Lee ebe Asụsụ Vandalic si

{{Infobox Language|name=Vandalic|extinct=[[6th century]] AD|familycolor=Indo-European|fam2=[[Germanic languages|Germanic]]|fam3=[[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] †|iso3=xvn}}

Vandalic bụ Asụsụ German nke ndị Vandals na-asụ n'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke atọ ruo nke isii. <ref name="Hartmann">{{Cite book|author=Hartmann|first=Frederik|title=The Vandalic language – origins and relationships|date=2020|publisher=Universitätsverlag Winter|location=Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-8253-4752-9}}</ref> yikarịrị ka ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic, n'ihi ya, a na-ahazi ya dị ka Asụsụ East German.:: 9  Ihe akaebe ya dị nnọọ iberibe, karịsịa n'ihi ngafe ndị Vandals na-agagharị mgbe niile na ịnakwere ederede n'azụ oge. Ihe odide niile nke oge <ref name="Reichert">{{Cite book|first=Hermann|author=Reichert|editor=Greule|title=Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen|date=2009|publisher=W. de Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=9783110208153|language=de|chapter=Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika}}</ref> site n'oge a na-asụ Vandalic bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.: 43–44 

== Nchịkọta ==
A: 4 -ahazi Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, <ref name="Wrede">{{Cite book|author=Wrede|first=Ferdinand|title=Über die Sprache der Wandalen|date=2018|origdate=1886|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin/Boston|isbn=9783111347615|language=de}}</ref>: 4 <ref name="Hennings">{{Cite book|author=Hennings|first=Thordis|title=Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche|date=2012|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-11-025959-9|edition=3|language=de}}</ref> ebe ihe kpatara nkewa a bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ọ bụghị asụsụ.:<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">&#x3A;&#x200A;7&#x200A;</span></sup> N'ihi nghọta nke Vandalic dị ka asụsụ East German, nrụzigharị ya site na onomastics nke akwụkwọ ndị Gris na Rom dere dabere na ụdị Gothic. {{R|Hartmann}} mere, o siri ike ịchọpụta ma Vandalic nwere njikọ chiri anya na Gothic.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">&#x3A;&#x200A;9&#x200A;</span></sup>

Echiche sitere na Gothic na Vandalic, yana Burgundian, na-etolite n'olumba continuum, ma ọ bụ na asụsụ Vandals bụ n'ezie Gothic, na ha bụ asụsụ dị iche iche na-ekewa n'oge mbụ,

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:Vandals_Migration_pt.gif|thumb|Ndị Vandals n'oge Migration.]]
Dabere na akụkọ ifo nke ha, Ndị Goth sitere na Scandinavia. Ya mere, a na-arụrịta ụka, ma Gothic na site na ndọtị Vandalic, sitere na Scandinavia ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Ihe akaebe asụsụ na-egosi enweghị njikọ doro anya n'etiti North German na ma ọ bụ Gothic ma ọ bụ Vandalic. <ref name="Phylogeny">{{Cite book|author=Hartmann|first=Frederik|chapter=Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny|title=Germanic Phylogeny|date=2023|pages=172–211|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005|isbn=9780191983719|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}}</ref>'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume na ma ndị Goth na ndị Vandals si Scandinavia kwaga n'ebe ndịda, ebe asụsụ ha malitere ịpụ na Proto-German.

O yikarịrị ka asụsụ nke Vandalic dị n'ebe ndịda nke oké osimiri Baltic. Ha gafere Rhine na narị afọ nke ise, <ref name="Phylogeny">{{Cite book|author=Hartmann|first=Frederik|chapter=Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny|title=Germanic Phylogeny|date=2023|pages=172–211|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005|isbn=9780191983719|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHartmann2023">Hartmann, Frederik (2023). "Genealogical implications and Germanic phylogeny". ''Germanic Phylogeny''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.&nbsp;172–211. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005|10.1093/oso/9780198872733.003.0005]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780191983719|<bdi>9780191983719</bdi>]].</cite></ref> na-ejikọ onwe ha na Hasdingi na Silingi na Gallaecia (n'ebe ugwu [[Portugal]] na [[Galisa|Galicia]]) na ndịda Spain, na-eso ndị ọzọ German na ndị na-abụghị ndị German (Visigoths, Alans Ndị Suebi) na c. 410 tupu ha agaa North Africa na 430s. <ref name="Miles">{{Cite book|author=Merrills|first=Andrew H.|title=The Vandals|date=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9781444318074}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Moorhead|first=John|title=The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-4443-3489-0|edition=1|language=en|chapter=Goths and Vandals, migration history}}</ref> nwere ọganihu na mmalite narị afọ nke isii, mana mgbe e merisịrị ha na 534 e debere ha n'okpuru ọchịchị Byzantium.{{R|Miles}}:: 1  A na-eche na a ka na-asụ asụsụ Vandalic n'oge mmeri Byzantium. [1]<ref name="Hennings">{{Cite book|author=Hennings|first=Thordis|title=Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche|date=2012|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-11-025959-9|edition=3|language=de}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHennings2012">Hennings, Thordis (2012). ''Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche'' &#x5B;''Introduction to Middle High German''&#x5D; (in German) (3&nbsp;ed.). Berlin: De Gruyter. p.&nbsp;26. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Ihe pụrụ iche:BookSources/978-3-11-025959-9|<bdi>978-3-11-025959-9</bdi>]].</cite>
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref>:<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 95">&#x3A;&#x200A;95&#x200A;</span></sup> O yikarịrị ka ọ lara n'iyi tupu ngwụcha narị afọ ahụ.

== Ihe akaebe ==
{{R|Hartmann}} maara obere ihe banyere asụsụ Vandalic ma e wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">&#x3A;&#x200A;7&#x200A;</span></sup> {{R|Reichert}}: Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere ike ịkọwa ụdaume n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ jiri aha ndị a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ nne ha. [2]

== Okwu ==
Tebụl ndị dị n'okpuru ebe a na-egosi okwu dị iche iche nke Vandalic, ahịrịokwu na ụdị ndị dị na (ma ọ bụ dị ka) aha na ederede Latin dị iche iche. <ref name="Onesti2">{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://www.academia.edu/691311|first=Nicoletta|author=Francovich Onesti|chapter=Tracing the language of the Vandals|title=Goti e Vandali|date=2013|publisher=Artemide|location=Rome|isbn=9788875751821|pages=179–195}}</ref> si na Nicoletta Francovich Onesti  nweta ọtụtụ n'ime ha.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vandalic words attested outside of names
!Attested<br /><br />Vandalic form
!Gothic cognate
!Gloss of Vandalic form
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|arme}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰}}𐌹 (*{{Lang|got-Latn|armai}})<br /><br />(form of {{Lang|got|𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|arman}}))
|'have mercy!'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|baudus}}<br /><br /> (cf. -''{{Lang|xvn|baudes}}'')
|—
|'ruler, master'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|drincan}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got|drigkan}})
|'drink (<nowiki><abbr about="#mwt422" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Abbr&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;inf.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;infinitive&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAzk" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr></nowiki>)'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|eils}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃}} ({{Lang|got|hails}})
|'hail!' (greeting)
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|ia}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌾𐌰𐌷}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|jah}})
|'and'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|froia}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-latn|frauja}})
|'lord, (the) Lord'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|matzia}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|matjan}})
|'eat (<nowiki><abbr about="#mwt437" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Abbr&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;inf.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;infinitive&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2M" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr></nowiki>),<br /><br /> have one's meal (<nowiki><abbr about="#mwt440" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Abbr&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;inf.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;infinitive&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA2Y" title="infinitive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">inf.</abbr></nowiki>)'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|scapia}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|skapjan}}),<br /><br />cf. {{Lang|got|𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|gaskapjan}})
|'make, create'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|vandalirice}}
|—
|'king of the Vandals'
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vandalic words and forms attested in or as personal names
!Attested<br /><br />Vandalic form(s)
!Gothic cognate
!Proto-Germanic<br /><br /> etymon
!Old English cognate
!Gloss of Vandalic form
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|ari}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|harjis}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*harjaz}}
|{{Lang|ang|here}}
|'army'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|baudes}}<br /><br />(cf. {{Lang|xvn|baudus}})
|—
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*baudiz}}
|—
|'master, ruler'
|- 
|{{Lang|xvn|bere}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰-}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|baira-}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*bera-}}
|{{Lang|ang|bera-}}
|'bear, carry'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|bluma}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|blōma}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*blōmô}}
|*{{Lang|ang|blōma}}
|'bloom, flower'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|dagila}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|dagila}})<br /><br /> cf. {{Lang|got|𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|dags}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*dag-}}
|{{Lang|ang|(dæg)}}
|'day (<nowiki><abbr about="#mwt474" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Abbr&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;dim.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;diminutive&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwA90" title="diminutive" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">dim.</abbr></nowiki>)'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|frida}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|frede}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|feua}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|friþus}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*friþu-}}
|{{Lang|ang|friþ(u)}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} †frith)
|'peace'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|geis}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|gais}})<br /><br />cf. {{Lang|got|𐌿𐍃'''𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃'''𐌾𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|us'''gais'''jan}})<br /><br />('frighten, scare')
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*gaiza-}}
|{{Lang|ang|gār}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} '''gar'''lic)
|'spear'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|gunda}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|guntha}}
|—
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*gunþjo}}
|{{Lang|ang|gūþ}}
|'battle'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|hildi-}}, {{Lang|xvn|-ild}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹-}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|hildi-}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*hildjō}}
|{{Lang|ang|hild}}
|'battle'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|mir}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|mer}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|mērs}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*mēraz}}, {{Lang|gem-x-proto|*mērijaz}}
|{{Lang|ang|mǣre}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} ‡mere)
|'famous'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|munds}}
|—
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*mundō}}
|{{Lang|ang|mund}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} ‡mound)
|'defender'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|mut}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|mōþs}})<br /><br />('mood, anger')
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*moda-}}
|{{Lang|ang|mōd}}<br /><br /> (cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} mood)
|'courage'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|oa}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|hauhs}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*hauha-}}
|{{Lang|ang|hēah}}
|'high'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|osta}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|hostra}}
|*{{Lang|got|𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰-}} (*{{Lang|got-Latn|austra-}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*austra-}}
|{{Lang|ang|ēast}}
|'east'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|rit}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|rith}}
|{{Lang|got|-𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽}} ({{Lang|got|-rēdan}})<br /><br />('to advise')
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*rēdaz}}
|{{Lang|ang|rǣd}}, {{Lang|ang|rēd}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} †rede)
|'advice, counsel'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|rix}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|ricus}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|reiks}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*rīk-}}
|{{Lang|ang|rice}} ('dominion')
|'king'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|runa}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|rūna}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*rūnō}}
|{{Lang|ang|rūn}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} †roun, rune)
|'secret'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|scarila}}
|—
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*skarō}}
|{{Lang|ang|scearu}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} share)
|'band ({{abbr|dim.|diminutive}})'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|sifila}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|sibja}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*sibjō}}
|{{Lang|ang|sibb}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} '''''sib'''ling'')
|'kindred ({{abbr|dim.|diminutive}})'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|sindi-}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|sinþs}})<br /><br />('time, occurrence')
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*sinþa-}}
|{{Lang|ang|sīþ}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} ''send'')
|'travel, path'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|trioua}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|triggwa}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*triwwa}}
|{{Lang|ang|trīewu}}
|'loyal, true (<nowiki><abbr about="#mwt599" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:false}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;abbr&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Abbr&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;f.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;feminine&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwBRE" title="feminine" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:ExpandedAttrs">f.</abbr></nowiki>)'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|teus}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|þius}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*þewaz}}
|{{Lang|ang|þēow}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} †thew)
|'slave, servant'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|theudo}}
|{{Lang|got|𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|þiuda}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*þeudō}}
|{{Lang|ang|þēod}}<br /><br />(cf. {{abbr|MnE|Modern English}} †thede)
|'folk'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|vili}}, {{Lang|xvn|guilia}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|wilja}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*wiljô}}
|{{Lang|ang|willa}}
|'will (noun)'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|uit-}}<br /><br />{{Lang|xvn|guit-}}
|{{Lang|got|*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹-}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|*weiti-}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*wīti-}}
|—
|'struggle, combat'
|-
|{{Lang|xvn|vult}}
|{{Lang|got|𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃}} ({{Lang|got-Latn|wulþus}})
|{{Lang|gem-x-proto|*wulþu-}}
|{{Lang|ang|wuldor}}
|'glory'
|}

== Usoro ide ihe ==
<ref>{{Cite book|author=Friedländer|first=Julius|title=Die Münzen der Vandalen|date=1849|publisher=Wigand|location=Leipzig|language=de}}</ref> dere aha ole na ole dị na mkpụrụ ego nke alaeze Vandalic wepụtara na mkpụrụedemede Latin.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndị na-emebi ihe
* Asụsụ Gothic
* Asụsụ East German
* Asụsụ Ndị Agha Ukwu Rom

== Edensibia ==
wezụga ahịrịokwu dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke aha onwe onye sitere na Vandalic, nke a maara site na akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ego.:: 7  : Ọtụtụ aha Vandalic ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Latin ma ọ bụ Grik dere, ndị nwere{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Wrede|first=Ferdinand|title=Über die Sprache der Wandalen|date=2018|origdate=1886|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin/Boston|isbn=9783111347615|language=de}}
* {{Cite book|first=Hermann|author=Reichert|editor=Greule|title=Namen des Frühmittelalters als Sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen|date=2009|publisher=W. de Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=9783110208153|language=de|chapter=Sprache und Namen der Wandalen in Afrika}}
* {{Cite book|chapterurl=https://www.academia.edu/691311|first=Nicoletta|author=Francovich Onesti|chapter=Tracing the language of the Vandals|title=Goti e Vandali|date=2013|publisher=Artemide|location=Rome|isbn=9788875751821|pages=179–195}}
* {{Cite book|author=Hartmann|first=Frederik|title=The Vandalic language – origins and relationships|date=2020|publisher=Universitätsverlag Winter|location=Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-8253-4752-9}}