Asụsụ Yalë
| Yalë | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Papua New Guinea | |
| Region: | Sandaun Province | |
| Total speakers: | 600 | |
| Language family: | Senu River or language isolate Guriaso–Yale Yalë | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | nce | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
A na-asụ Asụsụ Yade', nke a makwaara dị ka Yadë, Nagatman', ma ọ bụ Nagastan, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Papua New Guinea. [1] nwere ike ịbụ ihe jikọrọ ya na Asụsụ Kwomtari, mana Palmer (2018) kewara ya dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ.
nwere ndị na-asụ 600 na 1991 na ndị na-ekwu otu asụsụ 30 n'ụbọchị a na-edeghị aha. A na-asụ Yalë na Nagastan (3°44′42′′S 141°28′18′′E / 3.744917°S 141.471593°E / -3.744917. 141.47-1593 (Nagatiman)) na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ nke Green River Rural LLG na Sandaun Province.[2][3] [4] (2018) na-akọ ngụkọta nke obodo isii.
Yalë nọ na nnukwu azụmahịa na mmekọrịta ya na Busa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwoju anya okwu [4]usoro okwu SOV.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aannested, Aidan (2020) [5] na-enye ụdaume ndị a maka Yadë (Yalë):
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | __ibo__ m'ihi ya, ọ bụNkọwaỌdịdị | n'ihi ya__ibo__ NkọwaỌdịdị | ||||
| Plosive | Enweghị olu | p'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú aNkọwaỌdịdị | __ibo__ t'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịIhe omuma aỌdịdị | k'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNkọwaỌdịdị | ||
| Nkwupụta | b ~ βAkwụkwọ bụ́ "Spanish"Ọdịdị | d ~ SIND/SIND__ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọỌdịdị | ɣɡọ'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị n'obodoNkọwaỌdịdị | |||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | __ibo__ Nkọwa__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ nke a na-akpọỌdịdị | SINAIhe omuma aỌdịdị | __ibo__ N'ih ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNkọwaỌdịdị | |||
| Africate | __ibo____ibo____ibo__ A na-akpọ ya__ibo__ Ihe omuma di iche icheỌdịdị | |||||
| Ihe atụ | __ibo__ w'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịIhe omuma ahuỌdịdị | __ibo__ j'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNa-ekwu maka yaỌdịdị | ||||
- A na-akpọ "dd" dị ka /r(ː)/
- Hụ isi iyi maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara allophones- ndị edepụtara bụ naanị ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị.
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | u bụ na-agụ__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Spanish"Ọdịdị | |
| N'etiti | na-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | o-adịNkọwaỌdịdị | |
| Open-Mid | __ibo__ Ọdịdị__ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị | ||
| Emeghe | n'ihi yaIhe omuma di icheỌdịdị |
- Mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla nwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ime, ọkachasị /u/, nke nwere:
- /y/, /ʉ/, /ʊ/, na /uʹ/
Aha nnọchiaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị nnọchiaha bụ: [4]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okwu mkpokọta bụ: [4]
- -d: akara n'ozuzu
- -t: akara na-agafe agafe
- -b: akara na-adịghị agafe agafe
Ọtụtụ aha anaghị etinye ọtụtụ, ọ bụkwa naanị aha nwere ihe gbasara mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe dị ndụ ma ọ bụ nke nwere nnukwu mkpa obodo nwere ike ịba ụba site na iji nsonaazụ -rɛ ~ -re: [4]
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1987. Yadë Grammar Essentials. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1990. Yadë (Nagatman) - English Dictionary. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Campbell, Carl na Jody Campbell. 1997. Yalë (Nagatman, Yadë) Phonology Essentials. Ihe odide a na-ebipụtaghị. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Palmer (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ↑ Eberhard:Papua New Guinea languages. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International (2019).
- ↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup. Humanitarian Data Exchange.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Foley (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ↑ Aannested, Aidan. (2020). "Towards a grammar of the Yale language: taking another look at archived field data". SIL International. https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/74/13/68/74136897596164130243049362044105596501/Yade_Grammar.pdf
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta okwu asụsụ Nagastan na TransNewGuinea.org
- Paradisec nwere nchịkọta ohere na-emeghe nke gụnyere ihe asụsụ Yalë site na Don Laycock
Templeeti:Papuan languagesBusa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwojuBusa, nke nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke a na-asụ n'ebe ndịda. Yalë nwere mgbagwojuTempleeti:Language families