Asụsụ Yoke
| Yoke | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Indonesia | |
| Region: | Yoke village, Mamberamo Hilir District, Mamberamo Raya Regency, Papua | |
| Total speakers: | 200 | |
| Language family: | Lower Mamberamo Yoke | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | yki
| |
| Obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ ndị dị n'okpuru Mamberamo  |
|---|---|
| Akara ala | bahasa Pauwi |
| Mba/obodo | Indonesia |
| Ụmụ amaala ka | Papua |
| Usoro ederede | Latin script |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | 2 vulnerable |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 6b Threatened |
Yoke bụ asụsụ a na-edeghị nke ọma nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 200 na-asụ n'ebe ugwu Indonesia_province)" id="mwCg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Papua (Indonesian province)">Papua, Indonesia. A na-asụtakwa aha ahụ Yoki, Yauke, a makwaara ya dị ka Bitovondo. A na-asụ ya n'otu obodo dị n'ime ruo mgbe gọọmentị kpọgara otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi na obodo ọhụrụ, Mantarbori, n'ụsọ oké osimiri. [1] ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19, Robidé van der Aa chịkọtara ndepụta okwu nke "Pauwi" na Lake Rombebai, ebe ndị Yoke na-ekwu na ha si kwapụ; nke a bụ Yoke n'ụzọ doro anya, ma e wezụga okwu ụfọdụ na-apụtaghị n'asụsụ nke oge a mana a na-ahụ ya na Warembori metụtara ya.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke okwu Yoke nwere njikọ na Warembori, asụsụ nke Asụsụ Austronesian nwere mmetụta siri ike, ma ọ bụ bụ asụsụ Austronesian nke asụsụ Papuan nwere mmetụta siri ukwuu. Asụsụ abụọ ahụ yiri nnọọ ibe ha n'asụsụ, na-enwe ọdịdị ọdịdị, na-egosi mmekọrịta usoro ọmụmụ. Otú ọ dị, Yoke anaghị ekerịta ihe ndị Austronesian nke Warembori, ọ bụghịkwa ihe doro anya etu nke a si emetụta nhazi Ross nke afọ 2005, dabere na nnọchiaha, nke Waremburi dị ka asụsụ Austronesian.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'elu, ọ dịkarịa ala, Yoke nwere ụda ndị a:
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Coronal | N'azụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | |
| Plosive | enweghị olu | p | t | k |
| kwuru okwu | b | d | ɡọ | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | β | s | ɣ | |
| Ihe atụ | w | ɾ | j | |
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| N'etiti | na | o | |
| Emeghe | a |
N'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka asụsụ Papuan, mana dị ka Warembori, Yoke nwere prepositions na isiokwu-okwu-ihe (SVO) usoro. Ngwaa nwere prefixes isiokwu ma nwee ike ịnwe otu ma ọ bụ karịa suffixes ihe. Okwu ndị a na-akpọ affixes bụ:
| Isiokwu | Ihe E Mere | |
|---|---|---|
| 1sg | e- | -e |
| 2sg | a- | -a |
| 3sg | i-, ja-, e- | -i |
| 1pl | ki- | -oɣo |
| 2pl | mi-, im- | -nna nwoke |
| 3pl | Ọ bụrụ na- | -esi |
Ndị nnọchiaha nwere onwe ha bụ akara isiokwu mbụ edepụtara na tebụl a na-ebute -βu. Ụdị ọtụtụ nwere ike isite na Austronesian; lee Warembori maka nkọwa.
[2] ka ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan nke ugwu New Guinea, Yoke nwere ụdị otu / ọtụtụ maka aha.
(Ebumnuche nke ụdaume 'thematic' edoghị anya, mana o yiri ka ọ na-ekewa ngwaa n'ime klas dị iche iche.)
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]"Pauwi" na Lake Rombebai, ebe ndị Yoke na-ekwu na ha si kwapụ; nke a bụ Yoke n'ụzọ doro anya, ma e wezụga okwu ụfọdụ na-apụtaghị n'asụsụ nke oge a mana a na-ahụ ya na Warembori metụtara ya.
- ↑ A word list of "Pauwi" collected by Stroeve and Moszkowski was not Yoke, though it's not clear what it was.
- ↑ Reesink (2018). "Contact phenomena in Austronesian and Papuan languages", in Palmer: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 939-985. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- [1], Duane, Mark Donohue na Felix Ma. 2002. "Akụkọ nyocha nke ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke Irian Jaya. "
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Donohue (1998) na Warembori, na ngalaba na Yoke