books. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203424353. Retrieved on 21 May 2012. 
  16. ↑ Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early ... - Upinder Singh - Google Books. Pearson Education India. ISBN 9788131711200. Retrieved on 21 May 2012. 
  17. ↑ Rao (2005). Brahmanas of South India - Nagendra Rao - Google Books. Kalpaz Publications. ISBN 9788178353005. Retrieved on 21 May 2012. 
  18. ↑ Welcome tuluacademy.org. Tuluacademy.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved on 26 August 2016.
  19. ↑ 626 students from 16 Dakshina Kannada schools opt for Tulu - Bangalore Mirror -. Bangaloremirror.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved on 21 February 2023.
  20. ↑ 1584 students take Tulu as 3rd language in undivided DK dist. India.com (24 June 2017). Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved on 25 June 2017.
  21. ↑ Dravidianuniversity. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.
  22. ↑ GOVERNMENT COLLEGE Vidyanagar. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved on 26 August 2016.
  23. ↑ Rediff on the Net: Now, Tulu has a real dictionary!. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved on 21 May 2012.
  24. ↑ Leena Mudbidri (8 December 2009). Tulu Nighantu a Lexicon That Speaks a Million Words. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013.
  25. ↑ TNN. "MU to Offer Tulu Courses", The Times of India, 30 September 2011. Retrieved on 2 October 2011.
  26. ↑ Special Correspondent. "Varsity Okays Proposals to Offer Courses in Biotechnology, Tulu", The Hindu, 30 September 2011. Retrieved on 2 October 2011.

Ebe e si nweta ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Caldwell, R., A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages, London: Harrison, 1856.; E bipụtara ya na London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd., 1913; rev. ed. site na J. L. Wyatt na T. Ramakrishna Pillai, Madras, Mahadum nke Madras, 1961, bipụtaghachiri Asian Educational Services, 1998.   ISBN 81-206-0117-3
  • C. (1875). A Comparative Grammar nke Dravidian ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ South-Indian. London: Trübner na Co., Ludgate Hill.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]   ISBN 2-213-01254-7
  • Hall, Edith (2002), "Ndị na-agụ egwú nke oge ochie" na Pat Easterling & Edith Hall, ed., Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Greek na Roman: Aspects of an Ancient Profession, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.   ISBN 0-521-65140-9
  • Lauri Honko, Textualisation of Oral Epics.   ISBN 3-11-016928-2
  • William Pais, Ala A Na-akpọ South Canara.   ISBN 81-7525-148-4
  • Bhat, S.L. A Grammar of Tulu: a Dravidian language.   ISBN 81-85691-12-6
  • Männer, A. Tuḷu-English dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1886
  • Männer, A. English-Tuḷu dictionary, Mangalore: E bipụtara ya na Basel Mission Press 1888
  • Brigel, J. A Grammar of the Tulu language, Mangalore, nke C. Stolz bipụtara, Basel Mission Book & Tract Depository, 1872
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  • Bhat D. N. S. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
  • Vinson, Julien (1878), Ngwaa n'asụsụ Dravidian: Tamil, Canara, Télinga, Malayâla, tulu, wdg, Maisonneuve na cie.Paris
  • Burnell, Arthur Coke (1874), Elements of South-Indian Palæography from the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A.D., Trübner & Co.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akụkụ nke nkà mmụta asụsụ. Ebe a na-ebipụta ya amaghị: Hardpress Ltd.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ nke Tulu: asụsụ Dravidian. Thiruvananthapuram: Òtù asụsụ Dravidian.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia: mmeghe. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Padmanabha, Kekunnaya [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nnyocha ntụnyere nke asụsụ Tulu. Udupi
  • Narayana, S. B. (1967). Nkọwa nkọwa nke Tulu. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
  • Upadhyaya, U. P. (onye nwụrụ). Tulu Lexicon: Tulu-Kannada-English Dictionary. Udupi
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ihe eji eme ihe maka eserese nke ụdaolu Tulu. Lahore
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Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Àtụ:Dravidian languagesÀtụ:Languages spoken in KeralaÀtụ:Languages of India

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