Asụsụ Wandala
| mba/obodo | Kameroon, Naijiria  |
|---|---|
| dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara | Ȯra Borno, Far North |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 5 Na-etolite |
[1]Wandala, nke a makwaara dị ka Mandara ma ọ bụ Mura', bụ asụsụ dị na alaka Chadic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Afro-Asiatic, nke a na-asụ na Cameroon na Nigeria.
Ebe a na-ekesa ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Wandara nwere ndị [1]-asụ asụsụ 23,500 na Northern Cameroon na ndị na-ekwu okwu 20,000 na Naịjirịa.
Na Cameroon, a na-asụ Wandala na Mora na gburugburu ya (na Mora massif na mbara ala ndị gbara ya gburugburu) site n'ihe dị ka ndị na-asụrụ ya 23,500. [2] bụkwa asụsụ a na-asụkarị na ngalaba Mayo-Sava dum, site n'agbụrụ ndị dị n'ebe Ugwu Mandara Mountains.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Mura na-anọchite anya ụdị ochie nke asụsụ Wandala. [2] bụ asụsụ nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba "Kirdi-Mora" bi na Mora massif.
[1] Malgwa dị iche. [2] na-asụ ya na mbara ala dị n'ebe ugwu nke Mora (na mpaghara Kolofata) site na ngwakọta nke ndị Kanuri, Fula, na ndị Arab. [1]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[3] na-akọ na Wandala enweghị ụdaume fonemi, ihe dị ụkọ n'etiti asụsụ ụwa. Nnyocha ọzọ [1] na m nwere ụdau atọ dị n'okpuru a i na u na ụdaume ụdaume isii [a], [i], [u], [ə], [e] na [o].
[1] nwere ndepụta nke ụdaume bara ọgaranya, nke nwere ihe karịrị akụkụ ụdaume iri anọ. [1] nwere ụda abụọ, ọrụ ha dị iche n'etiti ụdị morpheme dị iche iche.
Ọdịdị nke ụdaume[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụfọdụ mkpụrụedemede nwere ike ịbụ V, N (mkpụrụedemede imi), CV, Glide V, VC, CVC. A naghị ekwe ka ụyọkọ ụdaume dị iche iche dị na coda. Iji zere imebi ihe mgbochi a, enwere ike itinye ụdaume etiti n'ọnọdụ okwu ikpeazụ. Mkpụr okwu r nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ syllabic, nke pụtara na nhazi Cr nwere ike ịbụ nhazi syllable.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụdị okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[1] nwere ụdị okwu nke aha, ngwaa, adjective, adverb, na predicator.
Ọdịdị[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Reduplication [1] usoro ọdịdị dị mkpa na Wandala, nke nwere ụdị na ọrụ dị iche iche nke nwere ike ịbụ naanị otu ụdị okwu ma ọ bụ kesaa n'ofe ụdị okwu. Reduplication nke nta na-enye ụdị ọnụọgụ nke ngwaa na adjectives, ebe reduplication zuru oke na-enye aspectual na modal ụdị nke ngwaa, ma ọ bụ na-enweta adverbs site na ụdị okwu ndị ọzọ. [1] pụkwara ịmegharị ahịrịokwu.
Ụdị okwu niile nwere ike ịnwe nsonaazụ. Na ngwaa, nsonaazụ nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ, dị ka akara mmekọrịta semantic na ụtọ asụsụ, ntụziaka na echiche. Suffixes na aha na-egosi ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ, mmekọrịta genitive na nnweta nnọchiaha. Enwere ike inweta aha site [1] ịgbakwunye nsonaazụ na nọmba na adjectives.
Wandala nwekwara obere prefixes maka aha na otu infix. [1] a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka infix na usoro okwu iji tinye ọtụtụ ngwaa.
Nchịkọta okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'okwu aha, isi na-ebute ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ndị na-ekpebi ihe na ndị na-eme ihe.
A na-ekewa mmekọrịta ụtọ asụsụ isiokwu na ihe, na nnọchiaha dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, njirimara okwu nke ngwaa na-ekpebi otu esi edepụta ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ nke arụmụka aha, na ụfọdụ ngwaa na'ewere onye nchịkwa dị ka arụmụka na-enweghị akara, na ndị ọzọ ihe metụtara.
Ihe aha ma ọ bụ isiokwu aha nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ngwaa gasịrị, mana ha abụọ enweghị ike ịnọ n'ọnọdụ a, yabụ ọ bụrụ na ha na-eme, a ga-ebute mmadụ n'ihu. Nke a na-edepụta usoro ozi dịka Topikalization, focus ma ọ bụ switch-reference.
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Frajzyngier (2012). A grammar of Wandala. De Gruyter Mouton.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 (2012) in Binam Bikoi: Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM), Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in fr). Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069. Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "ALCAM2012" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Wolff. 'Vocalogenesis' in (Central) Chadic languages. Retrieved on 2 December 2017.
ekewa mmekọrịta ụtọ asụsụ isiokwu na ihe, na nnọchiaha dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, njirimara okwu nke ngwaa na-ekpebi otu esi edepụta ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ nke arụmụka aha, na ụfọdụ ngwaa na'ewere onye nchịkwa dị ka arụmụka na-enweghị akara, na ndị ọzọ ihe