Asụsụ Basum

asụsụ
obere ụdị nke	Central Tibetan, Bodish

Basum (autonym: brog gsum 'ugwu atọ'; Basong 巴松话; Bake ^[1]) bụ asụsụ Bodish dị iche iche nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,500 na-asụ na Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China. 13.5% nke ndị bi na Gongbo'gyamda County na-asụ Basum. Glottolog depụtara Basum dị ka onye a na-ahapụghị n'ime Bodish.

Wang (2020) bụ nkọwa ụtọ asụsụ na morphosyntactic nke Basum .

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

A maara asụsụ Basum n'ógbè ahụ dị ka Bäke, nke sitere na brag-gsum ska, nke pụtara 'asụsụ nke Nkume Atọ'. E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ 3,000 na obodo Zhoka na Tshongo, Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, n'ikperé mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Basum. ^[2], et al. (1989) kọwakwara na a na-asụ Basum na Cuogao Township 错高乡 na Xueka Township 雪卡乡 nke Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China.

Nchịkọta

Qu, et al. (1989) na-ekwu na Basum bụ onye a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta ma dị nnọọ iche na Gongbu Tibetan (Chinese: 工布话; 11,600 ọkà ), nke bụ asụsụ dị iche iche nke Central Tibetan nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na Nyingchi Tibetan (Chinish: 林芝话). Basum bụkwa ihe a na-apụghị ịghọta aghọta na Niangpu nkata (nke a na-akpọkwa Muqu 牧区话), nke bụ asụsụ Khams nke ndị mmadụ 4,310 na-asụ na Jiaxing 加兴 na Niangp nkata obodo nke Gongbo'gyamda County. , et al. (1989:61) na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish.

Suzuki & Nyima (2016) ^[3] na-ewere Basum dị ka asụsụ na-abụghị Ndị Tibet.

Tournadre (2014) ^[1] kewara Basum (Bake) dị ka asụsụ Bodish a na-akpọghị aha nke na-esoghị na alaka Tibetic. Tourna (2014: 112) na-ekwu na Basum nwere negator a-, dị iche na negator ma- ma ọ bụ myi- n'asụsụ Tibetic. Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị ka asụsụ Tibetic, Basum anaghị eme ka Proto-Bodish *ti- na *si-.

Akwụkwọ Nsọ

^[2]Tournadre & Suzuki (2023) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị aha Tibetic.

Nkọwa	Basum	Ụdị Tibet oge ochie
asaa	Sọn:	bdun
anọ	Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ Qhichwa	bzhi
anụ	Shia:	sha
ọbara	Asụsụ a na-akpọ	khrag
ụkwụ	'kiː	rkang
uhie	'N'ebe ọ bụla	dmar
nkume	'tɐ luŋ	rdo
M	'Ọ bụ otú e si eme ihe	nga
ị	Ọdịda Anyanwụ	khyed, khyod
ya	Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣̣́ Xing	kho
ịgọnahụ	Isiokwu	ma

, et al. (1989: 50-51) depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.

Ọmarịcha ndị China	Nkọwa Bekee	Basum
Ụkwụ	ụkwụ, ụkwụ	ci14
Mmanụ ala	Mmanụ yak	ja55
nnu	nnu	npo53
一	otu	tɯʔ53
七	asaa	__ibo__ Nke a bụ 55
Ịga ije	ịga ije	N'ihi ya, ọ bụghị n'afọ 53
Anya	ile anya	ɕẽ53
Ihi ụra	ihi ụra	C.14
Ịnọ	ịnọdụ ala	__ibo__ Nkọwapụta 55
Mụ onwe m	I (1.SG)	afọ 53
Ị	gị (2.SG)	Isi mmalite12
Ya	ya (3.SG)	po53
Nke ahụ	nke ahụ	N'oge 53
Ọtụtụ	ọtụtụ	pi55
Ọbara	uhie	N'afọ 53
Ọrịa na-ewute	na-adịghị mma	phe55mu53
Otu nwa	ntakịrị, ntakịrị	ɐ55mi
Ozugbo ahụ	n'oge na-adịghị anya, ngwa ngwa	a11lu53
Ihe niile	niile	nta11le15
Isi ihe	n'ụzọ bụ isi	ɐ11nɐʔ53
Otu ihe	n'ezie, ga-abụrịrị	sɯ̃11pa53

Okwu Basum ndị ọzọ dị iche iche bụ (Suzuki & Nyima 2016): ^[3]

Nkọwa	Basum
otu	tɨʔ
anọ	bər
ise	ŋo
asaa	ni
gị (sg)	do
ọbara	køʔ
anụ	aȵi
ígwè	l̥ɐʔ
Ezì	pɐʔ

Edensibia

na-achọpụta ụfọdụ myirịta okwu n'etiti Basum na Cuona Menba (Tawang Monpa), asụsụ East Bodish depụtara okwu Basum ndị na-esonụ na-enweghị njikọ na asụsụ ndị agbata obi Tibetic.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Tournadre (2023). The Tibetic Languages: an introduction to the family of languages derived from Old Tibetan. Paris: LACITO. ISBN 978-2-490768-08-0.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Tashi Nyima. 2016. ’Bo skad, a newly recognised non-Tibetic variety spoken in mDzo sgang, TAR: a brief introduction to its sociolinguistic situation, sounds, and vocabulary. Fourth Workshop on Sino-Tibetan Languages of Southwest China (STLS-2016). University of Washington, Seattle, September 8–10, 2016.

Àtụ:Sino-Tibetan languages Àtụ:Bodic languages Àtụ:Languages of China

[Tournadre2014-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

[Tibetic-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Tournadre (2023). The Tibetic Languages: an introduction to the family of languages derived from Old Tibetan. Paris: LACITO. ISBN 978-2-490768-08-0.

[SuzukiNyima2016-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Tashi Nyima. 2016. ’Bo skad, a newly recognised non-Tibetic variety spoken in mDzo sgang, TAR: a brief introduction to its sociolinguistic situation, sounds, and vocabulary. Fourth Workshop on Sino-Tibetan Languages of Southwest China (STLS-2016). University of Washington, Seattle, September 8–10, 2016.

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