Asụsụ Wunambal
| Wunambal | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Western Australia | |
| Total speakers: | — | |
| Language family: | Worrorran Wunambal | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | — | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Asụsụ Wunambal, nke a makwaara dị ka Northern Worrorran, Gambera ma ọ bụ Gaambera, bụ asụsụ Aboriginal Australia nke Western Australia. O nwere ọtụtụ olumba, gụnyere Yiiji, Gunin, Miwa, na Wilawila (nke Gaambera na Wunambal dịkwa iche dị ka ndị dị iche). Ọ bụ ndị Wunambal na-asụ ya.
Wunambal bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Worrorran atọ, ndị ọzọ bụ (Western) Worrorra na Ngarinyin (Eastern Worrorra, ma ọ bụ Ungarinjin) .
As of 2020[update], "Wunambal Gaambera" bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ mweghachi asụsụ.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Wunambal [1] asụsụ na-ekewa aha nke so n'ezinụlọ asụsụ Northern Kimberley nke ndị Worrorra nke ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kimberleys na Australia na-asụ, ebe obibi nke Ndị Aborigine Australia. [2] bụ otu n'ime Asụsụ Worrorran atọ, ndị ọzọ bụ (Western) Worrorra na Ngarinyin (Eastern Worrorra, ma ọ bụ Ungarinjin) , [1] niile bụ "Northern Kimberley Division".
Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kewara ya dị ka ndị na-abụghị ndị Pama-Nyungan; "Ụlọ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị asụsụ Pama- Nyungan bụ Nyulnyulan na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, Bunuban na ndịda, na Jarrakan n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. " [3] Ndị ọkà mmụta mmụta asụsụ kewapụrụ Wunambal na olumba ya dị ka asụsụ na-ebute aha. Ụfọdụ emeela [2] e nwee ọdịiche dị n'etiti Egwu atọ nke Worrorran dị ka Wunambalic, Ungarinyinic, na Worrorric, nke a na-ahụkarị dị ka Northern, Central na Southern. [3] bụ Asụsụ polysynthetic nke dị iche na "ụdị asụsụ niile dị n'ezinụlọ asụsụ Worrorran nwere klas aha" na "okwu ndị na-ewere prefixes isiokwu na ihe".
Wunambal nwere ọtụtụ olumba, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike imeso dị ka asụsụ dị iche iche mgbe ụfọdụ: [4]
- Wunambal n'onwe ya (5 ndị ọkà okwu na 2005)
- Gamberre (ọ gwụchara n'afọ 2016)
- Kwini (Gunin) (1 ọkà okwu na 2005)
- Miwa (Bagu) (ọ dịghịzi)
- Yiidji (River Forrest) (ma eleghị anya ndị ọkà okwu 10 na 2005)
- ? Wilawila (ọ dịghịzi)
- ? Ginan (ọ dịghịzi)
Bowern (2012) depụtara asụsụ atọ nke Northern Worrorran: Wunambal n'onwe ya, Gamberre, na Gunin.
Aha ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha ndị ọzọ [5] mkpụrụ okwu maka Wunambal gụnyere Jeidji, Jeithi, Unambal, Wumnabal, Wunambullu, Yeidji, Yeithi.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe odide mbụ [6] kpọtụrụ aha nke Wunambal bụ na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 site na J.R.B. Love.
Ndị Aborigine ebiela na Kimberleys ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 40,000. Ndị Wunambal [7] ndị sitere n'agbụrụ ha, ha bụkwa akụkụ nke ihe a na-akpọ 'ebe obibi agbụrụ.' A na-akpọ ala ha guraa, gụnyere ndị Wunambal na ndị Gaambera.
Mgbe [6] na ndị Europe nwesịrị mmekọrịta, ndị Worrorran nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 300. [8] nwere ihe na-erughị mmadụ iri na-asụ asụsụ Wunambal na 2009. [1]
Mweghachi asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][9]As of 2020[update], edepụtara Wunambal Gaambera dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụta na idepụta asụsụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ - asụsụ ndị nwere obere ma ọ bụ enweghị akwụkwọ ọ bụla, ebe a na-edeghị ihe ndekọ ọ bụla, mana ebe e nwere ndị na-ekwu okwu dị ndụ".
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Wunambal dị iche na asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Kimberley na ọdịiche ya na-emepụta ụda alveolar vs. post-alveolar. Nkwụsị, imi, akụkụ, rhotics, na glides na-agụnye ụzọ nkwekọrịta: ebe ụda olu anaghị adị iche na nkwụsị. Enwere ike ịchọta tebụl nke ndepụta ụdaume na nkọwa nke mmepụta ụdaume na Wunambal: Asụsụ nke North-West Kimberley Region, Western Australia site na TL. Carr.[10]
| Mpaghara | Akụkụ dị iche iche | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Kwụsị | p~b | k~ɡ | c~ɟ | t~d | Isiokwu |
| Ụgbọ imi | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya |
| Tap/trill | ɾ~r | ||||
| N'akụkụ | ʎ | l | Ọdịdị | ||
| Ihe atụ | w | j | Ọdịdị | ||
- A na-anụ ụda nkwụsị site na enweghị olu ruo na olu.
- /r/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka tap, ma ọ bụ trill, ma mgbe ejighị ya ike, enwere ike ịnụ ya dị ka fricative a na-ekwupụta.
- /ī/ nwekwara ike iru ụda alveolar [ɹ].
- /c/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka fricative [ç], ma ọ bụ affricate [tʃ] n'ọnọdụ mmalite okwu dị iche iche.
- /ɡ/ nwere ike ịnụ dị ka [dʒ] mgbe ọ na-esote ụdaume ogologo /iː/ na ọnọdụ mmalite okwu.
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A nyochara Wunambal "dị ka usoro ụdaume isii nwere ọdịiche /i e a o u ɨ/, na /ɨ/ naanị dị na Northern variety" [12]
- /i, u/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [ɪ, ʊ]
- /ɨ/ nwere ike ịnwe allophones atọ; [ɨ], [ə], [ʉ].
- [10]/aː/ nwere ike iru ụdaume azụ [ɑː] .
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][13] nwere klas aha ise na ọkara ugwu nke obodo Wunambal na atọ na ọkara ndịda.
Ọdịdị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Wunambal [6] polysynthetic; karịsịa, asụsụ Worrorran nwere nkwekọrịta zuru oke.
Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta zuru ezu nke klas Wunambal na akara ikpe na Notes on the Wunambal language by Arthur Capell (1941). [13]
Nchịkọta okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ọ dị n'asụsụ niile nke Northern Kimberley, ha nwere ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ngwaa dị mfe na nke dị mgbagwoju anya, na-eji ngwaa enyemaka site na conjugation: "a na-ejikọta ngwaa ụfọdụ site na prefixes maka onye (na ruo n'ókè dị ala), ebe a na-agbakwunye suffixes iji gosipụta akụkụ, ọnọdụ, oge na olu. " [2] Asụsụ niile sitere na Worrorran nwere nhazi aha, akara isi, na nkwupụta dị mgbagọ. [6]
Okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][13] Northern Worrorran nwere otu okwu.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]otu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụtaotu n'ime asụsụ 20 a na-ebute ụzọ dị ka akụkụ nke Priority Languages Support Project, nke First Languages Australia na-eme ma na-akwado site na Ngalaba nkwukọrịta na nka. Ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ "ịchọpụta
- ↑ Berson, J. (2010).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Capell, A. (1972).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Carr TL.
- ↑ Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Wunambal. EndangeredLanguages.com.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Clendon, Mark.
- ↑ Vigilante, T., Toohey, J., Gorring, A., Blundell, V., Saunders, T., Mangolamara, S., ...
- ↑ McGregor, William, and Alan Rumsey.
- ↑ Priority Languages Support Project. First Languages Australia. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved on 13 January 2020.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Carr TL.
- ↑ McGregor (1993). Gunin/Kwini, Languages of the World/Materials. München: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-929075-09-1.
- ↑ Loakes, D., Carr, T., Gawne, L., & Wigglesworth, G. (2015).
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Capell, A. (1941).
- McGregor (1993). Gunin/Kwini. Munich: Lincom Europa.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Worrorra: asụsụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Kimberley (PDF). Mahadum Adelaide. ISBN 978-1-922064-59-2. Enwere ike idepụtaghachi ederede site na isi iyi a, nke dị n'okpuru ikikere Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).Clendon (2014). Worrorra: a language of the north-west Kimberley coast.. University of Adelaide. ISBN 978-1-922064-59-2.
