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Asụsụ Vandalic

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Vandalic
Spoken in: — 
Region:
Language extinction: 6th century AD
Language family: Ahendurufi
 Germanic
  East Germanic
   Vandalic
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3: xvn

Vandalic bụ Asụsụ German nke ndị Vandals na-asụ n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke atọ ruo nke isii. [1] yikarịrị ka ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic, n'ihi ya, a na-ahazi ya dị ka Asụsụ East German.:: 9  Ihe akaebe ya dị nnọọ iberibe, karịsịa n'ihi ngafe ndị Vandals na-agagharị mgbe niile na ịnakwere ederede n'azụ oge. Ihe odide niile nke oge [2] site n'oge a na-asụ Vandalic bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.: 43–44 

Nchịkọta

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A: 4 -ahazi Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, [3]: 4 [4] ebe ihe kpatara nkewa a bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụghị asụsụ.:: 7  N'ihi nghọta nke Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, nrụzigharị ya site na onomastics nke akwụkwọ ndị Gris na Rom dere dabere na ụdị Gothic. [1] mere, o siri ike ịchọpụta ma Vandalic nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic.: 9 

Echiche sitere na Gothic na Vandalic, yana Burgundian, na-etolite n'olumba continuum, ma ọ bụ na asụsụ Vandals bụ n'ezie Gothic, na ha bụ asụsụ dị iche iche na-ekewa n'oge mbụ,

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ndị Vandals n'oge Migration.

Dabere na akụkọ ifo nke ha, Ndị Goth sitere na Scandinavia. Ya mere, a na-arụrịta ụka, ma Gothic na site na ndọtị Vandalic, sitere na Scandinavia ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ihe akaebe asụsụ na-egosi enweghị njikọ doro anya n'etiti North German na ma ọ bụ Gothic ma ọ bụ Vandalic. [5]'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume na ma ndị Goth na ndị Vandals si Scandinavia kwaga n'ebe ndịda, ebe asụsụ ha malitere ịpụ na Proto-German.

O yikarịrị ka asụsụ nke Vandalic dị n'ebe ndịda nke oké osimiri Baltic. Ha gafere Rhine na narị afọ nke ise, [5] na-ejikọ onwe ha na Hasdingi na Silingi na Gallaecia (n'ebe ugwu Portugal na Galicia) na ndịda Spain, na-eso ndị ọzọ German na ndị na-abụghị ndị German (Visigoths, Alans Ndị Suebi) na c. 410 tupu ha agaa North Africa na 430s. [6] [7] nwere ọganihu na mmalite narị afọ nke isii, mana mgbe e merisịrị ha na 534 e debere ha n'okpuru ọchịchị Byzantium.[6]:: 1  A na-eche na a ka na-asụ asụsụ Vandalic n'oge mmeri Byzantium. [1][4]:: 95  O yikarịrị ka ọ lara n'iyi tupu ngwụcha narị afọ ahụ.

Ihe akaebe

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[1] maara obere ihe banyere asụsụ Vandalic ma e wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:: 7  [2]: Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere ike ịkọwa ụdaume n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ jiri aha ndị a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ nne ha. [2]

Tebụl ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a na-egosi okwu dị iche iche nke Vandalic, ahịrịokwu na ụdị ndị dị na (ma ọ bụ dị ka) aha na ederede Latin dị iche iche. [8] si na Nicoletta Francovich Onesti nweta ọtụtụ n'ime ha.   [<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span>]

Vandalic words attested outside of names
Attested

Vandalic form
Gothic cognate Gloss of Vandalic form
arme *𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌹 (*armai)

(form of 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽 (arman))
'have mercy!'
baudus

(cf. -baudes)
'ruler, master'
drincan 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 (drigkan) 'drink (<abbr about="#mwt422" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;abbr&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Abbr&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;inf.&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;infinitive&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAzk" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>)'
eils 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails) 'hail!' (greeting)
ia 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah) 'and'
froia 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (frauja) 'lord, (the) Lord'
matzia 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (matjan) 'eat (<abbr about="#mwt437" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;abbr&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Abbr&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;inf.&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;infinitive&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2M" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>),

have one's meal (<abbr about="#mwt440" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;abbr&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Abbr&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;inf.&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;infinitive&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2Y" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr>)'
scapia *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skapjan),

cf. 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaskapjan)
'make, create'
vandalirice 'king of the Vandals'
Vandalic words and forms attested in or as personal names
Attested

Vandalic form(s)
Gothic cognate Proto-Germanic

etymon
Old English cognate Gloss of Vandalic form
ari 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis) *harjaz here 'army'
baudes

(cf. baudus)
*baudiz 'master, ruler'
bere 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰- (baira-) *bera- bera- 'bear, carry'
bluma 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 (blōma) *blōmô *blōma 'bloom, flower'
dagila *𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰 (*dagila)

cf. 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags)
*dag- (dæg) 'day (<abbr about="#mwt474" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;abbr&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Abbr&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;dim.&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;diminutive&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA90" title="diminutive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">dim.</abbr>)'
frida

frede

feua
*𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (*friþus) *friþu- friþ(u)

(cf. MnE †frith)
'peace'
geis *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃 (*gais)

cf. 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan)

('frighten, scare')
*gaiza- gār

(cf. MnE garlic)
'spear'
gunda

guntha
*gunþjo gūþ 'battle'
hildi-, -ild 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹- (hildi-) *hildjō hild 'battle'
mir

mer
*𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 (*mērs) *mēraz, *mērijaz mǣre

(cf. MnE ‡mere)
'famous'
munds *mundō mund

(cf. MnE ‡mound)
'defender'
mut 𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃 (mōþs)

('mood, anger')
*moda- mōd

(cf. MnE mood)
'courage'
oa 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃 (hauhs) *hauha- hēah 'high'
osta

hostra
*𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰- (*austra-) *austra- ēast 'east'
rit

rith
-𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (-rēdan)

('to advise')
*rēdaz rǣd, rēd

(cf. MnE †rede)
'advice, counsel'
rix

ricus
𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (reiks) *rīk- rice ('dominion') 'king'
runa 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna) *rūnō rūn

(cf. MnE †roun, rune)
'secret'
scarila *skarō scearu

(cf. MnE share)
'band (dim.)'
sifila 𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰 (sibja) *sibjō sibb

(cf. MnE sibling)
'kindred (dim.)'
sindi- 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (sinþs)

('time, occurrence')
*sinþa- sīþ

(cf. MnE send)
'travel, path'
trioua 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰 (triggwa) *triwwa trīewu 'loyal, true (<abbr about="#mwt599" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;abbr&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Abbr&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;f.&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;feminine&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwBRE" title="feminine" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">f.</abbr>)'
teus 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃 (þius) *þewaz þēow

(cf. MnE †thew)
'slave, servant'
theudo 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda) *þeudō þēod

(cf. MnE †thede)
'folk'
vili, guilia 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (wilja) *wiljô willa 'will (noun)'
uit-

guit-
*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹- (*weiti-) *wīti- 'struggle, combat'
vult 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃 (wulþus) *wulþu- wuldor 'glory'

Usoro ide ihe

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[9] dere aha ole na ole dị na mkpụrụ ego nke alaeze Vandalic wepụtara na mkpụrụedemede Latin.

  • Ndị na-emebi ihe
  • Asụsụ Gothic
  • Asụsụ East German
  • Asụsụ Ndị Agha Ukwu Rom

Edensibia

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wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:: 7  : Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hartmann (2020). The Vandalic language – origins and relationships. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-4752-9. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Reichert (2009). "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika", in Greule: Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen (in de). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110208153. 
  3. Wrede [1886] (2018). Über die Sprache der Wandalen (in de). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111347615. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 Hennings (2012). Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche, 3 (in de), Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025959-9.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hennings" defined multiple times with different content
  5. 5.0 5.1 Hartmann (2023). "Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny", Germanic Phylogeny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 172–211. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005. ISBN 9780191983719.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Phylogeny" defined multiple times with different content
  6. 6.0 6.1 Merrills (2010). The Vandals. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444318074. 
  7. Moorhead (2013). "Goths and Vandals, migration history", The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, 1 (in en), Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4443-3489-0. 
  8. Francovich Onesti (2013). "Tracing the language of the Vandals", Goti e Vandali. Rome: Artemide, 179–195. ISBN 9788875751821. 
  9. Friedländer (1849). Die Münzen der Vandalen (in de). Leipzig: Wigand. 

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Wrede [1886] (2018). Über die Sprache der Wandalen (in de). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 9783111347615. 
  • Reichert (2009). "Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika", in Greule: Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen (in de). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110208153. 
  • Francovich Onesti (2013). "Tracing the language of the Vandals", Goti e Vandali. Rome: Artemide, 179–195. ISBN 9788875751821. 
  • Hartmann (2020). The Vandalic language – origins and relationships. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. ISBN 978-3-8253-4752-9.