Asụsụ Tuoba
| Obere ụdị nke | Mongolic, Turkic  |
|---|---|
| Mba/obodo | Northern Wei |
| Ụdị asụsụ | agglutinative language |
| Agbazere, kagburu ma ọ bụ ụbọchị kwaturu | 495 |
| Tuoba | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Tuoba | |
| Region: | Northern China and Mongolia | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Mongolic (or Para-Mongolic)? Turkic? language isolate? Tuoba | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Tuoba (Tabγač ma ọ bụ asụsụ Tabghach; kwa Taγbač ma ọ dị ka Taghbach; Chinese) bụ asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke ndị Tuoba na-asụ n'ebe ugwu China n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke ise AD n'oge usoro ndị eze Northern Wei.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][1]Alexander Vovin (2007) na-akọwa asụsụ Tuoba ha dị ka Asụsụ Mongolian.
[2]'Na aka nke ọzọ, Juha Janhunen tụrụ aro na ndị Tuoba nwere ike ịsụ Asụsụ Oghur Turkic. [3] ka Peter Boodberg si kwuo, asụsụ Tuoba bụ otụ ụzọ bụ isi Turkic na ngwakọta Mongolic. [4] Sanping kwuru [5] asụsụ Tuoba "nwere ma" ihe ndị Turkic na Mongolic.
Liu Xueyao kwuru [6] Tuoba nwere ike ịnwe asụsụ nke ha, nke a na-ekwesịghị iwere na ọ bụ otu asụsụ ọ bụla ọzọ a maara.
Andrew Shimunek (2017) kewara Tuoba (Tabghach) dị ka asụsụ "Serbi" (ya bụ, Para-Mongolic). Alaka Serbi nke Shimunek nwekwara asụsụ Tuyuhun na asusu Khitan. [7]
Ọdịdị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụfọdụ nsonaazụ na-arụ ọrụ bụ: [7]
- *-A (y) ~ *ʁa (y) 'okwu na-esote"
- *-Al ~ *-l 'aha okwu"
- **čɪ ~ **či 'suffix na-egosi ọrụ'
- **-mɔr/-mʊr (萬) 'aha okwu"
- **-n 'ọtụtụ nsonaazụ'
Akwụkwọ Nsọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-edepụta okwu Taghbach ahọpụtara site na Shimunek (2017) n'okpuru ebe a. A na-eji otu asterisk (*) akara ụdị ndị e wughachiri site na iji usoro ntụnyere ahụ, ebe a na-eji asterisk abụọ (**) (nke Shimunek 2017 akara dị ka Ōi na / ma ọ bụ rhyme nke ọdịnala ọdịnala ọdịbendị China). [7]
| Taghbach (ụdị e wughachiri) | Taghbach (ihe odide Chinese mbụ) | Ihe Bekee pụtara | Ihe omuma ndi China |
|---|---|---|---|
| *agyɪl ~ *agɪl | Ihe na-akpali akpali | ụlọ | Ụlọ |
| *čhɪrnɔ | Nwoke di na nwunye | anụ ọhịa wolf | Anụ ọhịa wolf |
| **dɪʁa | Ebe e si enweta ya | edemede, akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ | Akwụkwọ |
| **ɦatśir̃ | Akụ na ụba | nri | Ihe oriri |
| *ɦorbǝl | Ọdọ Mmiri | okpomọkụ | Ọdịdị |
| *ɪrgɪn | Ọdịdị | n'elu, n'elu | Ọ dị |
| **khɪl- | Ịgba ala | ikwu okwu | - |
| **khɪr- | Ihe omuma | igbu mmadụ | Igbu mmadụ |
| **khɪrʁayčɪn | Ihe omuma ihe omuma | ndị na-egbu egbu | Onye na-egbu egbu |
| *ñañaña | Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị | nkịta | Nkịta |
| *pary-al | Ịchụpụ | àkwà mmiri | Ogwe osisi |
| **Phala | Ịgba bọọlụ | Mmiri osikapa | 潘 |
| *Onye na-arụ ọrụ/* | Nwoke | ezì, ezì | Ọdịdị |
| ** Thaʁ | Ịnọba | unyi, ala, ala | Ala |
| *thʊʁnar | Ihe isi ike n'ala | ugwu | Ugwu |
| **thʊʁay | Nkwupụta | oge ochie | Oge Ochie |
| *uwl/*ʊwl | Ozizi jikọtara | ígwé ojii | Igwe ojii |
| *yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan | Ọdịda Anyanwụ | na-egbuke egbuke | Ìhè |
| *žirpəŋ | Ọ bụ na ọ bụ na ọ dị | ala e welitere elu, oghere | Akara |
| **žiʁlʊ | bụ ụlọ | dị elu, dị ogologo | Elu |
Edemsibe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Vovin. "Once Again on the Tabghach Language" (in en).
- ↑ Juha Janhunen, (1996), Manchuria: An Ethnic History, p. 190
- ↑ Holcombe (2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907, 132.
- ↑ Holcombe 2001, p. 248
- ↑ Chen, Sanping 2005. Turkic or Proto-Mongolian? A Note on the Tuoba Language. Central Asiatic Journal 49.2: 161-73.
- ↑ Liu Xueyao p. 83-86
- 1 2 3 Shimunek (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372. Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.