Asụsụ Tungag
| Akụkụ nke | Meso-Melanesian  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Papua New Guinea |
| ụmụ amaala ka | New Ireland Province |
| ụdị asụsụ | subject–verb–object |
| has grammatical person | first-person singular, second-person singular, third-person singular |
| usoro ederede | Latin script |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | no value |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 5 Na-etolite |
Tungag, ma ọ bụ Lavongai, bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, nke dị na New Hanover, aha ala ya bụ Lavongay.
Ebe ọ bụ na Lavongai bụ asụsụ Austronesian, ọ na-agbaso ọtụtụ n'ime njirimara pụrụ iche nke otu asụsụ a. Ihe atụ gụnyere ụdị a kapịrị ọnụ maka otu, abụọ, ikpe na ọtụtụ oge, nghọta nke ịmara ma ọ bụrụ na a gụnyere ma ọ bụ wepụ onye a na-agwa okwu na oge abụọ, ikpe ikpe na ọtụtụ, yana nkọwa nke oge possessive gosipụtara site na njedebe agbakwunyere na aha ahụ. Otú [1] dị, n'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị a na-asụ na Papua New Guinea, ọ nabataghị ma gwakọta ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ.
A na-asụ ya n'àgwàetiti New Hanover na agwaetiti ndị gbara ya gburugburu. E nwere olumba dị iche iche nke asụsụ Lavongai. Nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti asụsụ ndị ahụ dị n'agbata obodo nta ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda na obodo nta ndị si n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n"ụsọ oké oké osimiri ugwu. E[1] obere ọdịiche n'etiti obodo nta, mana ọ nweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti obere obodo nta ndị a.
Ọnọdụ ya dị n'ihe ize ndụ (dị ka Ethnologue si kwuo) bụ 5, nke pụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ a na-eji eme ihe ugboro ugboro, n'ihi ya, egwu ọ bụla na ọ ga-adị n'ihe egwu, mana a naghị ele ya anya dị ka asụsụ bụ isi nke New Guinea.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nchịkọta ụda nke asụsụ Tungag: [2]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | olu na-enweghị olu | p pː | t tː | k kː | |
| olu / ụda | b | d | g ɡː | ||
| Ụgbọ imi | m mː | n nː | ŋːŋ | ||
| Rhotic | r | ||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | olu na-enweghị olu | Ọdịdị | s sː | (x, ɣ) | |
| kwuru okwu | β | v | |||
| N'akụkụ | l lː | ||||
| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | i | u | |
| N'etiti | Ọ bụ | Ihe na-eme ka mmadụ mara | Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya |
| Ala Dị Ala | Ọpụpụ | ||
Usoro ụda[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
(Rịba ama: Ihe odide ndị a anaghị agụnye / z, β, x, ɣ, ɔ/ na germinate [nkọwapụta dị mkpa] consonants)
[3]'otu aka ahụ na ọnụọgụ 'isi', 'iri' nwekwara ihe abụọ dị iche iche.
- sikei a sangauli - 'iri'
Ọdịdị nke ahịrịokwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Lavongai na-agbaso usoro SVO (isiokwu-okwu-ihe). [2]
| Sentence structure types |
|---|
| Intransitive clause |
| Subject / verb phrase / adjunct |
| Transitive clause (1 complement) |
| Subject / verb phrase / direct object / adjunct |
| Transitive clause (2 complements) |
| Subject / verb phrase / direct object / indirect object / adjunct |
| Transitive clause, speech and perception verbs (2 complements) |
| Subject / verb phrase / direct object / ta / indirect object / adjunct |
| Negation on the sentence level |
| Subject / parik / pa verb phrase / adjunct |
| Prohibition (negative imperative) |
| Subject / ago ta / verb phrase / adjunct / -an / direct object |
| Coordinate conjunction |
| Verb phrase / coordinating conjunction / verb phrase |
| Subordinate conjunction |
| Verb phrase / subordinate conjunction / verb phrase |
| Fronted object |
| Direct object / subject / verb phrase / trace object / indirect object / adjunct |
| Fronted verb phrase |
| Verb phrase / subject |
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
anyanwụ ruo n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n"ụsọ oké oké osimiri ugwu. E obere ọdịiche n'etiti obodo nta, mana ọ nweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stamm, Josef. (1988). Lavongai materials, Beaumont, Clive H., Canberra, Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, the Australian National University. ISBN 0858833786. OCLC 20311552. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Karin E. Fast. 2015. Spatial language in Tungag. (Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, 4.) Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
- ↑ edited by John R. Roberts (1990). Two grammatical studies. Ukarumpa via Lae, Paua New Guinea: Summer Institute of Linguistics. ISBN 9980005424. OCLC 28219094.